Introduction to SLR

1, aperture is preferred when shooting portraits and landscapes.

Aperture priority is to manually define the aperture size, and the camera will decide the shutter speed according to this aperture value. Because the aperture directly affects the depth of field, this mode is most widely used in ordinary shooting. When taking portraits, I usually blur the background with a large aperture and a long focal length to get a shallow depth of field, which can highlight the subject.

At the same time, a larger aperture can also obtain a faster shutter value, thus improving the stability of hand-held shooting. When shooting scenery, I often use a smaller aperture, so that the depth of field is wider, which can make the distant and nearby scenery clear. This is also applicable when shooting at night.

2. Shutter priority is mostly used to shoot moving objects.

Such as sports, moving vehicles, waterfalls, flying objects, fireworks, water droplets and so on. Contrary to aperture priority, shutter priority is to obtain aperture value through camera metering when the shutter is defined manually. Shutter priority is mostly used to shoot moving objects, especially sports shooting.

Many friends find that when shooting moving objects, the subject is often blurred, mostly because the shutter speed is not fast enough. In this case, you can use the shutter priority mode, roughly determine a shutter value, and then shoot.

And the motion of the object is generally regular, then the shutter value can also be roughly estimated. For example, the shutter speed for photographing pedestrians is only1125 seconds, while it takes11000 seconds for photographing falling water droplets.

3. Portrait shooting

First of all, use telephoto, 3-4 times telephoto is very suitable for taking portraits, and the wide-angle end will make people look a little deformed and ugly. A telephoto of more than 4 times or even longer will make the face too flat and not vivid enough.

Secondly, the aperture takes precedence. Choosing a large aperture can make the shutter faster, reduce jitter and make the background as blurred as possible. It is best to choose spot metering, front spot metering and exposure locking. Because other metering methods are easily affected by the color of clothes, the face exposure is not normal.

Finally, the composition. Portraits should account for 1/3- 1/2, and faces should be above 1/3 (from bottom to top). The portrait taken in this way will be very vivid, have visual impact and make people look good.

4. How to shoot macro well

Shooting a good macro requires lighting and composition skills. What we need to master is how to shoot the macro clearly, not paste it. Just pay attention to the following two points. First, use a tripod. My hands are unstable and I always see a paste after zooming in, so the first one is to use a tripod. Secondly, use a selfie machine. We found that even if we use the bracket, when we press the shutter, we still bring jitter. The best way is to start the selfie machine.

5, the use of exposure compensation

Press the+-key and the exposure compensation adjustment bar will appear. Press the left and right keys to adjust the positive and negative compensation sum, one level at a time 1/3. After adjustment, press the+-key again to confirm. So, how to apply exposure compensation? Generally speaking, in a white environment, the photometry is low and needs to be increased, and vice versa.

1. When the shooting environment is dark and the brightness needs to be increased, the flash can be compensated for exposure and the exposure can be increased appropriately.

2. When the photographed white object looks gray or not white enough in the photo, the exposure should be increased. Simply put, it is "the whiter the better", which seems to run counter to the basic principles and habits of exposure, but it is not. This is because the camera's photometry often focuses on the central subject, and the white subject will make the camera mistakenly think that the environment is very bright, thus underexposure, which is also a common problem that most beginners are prone to make.

3. When you shoot in front of a very bright background, such as in front of a sunny window, in front of a backlit landscape, etc. , increase exposure or use flash.

When you shoot people on the beach, in the snow, in sunny places or in front of a white background, you should increase the exposure and use the flash, otherwise the subject will be very dark.

5. When shooting the snow scene, the background light is strongly reflected by the snow, and the photometric deviation of the camera is particularly large. Increase the exposure at this time, or the snow will turn gray.

6. When shooting black objects, reduce the exposure to make black look purer in the photos.

7. When you shoot in front of a black background, you also need to reduce the exposure to avoid overexposure of the subject.

8, night shooting, you should turn off the flash, improve the exposure value, by extending the exposure time of the camera to achieve gorgeous results, many people think that night shooting ability is very poor, in fact, not using the exposure method of the camera correctly is one of the important reasons.

9. When it is cloudy and foggy, the environment is still bright, but the illumination of the actual object is obviously insufficient. Without exposure compensation, the photo may be dim. Appropriate exposure compensation, plus 0,3 to 0,7, can make the brightness of the scene more natural.

Being good at applying and reasonably using exposure compensation can greatly improve the success rate of your photographic works, and take photos with clear pictures, appropriate brightness and comfortable viewing, thus improving the shooting quality.

6. Use grid lines skillfully to compose a picture.

We know that the golden ratio can give people beauty. Therefore, arranging the points of interest in the film on four focuses or dividing lines will give people a visual aesthetic feeling. Grid lines conveniently provide us with such a reference. In addition to the above attention to the composition of gold dots, we should also pay attention to the following points:

1, avoid straight lines running through both sides, especially avoid dividing the photo into two horizontal lines or vertical lines.

2. Treatment of the horizon. The horizon often appears in landscape works. In order to avoid the effect of dividing up and down, try to break the flatness of the horizon, such as using clouds, distant mountains, sunrises, sunsets or other buildings. In addition, the position of the horizon should also be arranged on the dividing line of the center of interest, and CX 1 should be kept horizontal (special creativity is another matter).

3. Leave a certain space in front of the moving object when shooting it. When the subject is moving, the viewer's eyes will habitually move in the direction of the subject's movement. If there is no space in front of the movement, it will give people a sense of oppression. In addition, usually the direction of the subject's gaze should also leave a relatively large space.

7. Shoot before sunset or on cloudy days

No matter day or night, we can get the desired effect, and the automatic white balance is very accurate. But only during the time around sunset, or in cloudy weather, the film is foggy, which is not ideal. In this case, the white balance needs to be adjusted. First switch to the manual gear at the beginning of P gear, press the function key, select cloudy day, and press the function key to confirm. If you are still not satisfied, please set manual white balance.

Brief introduction of SLR camera

First, how to take the camera

What? What about the camera? Yes, SLR cameras are heavy and the lens is long, so the attitude of the camera is very important. Holding the camera in the right posture is helpful for composition and prevents the camera from shaking.

Hold the lens with your left hand, hold the body with your right hand, and zoom and focus with your index finger and thumb. Keep your eyes close to the frame, keep your hands balanced, breathe evenly, take a picture by half pressing the shutter, and then press the shutter when you are finished.

Second, the basic SLR parameter settings

The shutter, aperture and sensitivity of SLR need to be set by themselves, which makes many people very confused. Today, I will introduce various parameter settings here.

① Depth of field

To put it bluntly, the depth of field is a relatively clear distance in depth. Remember that "the depth of field is large (deep) and the foreground background of the photo is clear; The depth of field is small (shallow), the foreground of the photo is clear, and the background is blurred. "

② Aperture

The function of the aperture is to control the amount of light entering, and the number after the letter "f" indicates the size of the aperture. Remember that "the bigger the number after f, the smaller the aperture, the less the amount of light, the greater the depth of field, and the clearer the photo;" The smaller the number after f is, the larger the aperture is, the more light enters, the smaller the depth of field is, and the background of the photo is blurred. "

③ Shutter speed

The faster the shutter speed, the shorter the exposure time, the less the amount of light, and the darker the picture, and vice versa. For beginners, the shutter speed must be guaranteed to be above the reciprocal of 2 times the focal length. For example, when the focal length is 30mm, your shutter speed is better than 1/60 seconds.

④ Sensitivity (ISO)

Increasing the sensitivity can increase the amount of light entering. For example, at the same shutter speed, if you increase the sensitivity, the photo will become brighter, and if you decrease the sensitivity, the photo will become darker. However, the higher the sensitivity, the more noise there is in the photo. In order to keep the photo quality sensitivity (ISO) below 800, many SLR 800' s are enough.

⑤ focal length

The shorter your focal length, the farther away you are from the subject, the greater the depth of field, and the clearer the picture, and vice versa. If the lens of your camera says 24- 105 mm, then the focal length of the lens is 24 mm-105 mm.

Step 6 expose

Exposure is easy to understand, that is, increasing the amount of light and reducing the amount of light, as shown in the red box below:

When you adjust the small rectangle below to 1-3, you increase the exposure compensation; Adjust the small rectangle to 1-(-3) to reduce exposure compensation.

As for the various documents and composition of the camera, these articles have already been introduced, so I won't say much here. Let's talk about photometry!

Photometry is to test the light before taking pictures. Luminance determines what the camera wants to see, whether it is bright or dark. When you half press the shutter, the camera will automatically measure the light. If you don't understand, you can clearly know by separating autofocus from automatic metering.

When measuring light, you can't point the camera at the bright part or the dark part, and grasp the middle value. Choose the metering mode according to the subject you are shooting.

If you are not sure about metering, you can lock the exposure, for example, lock the surrounding gray things before shooting.