Dragon boat festival classic folk custom

Dragon Boat Festival, Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day and Mid-Autumn Festival are also called the four traditional folk festivals in China. Since ancient times, there have been festivals such as rowing dragon boats and eating zongzi. The following is the classic folk custom of Dragon Boat Festival that I carefully recommend, for reference only, welcome to read!

Dragon boat festival classic folk custom

Bad one-day taboo theory

People in the Han Dynasty believed that May 5th was an evil month and day, and there was a custom of "not mentioning May", that is, babies born on May 5th could not be raised by men or women. Once raised, men will harm their fathers and women will harm their mothers. There are even some sayings, such as "When May comes, you will never move again" and "When you build a house in May, your head will be bald". This custom has been popular since the Warring States and the Han Dynasty at the latest. This custom is recorded in Lun Heng by Chong, Custom Tong by Ying Shao and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty.

May 5th is an evil month and an evil day. In order to eliminate the plague, drive away evil spirits and seek good luck, related cultural activities came into being, and the Dragon Boat Festival became quite distinctive.

Summer solstice theory

The founder of the summer solstice theory is Mr. Huang Shi. 1963, in his book History of the Customs and Habits of the Dragon Boat Festival (published by Hong Kong Qinxing Bookstore 1963), he proposed that the Dragon Boat Festival originated in ancient times, with three generations flowing in parallel, and expanded into rivers in Qin and Han Dynasties and lakes and seas in Tang and Song Dynasties. The Dragon Boat Festival originated from the summer solstice theory, and scholars have studied it from a broader perspective. 1983, Mr. Liu Deqian thought that the Dragon Boat Festival came from the summer solstice in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties in another article, On the Origin of Dragon Boat Festival (Knowledge of Literature and History, No.5, 1983), and proposed that Qu Yuan had nothing to do with "fighting a hundred herbs" or "collecting miscellaneous medicines" during the Dragon Boat Festival. Liu Deqian put forward three main reasons in The Origin of Dragon Boat Festival and Interesting Talk about Traditional Festivals in China:

1. The sex book Jing Chu Sui Ji did not mention the festival custom of eating zongzi on the fifth day of May, but was written on the solstice in summer. As for the race, Du Taiqing's Jade Candle Collection in Sui Dynasty listed it as an entertainment activity from summer to the sun, which shows that it is not necessarily to salvage Qu Yuan, a great poet who threw himself into the river.

2. Some contents in the custom of Dragon Boat Festival, such as "stepping on a hundred herbs", "fighting a hundred herbs" and "picking miscellaneous medicines", have nothing to do with Qu Yuan.

3. The first explanation of the Dragon Boat Festival in Ji Hua Li is: "The sun shines, and the Dragon Boat Festival is in midsummer, so it can also be called midsummer festival. Therefore, the earliest origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is the summer solstice.

The Historical Origin of Dragon Boat Festival

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is a traditional festival in China-Dragon Boat Festival, which means "beginning" and "beginning". The fifth day can be called Dragon Boat Festival. In the lunar calendar, the earthly branch marks the moon, the shade is built in the first month, February is the base, and May is noon in turn, so May is called noon month, and "five" is connected with "noon", and "five" is also the yang number, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also called Dragon Boat Festival, Worship Wu, Duanyang, Noon, Worship Wu and Noon Day. In addition, it is also called May Festival, Ai Festival and summer in some places. According to historical records, the word "Dragon Boat Festival" first appeared in the local custom of Jin people and Zhou Dynasty: "Dragon Boat Festival in midsummer, cooking millet." Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival of Han nationality in China. The necessary activities of this day gradually evolved into: eating zongzi, dragon boat racing, hanging calamus and mugwort leaves, smoking Atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, and drinking realgar wine. It is said that eating zongzi and dragon boat racing is to commemorate Qu Yuan, so after liberation, the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet's Day" to commemorate Qu Yuan. As for hanging calamus, wormwood leaves, smoked atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, drinking realgar wine is said to suppress evil spirits.

Dragon Boat Festival is a very great festival. First, the Dragon Boat Festival originated from the discovery of the astronomical phenomenon of the summer solstice 5000 years ago, which is a great astronomical discovery of the Chinese nation to mankind. Secondly, the ancient people obtained 24 solar terms by observing the sun, obtained the lunar calendar of 12 months by observing the moon, and then combined with the lunar calendar, calculated the year with tree trunks and branches. Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, which embodies this ancient invention. Thirdly, the Dragon Boat Festival also comes from the worship of dragons by ancient Wu and Yue people, which embodies the philosophical thought of unity between man and nature, pluralism and harmony without difference. Dragon Boat Festival is a festival advocating filial piety and kindness, which embodies the tradition of the Chinese nation. Fourth, the Dragon Boat Festival also reflects the great feelings of the Chinese nation. With the development of history, since the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, people have superimposed the stories of Qu Yuan, Wu Zixu, Gou Jian, Cao E, Taoist figures Zhang Tianshi and Zhong Kui on the Dragon Boat Festival. In the 1940s, during the national disaster, the Dragon Boat Festival was recognized as a poet's festival, which deepened the culture of the Dragon Boat Festival.

Because it is endowed with many cultural factors, the folklore of the Dragon Boat Festival is also very rich. Zhao Shu explained that as a poet's festival, the Dragon Boat Festival is the first time to sacrifice to God, ancestors and sages, and the second time to recite classic poems. In ancient times, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month was regarded as an evil month, because 70% people died in the dog days from summer to the future, so the Dragon Boat Festival was needed to ward off evil spirits. Dragon Boat Festival is also a health festival, so you should wash blue soup and get rid of the five poisons. As a sports festival, Dragon Boat Festival has two major folk customs. One is the dragon boat race in the south, which is called dragon boat rowing in Beijing and is only for performance. Since Liao and Jin Dynasties, a sports activity called kicking stone balls has been popular in the Dragon Boat Festival in Beijing. In addition, the Dragon Boat Festival is also a social festival, also called Daughter's Day. In ancient times, five kinds of gifts were given during the Dragon Boat Festival. Dragon Boat Festival is also a food festival, mainly eating zongzi, ruling cake and rose cake.

Today, when foreign festivals are dominant and western culture is one-sided, it is increasingly important to reshape traditional festivals in China, such as the Dragon Boat Festival, trace back the humanistic genes of the Chinese nation, enhance national cohesion, reshape China's values, and even highlight China's cultural status in the world. In 2004, South Korea listed "gangneung danoje festival" in the national heritage list, and was later declared as "representative work of oral and intangible cultural heritage of mankind" by UNESCO, which greatly stimulated Chinese people and accelerated the application for the Dragon Boat Festival. In 2006, 70 folk customs such as "Dragon Boat Festival" became China's national intangible cultural heritage, and the Dragon Boat Festival officially became a legal holiday in 2008. In 2008, China organized experts to declare projects to UNESCO for evaluation, and finally 35 projects were selected for the Dragon Boat Festival. The application materials were jointly "packaged" by Hubei, Hunan and Jiangsu, and Hubei Province took the lead in applying. The difficult declaration process coincides with UNESCO's two major revisions to the Rules for the Evaluation of World Heritage Declaration: once every two years, once for each country, from one declaration to multiple declarations. The Dragon Boat Festival in China became the first festival in China to be selected as a world intangible cultural heritage, and this time it was also listed as one of the ***22 China projects in the World Intangible Cultural Heritage Representative List. As an expert said, the success of applying for the World Heritage is not the ultimate goal, but the purpose is to remind people to cherish the essence of their national culture and inherit and carry it forward.

The customs of the Dragon Boat Festival

1, eat zongzi

Zongzi was originally used as a sacrifice. In order to prevent the fish in the river from eating the body of Qu Yuan, a doctor of Chu State, Zongzi was put into the water and gradually became a traditional food for the Dragon Boat Festival.

2. Dragon Boat Race

Dragon boat race is not only a folk activity, but also a formal sports event, which is very popular in many ethnic minority areas and the Yangtze River basin.

Step 3 order realgar wine

Soak realgar in wine, and then apply realgar wine on people's forehead, ears, nose, palms, etc., in order to stay away from poisonous insects, eliminate disasters and prevent diseases.

Step 4 wear a sachet

On the Dragon Boat Festival, it is a good ornament to put sachets or wallets on children to keep them away from evil spirits and plagues.

5, hanging wormwood

During the Dragon Boat Festival, people like to hang wormwood on both sides of the gate, which means eliminating diseases, driving away bad luck and bringing good luck to their families.

6. Tie colorful ropes.

In ancient times, five colors were considered as auspicious colors, so during the Dragon Boat Festival, children would tie colorful ropes on their wrists, ankles or necks, which meant avoiding disasters, staying away from diseases, being safe and living longer.

7. Withdrawal amount

The custom of daubing children's foreheads with realgar during the Dragon Boat Festival. Clouds can drive away poisonous insects. The typical method is to draw the word "Wang" on the child's forehead with realgar. One is to use realgar to drive away the poison, and the other is to use tiger's forehead (the "king" is like a tiger, and the tiger is the king of all animals, because it replaces the tiger) to suppress evil. Fu Cha Dunchong's Chronicle of Yanjing in Qing Dynasty: "From the first day of the first lunar month, take realgar and sprinkle wine on the collar and nose and ears of children to avoid poison." In addition to the forehead, nose and ears, other places can also be painted, with the same intention. Shanxi Hequ county records: "Drinking realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival and applying children's forehead, hands and feet ... can prolong the illness."

8. Pei Douniang

In the past, there were five kinds of women's headdresses. More common in Jiangnan. Some areas are also called healthy people. This thing originated from ancient walking and is a different form of Ai people. Jia Qinglu quoted the legacy of Tang and Song Dynasties as saying: "It is ingenious to win the first prize in five days in the north and south of the river. All the mugwort leaves are pressed and sold, or embroidered with fairy, Buddha, harmony, martial arts, insects, fish, beasts, sweet flowers and other shapes. Crepe spider, Mei Fong forest, cocoon tiger velvet tuo, lawn lizard, mantis cicada scorpion, gourd melon, vivid colors. Covered with a treasure, there are countless hydrangeas and hundreds of shapes of bells, or strung together. The name is Douniang, invincible. "

Other customs of Dragon Boat Festival

There are other customs in the Dragon Boat Festival, such as hiding from the Dragon Boat Festival, wearing longevity thread, wearing sachets, avoiding the five poisons, picking herbs, drinking Pu wine (realgar wine and cinnabar wine), raining during the Dragon Boat Festival, jumping in Zhong Kui, mowing grass, playing polo and visiting the Temple of Heaven.

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