How to breed red fruit bonsai?

Red fruit, an evergreen shrub or small tree of Prunus in Myrtaceae, can reach 5 meters high, the whole plant is hairless, and the new shoots are purple or reddish brown; The leaves are opposite, almost sessile, leathery, as big as nails, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 ~ 5 cm long and 2.3 ~ 3 cm wide. The leaves are dark green, slightly lighter on the back, hairless on both sides, and there are countless transparent glandular spots. Flowers solitary or clustered in leaf axils, 4 sepals, everted, petals white and slightly fragrant. Berry is oblate, drooping, about 2 cm in diameter, with 8 longitudinal edges, and looks like a pumpkin. The fruit is blue at first, then yellow, and turns crimson or orange-red when it matures. It tastes sweet and sour and is edible.

breeding method

Spring and autumn are suitable for sowing and reproduction. Before sowing, the soil and seeds should be strictly disinfected to prevent pests and diseases during the growing period. 70% thiophanate-methyl should be used to disinfect the soil and 90% trichlorfon should be used to kill the soil. Seeds can be sown at the time of collection or stored until spring and autumn. In order to improve the germination rate of seeds and reduce the trouble of seed storage, seeds can be directly sown after drying in the shade. Before sowing, soak the seeds in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, take them out and put them in a bamboo basket to dry, then sow. After sowing, we should strengthen field management, keep the soil moist, and emerge in about 30 days. When the seedlings grow to 4 ~ 6 cm, weeds should be removed in time and combined with thinning fertilization. Every 10 ~ 15 days, apply 1 time with 3% ~ 5% diluted fecal urine and 1% ~ 2% decomposed cake fertilizer. In the future, pour 0.5% ~ 0.8% compound fertilizer around the roots of seedlings, and try not to pour the solution on the leaves. Sprinkle water on the leaves after fertilization to avoid burning the leaves, and transplant the seedlings in the next spring.

Red fruit

Cutting propagation can be carried out in March-May. Take robust and mature branches of that year, 8 ~ 10 cm long, and leave 2 ~ 3 leaves. The bed soil is loose sandy loam or peat soil with good drainage and disinfection. After planting, cover it with 80% sunshade net and water it, and then spray water 1 ~ 2 times a day for 3 ~ 5 minutes each time, and take root in about 40 ~ 50 days. If 400 times of "rooting sun" rooting agent is mixed with yellow mud to make mud, dip the cuttings in the mud and insert them into the seedling pond after the mud is dry. When seedlings are inserted into the nursery pool, stick jacks should be used before seedlings are inserted to prevent the yellow mud from separating from cuttings and affecting the rooting effect. Rooting can take place in about 28 ~ 35 days after insertion.

Layered reproduction can be carried out all year round, and March-April in spring is better. Generally, the high-altitude stratification method is adopted. You can choose the appropriate part of the branch for girdling, and then put the plastic film in acid sand and wrap it at the girdling place. The soil in the film is often watered to make it moist, and it takes about 3 ~ 4 months to take root. After taking root, the potted plants or ground plants can be cut off.

Hongguozai

Upstream watershed management

When the seedlings grow to 8 ~ 10 cm, they can be transplanted to the upper pot. If the seedlings are put in the basin too late, the growth potential will be weak, which will affect the future growth and development. Red fruits are masculine flowers. When planting, we should choose sunny environment and moist fertile loam with good drainage to meet the requirements of environmental conditions during the growth and development of red fruits. When transplanting, plants should be transplanted with clods, or they can be transplanted with clods in the growing season, but before transplanting, all the branches and leaves of the new shoots of the year should be pulled out to keep the soil moist.

The appropriate watering frequency of red fruit seeds depends on the size of the plant, the change of temperature and the place where it is placed, and it should be timely and appropriate. Spring and summer are growing seasons, so water the pot adequately. Don't dry the soil, water it every morning and evening 1 time. August-September is the flower bud differentiation period of red fruit, so watering should be properly controlled and the principle of "no watering, but thorough watering" should be followed. In case of drought, especially in the flower and fruit period, water should be poured in time. In case of continuous rainstorm, drainage should be done in time. Water should be controlled in winter, and it should be watered 1 time every 2 ~ 3 days.

Rational fertilization Red fruits like fertilizer, but they don't like thick fertilizer. Fertilization should master the principle of thin fertilizer and diligent application. Generally, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied to young trees and bamboo shoots. August-September is the flower bud differentiation period of red fruits. If appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied, flower buds will appear in 10. In the flower and fruit period, compound fertilizer or decomposed cake fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer can be applied every 10 ~ 15 days 1 time.

Pruning red fruit seedlings in time should start from the seedlings, and the height of 15 ~ 20 cm should be reserved on the main stem for pruning, so as to promote the occurrence of side branches, form a crown as soon as possible, control the plant height and increase the flower amount. After the viewing period, the remaining fruits should be picked and the plants should be cut again 1 time. Except for the weak branches, over-dense branches and diseases and pests, the other long branches should be cut short to restore the good growth of the plant, or the plant can be trimmed into a circle and a cone.

Suitable temperature Red fruits like warm and humid environment, and the suitable temperature for growth is about 23℃ ~ 30℃. Pay attention to heat preservation in winter, the temperature should not be lower than 10℃, and it will freeze if it is lower than 5℃.

Keep enough sunshine in a sunny place for maintenance all year round. If the red fruit is maintained in a well-lit and well-ventilated place, the plant will flourish and the tender branches will be more vivid in purple or reddish brown if the light is 8 ~ 12 hours a day. At the same time, there are more flowers, brighter colors and more results. If the red fruit is exposed to sunlight and insufficient shade, the branches and leaves of the plant will grow excessively and become emaciated, and the number of flowers will decrease, resulting in fewer results.

Hongguozai bonsai

Hongguozai bonsai

Eliminate pests and diseases

disease

① Anthracnose. It occurs on fruits, leaves, branches, buds and leaf buds of plants. Young leaves are damaged, and the lesions are mostly at the edge or tip of the leaves, which are semi-circular or irregular, dark brown, with waterlogged water wheel lines and purple-red edges. In the later stage, the diseased part sinks, the center of the lesion is gray and white, and there are small black spots in the wheel. When the branches are damaged, the lesions mostly occur at the base of the new shoots, and a few of them are oval or spindle-shaped in the middle of the new shoots, slightly depressed and slightly red at the edges. The focus is dark brown in the late stage, grayish white in the middle, with small black spots on it, and the cortex is longitudinally split. If the lesion surrounds the shoot once, the shoot will die. The diseased spots on the branches are spindle-shaped ulcers or irregular depressions, and the xylem turns black after peeling off the cortex. Flower buds and leaf buds turn black or yellow-brown, the edges are not obvious, and they are grayish white in the later stage with small black spots on them. In severe cases, the buds wither and fall off, and the fruits, leaves, branches wither and even the whole plant dies. Prevention and treatment methods: 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution, 50% triamcinolone acetonide 800 times solution or 20% tricyclazole 600 times solution can be sprayed during the onset period. Alternate use, continuous spraying 2 ~ 3 times, weekly/kloc-0 times, the effect is remarkable.

(2) soot disease. It is easy to occur in high temperature and high humidity environment, and it is common in garden plants all over China. After the disease, the leaves of diseased plants are covered with black mold layer, which not only affects the ornamental value of red fruits, but also affects the photosynthesis of leaves, resulting in weak plant growth and early defoliation. Control methods: timely control aphids, scale insects, whiteflies, etc. Spraying 800 ~ 1000 times solution, or 500 ~ 800 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 500 times solution of 70% thiophanate-methyl. Alternate use, continuous application 2 ~ 3 times, weekly/kloc-0 times, the effect is remarkable.

insect pest

① Aphids. It is easy to occur in high temperature and high humidity environment and has a long occurrence period. It is rampant from June to August, endangering buds, leaves and flower buds, seriously affecting the growth and flowering of plants, and the plants will die when the damage is serious. Control method: 2000 ~ 2500 times of 10% imidacloprid can be used for control. Early prevention and control should be carried out in April-May in early spring, and pesticides should be sprayed 3-4 times a month in June-August when aphids are in full bloom until they are eliminated.

(2) scale insects. Scale insects often hide in leaf axils, leaf backs or roots of plants. The dense dew secreted by scale insects will lead to sooty blotch, plant growth distortion and even the whole plant death. Control method: 40% EC 800 ~ 1000 times can be sprayed on the whole plant, especially on the back of leaves and the top of plants, and on the front of leaves.