Explain the reasons for the vertical variation of atmospheric temperature.

The remarkable characteristics of this layer are as follows:-The temperature decreases with the increase of height, and the temperature decreases by 0.6 with each increase of 100m. C. The air near the ground expands and rises under the action of the heat emitted from the ground, and the cold air above it drops, thus forming a strong convection in the vertical direction, hence the name of the troposphere. Second, the density is high, and more than 3/4 of the total mass of the atmosphere is concentrated in this layer. In the troposphere, it can be divided into two layers because of the different effects of the underlying surface. Below 1-2 km, it is strongly influenced by the mechanical and thermal effects of the surface, which is usually called friction layer, or boundary layer, and also called lower atmosphere. Most pollutants discharged into the atmosphere are active in this layer. More than 1-2 km, which is less affected by the surface, is called free atmosphere. Major weather processes, such as rain, snow and hail, appear on this floor. The troposphere is most closely related to human beings.

(2) Stratospheric temperature changes little with the decrease of altitude, and tends to be stable, so it is also called stratosphere. Above 30-35km, the temperature increases with height.

The characteristics of the stratosphere are as follows: first, there is no convection in the air, and advection is the main movement; Second, the air is much thinner than the lower layer, with little water vapor and dust content and few weather phenomena; Thirdly, in the range of about 15-35 km high, there is an ozone layer with a thickness of about 20km. Because ozone has the ability to absorb short-wave ultraviolet rays from the sun, the temperature in the stratosphere rises.

(3) Intermediate layer

The height from the stratosphere top to 80 kilometers is called the mesosphere. This layer of air is thinner, and the temperature decreases with the increase of height.

(4) Thermosphere

From 80 km to about 500 km is called the thermosphere. The temperature of this layer increases rapidly with the increase of height, and the temperature in the layer is very high, which varies greatly from day to night. There is still a small amount of water in the lower part of the thermosphere, so there are occasional silvery white and blue noctilucent clouds.

(5) escape layer

With the increase of height, the temperature of the escape layer increases slightly.