What kind of weather will cause more than 10 thousand deaths in a month?

Because people burn fossil fuels, such as oil and coal. Or cutting down and burning down forests will produce a lot of carbon dioxide, that is, greenhouse gases, which have a strong permeability to visible light emitted by the sun, a strong absorption to long-wave radiation emitted by the earth, and a strong absorption of infrared radiation from the ground, leading to an increase in the temperature of the earth, that is, the greenhouse effect. Global warming will redistribute global precipitation, melt glaciers and frozen soil and raise sea level, which will not only endanger the balance of natural ecosystems, but also threaten human survival.

Nowadays, the trend of global warming is very obvious. If this topic had been raised ten years ago, people might still question it, but today, this phenomenon has become an indisputable fact.

In the past, people only needed a fan to spend the summer. Now, they must have air conditioning to help them spend the summer safely. Greenhouse effect? It's never been so serious. However, if compared horizontally from a historical perspective, today's summer is not the hottest summer in history. It was the summer of eight years in Qianlong, and more than 10 thousand people died of heatstroke in Beijing alone. As we all know, there were no measurement symbols such as degrees Celsius at that time, so how did the ancients record the hottest summer? What do the relevant historical materials say?

The concept of temperature, Celsius, has only appeared for more than 100 years, so it is difficult for us to calculate the temperature in ancient summer with today's temperature measurement standard. From the point of view of modern meteorology, the temperature is not lower than 35 degrees Celsius, which means high temperature, and the continuous high temperature weather is called? Heat wave? This phenomenon was also called in ancient times? Heat disaster? . In ancient times, what was the most commonly used word to describe hot summer? July fire? This statement first came from the Book of Songs. In ancient times, this statement refers to the astronomical phenomena. Now most people generally understand it as? Summer heat? .

July fire? It's a concept in the weekly calendar, which is different from the summer calendar. The first month of the week calendar is 1 1 month of the summer calendar, which is just two months ahead of the summer calendar. So, what did the ancients say? July? It actually refers to June and July in summer. From the Book of Songs? July fire, September clothes? It can be seen that although the summer temperature is very high in the Western Zhou Dynasty, autumn clothes will be put on in February, and the seasonal temperature difference is very large. Although The Book of Songs is in the Zhou Dynasty, the creation time of most of its poems can be pushed back to the Shang Dynasty.

From the Shang Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, the Western Zhou Dynasty experienced only a brief cold, when the summer temperature was about two degrees higher than today. According to the meteorological data in China, the proportion of high temperature disasters in history is not high, and it and the first frost * * * account for about 1% of the total. However, from the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were many cases of extreme high temperature in summer. According to Old Tang Book, in 798 AD, there was a drought in summer, and all the wheat planted by the people died. In 908, the back beam appeared? Kangri? Phenomenon, that is, what people say now? Poisonous sun? .

During the Song Dynasty, it was even hotter in dog days. For example, written in Song Poetry "Two Poems in Dog Days"? It's been hot for more than ten days, and it's easy to smoke. It can be seen that the summer at that time was extremely sultry. Or as Chen Zao said in beginning of autumn? Hot as a cruel official? It also indirectly explained the abnormal high temperature in summer at that time. In the eighth year of Jiading, an unprecedented event happened in the Southern Song Dynasty? Heat disaster? It has spread widely, and Jiangsu, Hunan and Anhui have all been affected to varying degrees.

As the saying goes, the house leaks every night. This year, there happened to be another drought, crops failed in various places, and the people were in dire straits. What is mentioned in the history of Song Dynasty? May is a big day? You mean this time? Heat disaster? . ? Hey? It means warmth, and history books call it? Daxie? It is also because the weather is too hot. Because of the widespread drought, water prices rose all the way during the Southern Song Dynasty. According to "History of Song Dynasty", it cost tens of dollars to buy a glass of water at that time, about ten dollars, and now it is also a proper luxury. Water is as expensive as oil, and the poor naturally have no money to buy water, so many people died of thirst in the Southern Song Dynasty.

1743, the hottest summer in China has appeared. According to the collected meteorological records of China for three thousand years: This time? Heat disaster? Almost half of China, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi and other areas have unusually high temperatures, and many pedestrians on the road are killed by heat. According to Tianjin County Records: What year? May is bitter and hot, and gold flows from the masthead? Thick walls have also become hot, and the people are hungry and thirsty. Qingcheng county annals also recorded this matter:? In the drought, thousands of miles of equipment are hot, and passers-by are hot. ?

It can be seen that almost the whole of North China suffered at that time? Hot summer? Yes, the "Continued Donghua Record" is used more? Shu Wei? This word describes the hot weather at that time.

Song Junrong, a missionary from France, happened to be in Beijing that summer. For this unprecedented event in China? Heat disaster? He has a deep understanding. Song Junrong wrote in a letter to Paris:? Even the elderly who have lived in Beijing for decades have never seen such a hot summer as 1743. Many poor and obese people died suddenly because of the unusually high temperature. ?

According to the official statistics of the Qing court, only 1 July 743, more than110,000 people died of heatstroke in the suburbs of Beijing. Of course, if we add other areas in China, the actual number of people who died of heatstroke may be more. Successive deaths and injuries once caused social panic, because the form was critical, Emperor Qianlong had to order officials to distribute medicines in the streets to reduce the number of people who died of heatstroke.

According to the conversion analysis of China's climate research experts, the average daily temperature in July in Qianlong eight years exceeded 40 degrees Celsius, with the highest temperature reaching 44.4 degrees Celsius on July 25, and it is still firmly at the top of the extreme high temperature record list. Even in 1942, the extreme high temperature weather in North China was only 42.6 degrees Celsius, which was still lower than the high temperature weather in Qianlong for eight years.

In addition, as the emperor of the dynasty, the cold palace in the depths of Qianlong was too hot to stay, and as a result, he wrote a poem called "Hot" because it was too stuffy:

As we all know, it is cool in the mountains in the morning and evening. Now the situation in beginning of autumn is complicated.

How to turn the afternoon heat into a desperate attempt is suspected by the golden official.

The leaves of tung trees are about to fall, and the grass insects feel the sun.

Agricultural occupation in sunny and rainy days is like a lawsuit, and the original experience is rare.