Solar calendar and twenty-four solar terms

The first month of spring

In early spring, 3 15 east wind thawed the stinging insects, and on February 3-5, the fish began to freeze.

Rain and dew water 330 Taohuacang Geng Mingying adult pigeon February 18-20.

The second month of spring

In a daze at 345 degrees, fish sacrificed to geese, and plants sprouted on March 5-7.

0 vernal equinox, on March 20, the black bird began to ring -2 1 in Renai.

The last month of spring

The MICROTUS fortis turned into a rainbow in the Qing Dynasty 15 on April 4-6.

At 30 degrees in Grain Rain, pigeons began to sing and their feathers were brushed. Mulberry falls in Dai Sheng from April 19 to April 2 1.

summer

The first month of summer

Early summer, 45 degrees, earthworms out, 5-7 days Wang Gua was born.

Bitter vegetables with a height of 60 degrees died in summer until May 20-22.

middle of summer

The mantis-born anchovies with a 75-degree awn began to sing, but their tongues turned back and they were silent from June 5 to 7.

Pinellia ternata was born on June 26 at 438+0-22, at 90 degrees from summer solstice.

The last month of summer

It's July 6-8, from the warm wind of 105 to the residence of crickets and falcons.

120 During the summer heat, rotten grass turns into firefly soil, and it will rain heavily on July 22-24.

autumn

The first month of autumn

From the cool breeze of 135 to the early autumn of Bailu, cicadas will fall, from August 7 to 9.

Summer heat 150. The eagle was the first place to worship birds. Sukhnaden is from August 22nd to 24th.

The second month of autumn

White deer 165 Hongyan comes to the mysterious bird to raise shame. September 7-9.

/kloc-at 0/80 autumnal equinox, thunder began to ring, and the water began to dry up from September 22 to 24.

The last month of autumn

Cold dew 195 Hongyan finches flooded for mussels, chrysanthemums and yellow flowers 65438+1October 8-9.

First frost 2 10 jackal is the sacrifice of animals, plants, trees, stinging insects and salt drops in October 65438+23-24.

winter

The first month of winter

In beginning of winter, the water began to freeze at 225 degrees, and the flood began on June165438+1October 7-8.

240 rainbows have no weather rising to stop light snow, and the ground drops in winter165438+1October 22-23.

Winter Solstice

It snows at 255 degrees, birds don't sing, and tigers begin to cross. Litchi is quite healthy+6 -8 February 65438.

Winter solstice 270 earthworm-elk-knot spring sports 65438+February 2 1-23.

The last month of winter

Xiao Han 285 The magpies in the northern border of Yanbei started to nest, and started to nest 65438+1October 5-7.

Abdominal stiffness in Shui Ze is 65438+1October 20th -2 1 at the beginning of the great cold.

Solar term date speed algorithm: general birthday formula -[y× d+c]-l

Y= year, D=0.2422, L= leap year, and C depends on solar terms and year.

In this century, the C value of beginning of spring is 4.475, and the beginning of spring date of 20 17 is as follows:

[20 17×0.2422+4.475]-[20 17/4- 15]=492-489=3

So the beginning of spring date of 20 17 is February 3rd, as simple as that.

[Edit this paragraph] Name meaning

The twenty-four solar terms are divided according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic (that is, the orbit of the earth around the sun). Depending on the sun starting from the vernal equinox (longitude zero, at this moment the sun shines vertically on the equator), every advance of 15 degrees is a solar term; After a week's operation, I returned to the vernal equinox, which is a tropical year with 360 degrees, so it is divided into 24 solar terms. The dates of solar terms are relatively fixed in the solar calendar. For example, beginning of spring in the solar calendar always falls between February 3rd and 5th. However, in the lunar calendar, the date of solar terms is not easy to determine. Take beginning of spring as an example. It can be the first day of the lunar calendar in the previous year, 65438+February 15, and the latest is the first month, 15.

It can be seen from the naming of the twenty-four solar terms that the division of solar terms fully considers the changes of natural phenomena such as seasons, climate and phenology. Among them, beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn, beginning of winter, vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice and winter solstice are used to reflect seasons, and a year is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice and winter solstice are divided from an astronomical point of view, reflecting the turning point of solar height change. Beginning of spring, Changchun, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter reflect the beginning of the four seasons. Because China is a vast country with a very obvious monsoon and continental climate, the weather and climate vary greatly from place to place, so the four seasons in different regions are also very different.

The five solar terms of slight summer heat, great summer heat, slight cold and severe cold reflect the change of temperature and are used to express the degree of heat and cold in different periods of the year; Rain, Grain Rain, light snow and heavy snow reflect the phenomenon of precipitation, indicating the time and intensity of rainfall and snowfall; The three solar terms, White Dew, Cold Dew and First Frost, on the surface reflect the phenomenon of condensation and condensation of water vapor, but in essence reflect the process and degree of gradual temperature drop: when the temperature drops to a certain extent, water vapor condenses; The continuous drop in temperature not only increases condensation, but also gets colder and colder; When the temperature drops below zero degrees Celsius, water vapor condenses into frost.

Xiaoman and awn seeds reflect the maturity and harvest of related crops; Frightening and Qingming reflect natural phenological phenomena, especially stinging, which indicates that spring will return with the recovery of early thunder in the sky and underground stinging insects.

Beginning of spring, Changchun, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter-also known as "Li Si"-respectively represent the beginning of the four seasons. "Stand" means to start. The Gregorian calendar is generally around February 4th, May 5th, August 7th and165438+1October 7th every year. "Li Si" indicates the beginning of the astronomical season. As far as climate is concerned, it is still in the last season. For example, the Yellow River Basin in early spring is still in the middle of winter.

Summer solstice and winter solstice-collectively referred to as the "second solstice", represent the extremes of summer and winter in astronomy. "ambition" means extreme and most important. Summer solstice and winter solstice are generally on June 2 1 day and February 22 12 of the Gregorian calendar every year. It often rains on the solstice in summer.

The vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox-collectively referred to as "dichotomy", mean that day and night are equal in length. "Divide" is equal share. These two solar terms are generally around March 20 and September 23 of the Gregorian calendar every year.

Rain-indicates that the precipitation begins and the rainfall gradually increases. It rains around February 18 in Gregorian calendar every year.

Sting-the sudden movement of spring thunder woke the hibernating animals in the soil. At this time, the temperature rose rapidly, and the spring thunder gradually sprouted. Every year around March 5 of the Gregorian calendar is a shock.

Qingming-includes the meaning of sunny weather, fresh air, gradually warming climate and lush vegetation. The Gregorian calendar is Qingming around April 5 every year.

Grain Rain —— The increase of rainfall is very beneficial to the growth of cereal crops. Grain Rain is around April 20th of the Gregorian calendar every year.

Xiaoman-refers to the summer crops with full seeds, but not yet mature, just small and not yet full. Every year on May 2 1 day of the Gregorian calendar, it is full.

Crops with awns, such as awn seed wheat, mature and summer sowing begins. Around June 5 every year, it is a mango. The sky burns in the mountain.

Hot in summer, hot in summer, hot in summer-hot in summer means hot. The heat is not the hottest time, but the heat is the hottest season, and the heat is the day when summer is coming to an end. They are around July 7, July 23 and August 23 of the Gregorian calendar every year.

White dew-the temperature began to drop, the weather turned cold, and there was dew on the vegetation in the morning. The Millennium is around September 7 of the Gregorian calendar every year.

Cold dew-the temperature drops, there is condensation in the air, and there is a chill gradually. This day is usually on June 8 10 every year.

First frost-it's getting colder and colder, and it's frosting. The first frost usually occurs on the 23rd day of the Gregorian calendar 10 year 10.

Light snow, heavy snow-it's starting to snow, with small and large indicating the degree of snowfall. Light snow falls on Gregorian calendar165438+1October 22nd, and heavy snow falls around 65438+February 7th.

Slight cold, severe cold-the weather is getting colder and colder. Slight cold is not the coldest, but severe cold is the coldest time of the year. The Gregorian calendar 65438+1October 5th and 20th are mild and severe cold.

The twenty-four solar terms reflect the annual apparent movement of the sun, so in the current Gregorian calendar, the dates of the solar terms are basically fixed. The first half of the year is on the 6th and 2nd1,and the second half is on the 8th and 23rd, with a difference of 1 ~ 2 days.

[Edit this paragraph] Section 24

Beginning of spring: Dou refers to the Northeast. The meridian of the sun is 3 15 degrees. It is the first of the 24 solar terms. It means to begin to enter the spring, "yang and thorns, everything is spring." After beginning of spring, everything is full of vitality, and the four seasons begin now.

The rain bucket refers to the ring. The meridian of the sun is 330 degrees. At this time, the spring breeze blows all over, the ice and snow melt, the air is moist, and the rain is increasing, so it is called rain. People often say: "Spring blossoms, and rain is busy to send fertilizer."

Stunned: fight with your fingers. The meridian of the sun is 345 degrees. This solar term means that after beginning of spring, the weather gets warmer, the spring thunder starts to shake, and all kinds of hibernating animals that are dormant in the soil will wake up and start to move, so it is called a fright. During this period, the eggs laid by overwintering insects will also begin to hatch. Some parts of China have entered the spring ploughing season. As the saying goes, "After being shocked, it is warm and harmonious, and the old toad sings folk songs." "I was startled by a plow, and the vernal equinox was full of air." "Before the thunder comes, the rain is like a dragon."

Vernal equinox: fighting refers to shackles. The meridian of the sun is 0 degrees. The sun is above the equator at the vernal equinox. This is the 90-day vernal equinox of spring. On this day, the northern and southern hemispheres are equal in day and night, so it is called the vernal equinox. After this day, the direct position of the sun moves northward, and the days in the northern hemisphere are long and the nights are short. So the vernal equinox is the beginning of spring in the northern hemisphere. Overwintering crops in most parts of China have entered the spring growth stage. Agricultural proverbs in various places include: "The spring equinox comes first, and rice competes for money" (Guangdong), "The spring equinox never stops raining, but the summer equinox never stops burning" (Sichuan), "When it rains, every family is busy, planting melons and beans first, then transplanting them" (Hubei), "Planting vegetables at the spring equinox, picking melons in summer" (Hunan) and "Planting beans at the spring equinox, and planting them at the autumn equinox.

Qingming: fighting refers to Ding. The solar calendar is 15. At this time, the climate is refreshing and warm, flowers and trees grow new branches, everything begins to grow, and farmers are busy ploughing and planting in spring. Once upon a time, on this day in Tomb-Sweeping Day, some families would plant willows at the door and go for an outing to sweep the graves in the suburbs. This is an ancient custom.

Grain Rain: There's a fight. The meridian of the sun is 30 degrees. It means that rain breeds grain. Because rain nourishes the earth, five grains can grow, so Grain Rain is "rain gives birth to hundreds of grains". As the saying goes, "Before and after Grain Rain, you reap what you sow".

Long summer: the bucket refers to the southeast. The meridian of the sun is 45 degrees. Now it's long summer, and since then, everything has flourished. Traditionally, the long summer is regarded as an important solar term for the temperature to rise significantly, the summer heat is approaching, thunderstorms are increasing, and crops enter the peak season.

Little Man: Fighting nails. The meridian of the sun is 60 degrees. Since Xiaoman, summer crops such as barley and winter wheat have borne fruit and full seeds, but they are not yet mature, so they are called Xiaoman.

Mangzhong: Beidou points to itself. The meridian of the sun is 75 degrees. At this time, it is most suitable for sowing grain crops with awns, such as late rice, millet and millet. If you plant awns and crops after this time, it will not be ripe. At the same time, "awn" refers to crops with awns such as wheat and barley, and "species" refers to seeds. Awn seeds indicate the maturity of awned crops such as wheat. Before and after the awning, the rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Central China increased and the temperature rose. In the rainy season, the air is very humid, the weather is extremely sultry, and all kinds of utensils and clothes are prone to mildew, so it is also called "mildew rain" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.

Summer solstice: Beidou points to B. The meridian of the sun is 90 degrees. When the sun is at the "Summer Solstice Point" at 90 degrees of the yellow meridian, it is almost directly above the Tropic of Cancer, and the sun is the highest in the northern hemisphere at noon. This day is the longest day and the shortest night in the northern hemisphere. From this day on, it entered the hot season, when everything in the world grew most vigorously. In ancient times, the heart also called this day the northern solstice, meaning the northernmost day when the sun was born. After the summer solstice, the sun gradually moves southward, and the days in the northern hemisphere become shorter and the nights become longer.

Summer heat: fighting refers to Xin. The solar calendar is 105. It's already very hot, but it's not hot enough, so it's called Xiaoshu. At this point, it is already around the beginning.

Summer: bucket refers to C. solar meridian 120. The summer heat is the hottest solar term in a year. Before and after the next day's duty, high temperature weather of 40℃ often appeared in many places in the Yangtze River Basin. Do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling. There is a lot of rain in this solar term, so we should pay attention to the flood control and waterlogging prevention in the proverb "little summer heat, big summer heat, drowning rats"

Beginning of autumn: Beidou points southwest. The solar line is 135. From this day on, autumn began, the autumn was crisp, the moon was bright and the wind was clear. Since then, the temperature has gradually decreased from the hottest time.

Summer heat: fighting refers to five. The solar line is 150. At this point, the heat has come to an end. The heat of summer is about to dissipate. This is the turning point of the temperature drop. It is a symbol of cold climate and indicates the end of summer.

Millennium: Fingers pointing. The solar line is 165. When the weather turns cold, the ground water vapor condenses the most.

Autumnal equinox: the barrel refers to itself. The solar line is 180. On the day of the autumnal equinox, like spring people, the sun is almost direct to the equator, and day and night are almost equal. From this day on, the position of direct sunlight continued to move from the equator to the southern hemisphere, and the days became shorter and the nights became longer in the northern hemisphere. According to China's autumnal equinox theory, this day is exactly half of the ninety days in autumn, so it is called autumnal equinox. But in astronomy, it is stipulated that autumn in the northern hemisphere begins with the autumnal equinox.

Cold dew: fighting nails. The solar line is 195. After the white dew, the weather turned cold and dew began to appear. When the dew is cold, there is much dew and the temperature is low. So some people say that cold is dew, white first and then cold, which means that the climate will gradually turn cold. Water vapor condenses into dew.

First frost: solar longitude 2 10. It's already cold, and there is frost, so it's called the first frost.

Beginning of winter: The longitude of the sun is 225 degrees. Traditionally, our people think that this day is the beginning of winter. Winter, as the end, means that after a year of field work, crops will be harvested. After beginning of winter passes, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China will soon freeze, and farmers from all over China will gradually turn to farmland water conservancy infrastructure and other agricultural activities.

Xiaoxue: The longitude of the sun is 240. The temperature dropped and it began to snow, but it was not the season of heavy snow, so it was called light snow. Before and after the light snow, it began to snow in the Yellow River basin (snowfall in the south is two solar terms later); In the north, it has entered the freezing season.

Heavy snow: solar longitude 255. Before and after the heavy snow, there was gradually snow in the Yellow River basin. In the north, it's already the severe winter of "thousands of miles frozen, Wan Li snowing".

Winter solstice: the longitude of the sun is 270 degrees. On the solstice of winter, the sun shines almost directly on the tropic of Capricorn. Our northern hemisphere has the shortest day and the longest night, and it has begun to enter several cold days. Astronomy stipulates that this day is the beginning of winter in the northern hemisphere. After the winter solstice, the direct sunlight gradually moved northward, and the days in the northern hemisphere gradually became longer. As the proverb goes, eating noodles on the solstice in winter will make the day longer.

Slight cold: solar calendar 285. After the slight cold, it began to enter the cold season. Cold air is cold for a long time, and slight cold means that the weather is cold but not extreme.

Great cold: the longitude of the sun is 300. Great cold refers to extremely cold weather. Around the Great Cold is the coldest season of the year. The great cold occurred just after March 9 and at the beginning of April 9. As the saying goes, "three, nine, four and nine don't do it."

After the severe cold, spring came and the weather became warm. At this point, the earth made a revolution around the sun and completed a cycle.

Responder: Jianghu Shaoxia 00 1- Junior 4-4 1 1:35.

The solar calendar, also known as the solar calendar, is a calendar based on the movement cycle of the earth around the sun.

There are 12 months in a year, and each month has two qi (the former qi is called "solar term" and the latter qi is called "neutral qi"). So there are 24 qi in a year, and this qi is the so-called "solar term". Twenty-four qi is twenty-four solar terms. The monthly distribution is as follows:

"Qi" in the monthly solar terms (festivals)

Rain (cloudy) in the early spring of the first month.

February (August) vernal equinox

March (Chen) Qingming Grain Rain

April (4th) is full and long in summer.

In May (noon), planting will begin from the summer solstice.

June (not) summer and summer.

In July (Shen), it was summer in beginning of autumn.

Autumn Equinox of the Millennium in August (Unitary)

Frost and cold dew in early September.

Light snow in early winter in October (Shanghai)

From winter solstice to Sunday, 1 1 month (April) is snowing heavily.

December (ugly) slight cold and severe cold

The twenty-four solar terms are the crystallization of the wisdom of ancient Chinese people, so the lunar calendar should prevail. So some people think that the 24 solar terms are subordinate to the lunar calendar. In fact, they are defined according to the solar calendar. Think about it yourself. It matches the time of the solar calendar very well. So why do the 24 solar terms seem to belong to the lunar calendar, but actually belong to the solar calendar? Maybe you will understand after reading the following.

China used the lunar calendar in ancient times.

The month of the lunar calendar is determined according to the moon phase cycle and belongs to the lunar calendar.

But the lunar calendar couldn't help farmers in ancient times, so the ancient working people formulated 24 solar terms according to the revolution of the earth around the sun. The 24 solar terms are determined according to the revolution of the sun and the ecliptic of the sun, and the solar calendar is also determined according to the ecliptic of the sun. Therefore, because they are formulated in the same way, the 24 solar terms are the same as the solar calendar.