The characteristics of all climates

climate zone

latitude

Climate type

Distribution area

Climatic characteristics

tropical zone

About 30 degrees north and south latitude.

tropical rainforest climate

Roughly between north latitude 10, it is mainly distributed in Congo River basin in Africa, Amazon River basin in South America and Indonesia in Asia.

Controlled by the equatorial low pressure belt, equatorial air mass prevails, with high temperature and rainy weather. It is summer all year round, and the average annual temperature is around 26℃. Most of the annual precipitation is over 2000 mm, which is evenly distributed throughout the year.

Tropical savanna climate

Roughly between latitude 10 and the tropic of cancer, such as most parts of Central Africa, northern and eastern Australia, South America and Brazil.

Located in the alternate control area of equatorial low pressure area and trade wind area, the dry season and rainy season alternate obviously. When the equatorial low pressure zone is controlled, the equatorial air mass prevails, forming a humid season, and the weather is sultry and rainy; When the trade winds are controlled, tropical continental air masses prevail, forming a dry season with little rain. The annual precipitation is between 750 ~1000 mm.

Tropical monsoon climate

Roughly between the north and south latitudes 10 and the tropic of cancer, the east coast of the mainland, especially the Indo-China Peninsula and the Indian Peninsula in Asia.

The wind direction changes obviously with the seasons in a year. When the summer monsoon comes, the equatorial air mass brings a lot of precipitation; The winter wind came, and the precipitation decreased obviously. The annual temperature is relatively high, with the annual average temperature above 20℃ and the annual rainfall mostly between 1500 ~ 2000mm.

tropical desert climate

Mainland and west coast roughly between the Tropic of Cancer and 30 north latitude, such as desert areas in northern Africa, Arabian Peninsula in Asia and desert areas in Australia.

Controlled by subtropical high or trade winds, tropical continental air masses prevail, with annual rainfall less than 125mm. The sun is strong and the temperature is extremely high.

Subtropical region

Roughly between 30 degrees south latitude and 40 degrees north latitude.

Subtropical monsoon climate and monsoon humid climate

Mainly distributed in the east coast of the mainland, such as south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains in China, North America, South America and southeast Australia.

The subtropical monsoon climate is hot in summer and warm in winter, with obvious seasonal changes. When the summer monsoon prevails, the tropical ocean air mass brings a lot of rainfall. When winter winds prevail, rainfall decreases due to the influence of polar continental air masses. The monsoon humid climate has a small temperature difference between winter and summer, and the precipitation is evenly distributed within one year.

the Mediterranean Sea

climate

Mainly located in the west coast of the mainland, such as the Mediterranean coast, the west coast of the continent between 30 and 40 latitude of North and South America, the southwest corner of the Australian continent and the African continent.

As far as the northern hemisphere is concerned, summer is controlled by the northward shift of subtropical high belt and influenced by tropical continental air mass, which is dry and hot; Winter is controlled by the westerly belt, with many cyclones, warm, wet and rainy. The annual precipitation is between 300 ~1000 mm.

temperate zone

Roughly between 40 degrees south latitude and 60 degrees north latitude.

Temperate seasonal climate

Mainly distributed in the eastern part of Asian continent, such as North China, Northeast China, Russian Far East, Japan and Korean Peninsula.

The wind direction is obvious, alternating between winter and summer. During the winter monsoon, it is cold and dry under the control of the polar continental air mass; During the summer monsoon, it is warm and rainy due to the influence of polar ocean air mass. The annual precipitation is between 500 and 600 mm.

Temperate continental climate

Mainly distributed in Eurasia and the inland areas of North America.

Controlled by the continental air mass all year round, it is dry and rainy. It is cold in winter and hot in summer, and the temperature changes greatly every year.

Temperate maritime climate

Mainly distributed in the west coast of western Europe, North America and South America.

The west wind prevails all year round, influenced by the ocean air mass, which is humid all year round and rainy in winter. In winter, Leng Xia is neither hot nor cold, and the annual change of temperature is small. The annual precipitation is generally between 700 ~1000 mm.

Subrigid zone

Near the South Arctic Circle

Subrigid continental climate

Mainly distributed in Europe, Asia and northern North America.

It is mainly controlled by the polar continental air mass and the polar ocean air mass. Winter is long and cold, and warm season is short; There is little precipitation, and it is concentrated in summer.

climate zone

latitude

Climate type

Distribution area

Climatic characteristics

frigid zone

Near the polar regions

tundra

climate

Mainly distributed in Eurasia and the Arctic Ocean coast of North America.

It's cold all year round, and it's winter. In the hottest month, the temperature only reaches 1 ~ 5℃, with less precipitation, more clouds and weak evaporation.

ice field

climate

Mainly distributed in the Antarctic continent and Greenland inland areas.

It is extremely cold all year round, and the monthly temperature is below 0℃, which is the lowest annual average temperature in the world. The average annual temperature in the Antarctic continent is about-29 ~-35 C, and the average annual temperature in the Arctic is lower than-22 C. ..

Plateau climate and mountain climate

Mainly distributed in high mountains and plateaus, such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Andes in South America.

With the increase of height, the vertical change of climate is very obvious. If the temperature decreases with the increase of height; The sun is strong and the wind is strong.