Climatic characteristics of Mongolian plateau

The Mongolian Plateau has a temperate continental climate, with an average annual rainfall of about 200 mm (8 inches). The average temperature in the hottest month is quite different from that in the coldest month. For example, the average temperature in Ulaanbaatar 10 in October is -3 1℃(-24℉), while the average temperature in July is 16℃(6 1℉).

Winter in the Mongolian Plateau (165438+1October-April of the following year) is cold and long. January is the coldest month in a year. The local average temperature is between -30℃ and-15℃, and the lowest temperature can even reach -40℃, accompanied by heavy snow.

Spring (May-June) and autumn (9-65438+1October) are short, and there are often sudden weather changes. For example, in autumn, Mongolia has just had a crisp autumn, and suddenly there is a strong wind, flying sand and stones, and sometimes even heavy snow. In summer (July and August) in Mongolia, the temperature difference between day and night is large, with abundant sunshine and strong ultraviolet rays, up to 35℃. Strong winds and rapid weather changes are the most prominent features of Mongolia's climate.

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The water vapor of precipitation in the northern part of the Mongolian Plateau (Mongolia) mainly comes from the Arctic Ocean, and the precipitation decreases from north to south. The annual precipitation in the Selenger River basin in the north is 300 ~ 400 mm. Because of the low temperature, low evaporation and relatively humid climate, it should be a semi-humid area in climate division, with mountain coniferous forests of Siberian pine and Siberian larch distributed in the mountains.

In the northern part of Hande Yi Shan-Henty Yi Shan, the precipitation is mostly 200~300mm, which belongs to the forest and grassland belt, with abundant aquatic plants, grasses and weeds as the main pasture, and sparse larch forests dotted on the grassland.

The average annual precipitation is about 200 mm. Because the northern part of the Mongolian Plateau is affected by the water vapor of the Arctic Ocean and the eastern part by the water vapor of the Pacific Ocean, the precipitation is the highest in Sayanling and Kent Mountains in northern Mongolia, Daxing 'anling in Inner Mongolia and its eastern plain.

The annual total is about 300~400 mm, and with the increase of the distance from the ocean, the precipitation gradually decreases from north to south and from east to west, and the minimum precipitation is only about 100mm in the southwest where water vapor on the ocean surface is difficult to reach. The temperature distribution is basically consistent with precipitation, with relatively low temperatures in the humid areas in the north and east and relatively high temperatures in the arid areas in the southwest. ?

From the distribution of vegetation, from the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in Hohhot and Baotou, the grassland belt in Xilinhot, to the desert grassland belt in Erenhot. Affected by climate, vegetation covers forests, forest grasslands, typical grasslands, desert grasslands, Gobi deserts and typical grasslands from north to south, and the ecological environment is diverse and fragile.

Extended data:

Mongolian plateau is the core area of the rise and fall of nomadic people in grassland of China. Most of the nomadic people who once flourished lived here, or once controlled here, and then challenged the farming dynasty in the Central Plains to the south. Humans have lived here since ancient times, as evidenced by the Paleolithic and Neolithic sites excavated in this area in the 1970s.

Before the 9th century BC, there were tribes and nationalities such as Xiongnu, Donghu, Xianbei, Wuhuan, Rouran, Gaoche, Turkic, Uighur, Chajia Temple, Qidan, Shiwei/Mongolia.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Mongolian Plateau