What are the allusions to the origin of idiom stories?

One summer, Cao Cao led his army to crusade against Zhang Xiu. The weather is unusually hot, the sun is like fire, and there is not a cloud in the sky. The troops walked on the winding mountain road, and the dense trees and rocks scorched by the sun on both sides made people breathless. By noon, the soldiers' clothes were soaked, the marching speed slowed down, and several weak soldiers fainted on the side of the road.

Cao Cao was worried that the marching speed was getting slower and slower, and that the fighter plane would be delayed. However, at present, tens of thousands of people can't even drink water. How can we speed up? He immediately called the guide and asked him quietly, "Is there a water source near here?" The guide shook his head and said, "The spring is on the other side of the valley. It's a long detour. " Cao Cao thought for a moment and said, "No, it's too late." He looked at the forest in front of him, thought for a moment, and said to the guide, "Don't say anything, I'll think of something." He knew that even if he ordered the troops to speed up at the moment, it would not help. A brainwave, the solution came. He grabbed the horse by the stomach and quickly rushed to the front of the team. Pointing at the front with a whip, he said, "Soldiers, I know there is a large area of Merlin in front, where the plums are big and delicious. Let's hurry around this hill and get to Meilin! " Hearing this, the soldiers seemed to eat it in their mouths, and their spirits were greatly boosted, and their pace could not help but accelerate a lot.

This is the origin of the idiom "looking at plum to quench thirst", which is used to describe that a wish cannot be realized and you can only comfort yourself with fantasy or big talk.

2. Return to Zhao from the city wall

During the Warring States Period, the Prince of Zhao accidentally got a piece of Baoyu and Choi. After hearing about it, the king of Qin wanted to keep this jade for himself, so he sent someone to see Zhao, telling him that Qin was willing to exchange fifteen cities with Zhao for this jade. Zhao Wang was reluctant, but because Zhao was weak, he dared not offend Qin Wang. He was afraid that if the king of Qin was unhappy, he would send troops to attack Zhao. For this matter, the prince of Zhao broke his brain.

Lin Xiangru, the minister, knew about it and volunteered to take Cui to the State of Qin. He knew that although the king of Qin liked this jade, he didn't want to exchange it with the fifteen cities at all. When he arrived in the state of Qin, Lin Xiangru hugged He Shibi and said loudly to the king of Qin, "If you want to rob me of this treasure jade regardless of your own credit, I will bump into a pillar in the palace and believe that this treasure jade will be broken! Although the king of Qin was very angry, he was afraid that he really hit the pillar and damaged Baoyu, and he didn't dare to make a move at all. Later, while the king of Qin was not paying attention, Lin Xiangru sent someone to send Cui back overnight. Although the king of Qin was angry, he had to let Lin Xiangru go, because he knew that he was not aboveboard enough, for fear that it would become a laughing stock.

People use the metaphor of "returning the wall to Zhao" to return the original work to its original owner intact.

fight only on paper—be an armchair strategist

During the Warring States Period, Zhao Kuo, the son of Zhao She, a famous soldier of Zhao, read many art books when he was young and often talked about fighting in front of people. Even his father Zhao She could not resist him. Many people think he is very talented, but his father thinks he talks big and can't take on heavy responsibilities.

On one occasion, Qin attacked Zhao. Lian Po, the general of Zhao, adopted the method of building a base and sticking to it. Later, the prince of Zhao listened to the rumors spread by the State of Qin, thinking that Lian Po was old and frail, so he sent Zhao Kuo instead of Lian Po. When Zhao Kuo went to the front, he copied the dogma in Sun Tzu's Art of War and completely changed Lian Po's plan for a lasting war of resistance. General Qin was very happy to hear the news, so he first cut off the back road of Zhao's grain transportation, and then surrounded Zhao. When Zhao Ranjun ran out of food, Zhao Kuo tried to break through and was shot dead by Qin Jun. More than 400,000 Zhao troops were wiped out at once.

The idiom "an armchair strategist" means an armchair strategist, that is, to talk about war strategy in words. After metaphor and the actual situation unrealistic empty talk.

4. Call a deer a horse

Qin Ershi's prime minister, Zhao Gao, is ambitious, planning to usurp the throne all day long. However, he doesn't know how many people can be at his mercy and how many people are against him. So he thought of a way to test his prestige and find out who dared to oppose him.

One day, Zhao Gao brought a deer into the palace and said to Qin Ershi with a big smile, "Your Majesty, I will give you a good horse." Qin Ershi looked at it and thought: This is not a horse, this is obviously a deer! He smiled and said to Zhao Gao, "The Prime Minister has made a mistake. There is a deer here. How can you say it's a horse? " Zhao Gao said with a straight face: "Please see clearly, this is indeed a swift horse." Qin Ershi looked at the deer again and said incredulously, "Why does a horse have horns on its head?" Zhao Gao turned around, pointed to the ministers and said loudly, "Your Majesty can ask the ministers if you don't believe me."

Ministers were all at a loss by Zhao Gao's nonsense, and whispered privately: What is this Zhao Gao doing? It's obviously a deer or a horse! Ministers see Zhao Gao sinister smile on his face, eyes staring at Zhao Gao in turn, eyes staring at everyone in turn, suddenly understand Zhao Gao's intention.

Some timid people with a sense of justice bow their heads and dare not speak, because telling lies is sorry for their conscience, and telling the truth is afraid of being hurt by Zhao Gao in the future. Some honest people insist that it is manual rather than horse. There are also some adulterers who usually follow Zhao Gao closely and immediately support Zhao Gao's statement and say to the emperor, "This is indeed a swift horse!"

Afterwards, Zhao Gao punished those honest ministers who did not obey him by various means, and even copied them.

The idiom "referring to a deer as a horse" is a metaphor for deliberately reversing right and wrong and confusing black and white.

It's snowing at the gate.

Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi were famous Neo-Confucianists in Song Dynasty. Jinshi Shi Yang, in order to enrich his knowledge, resolutely gave up his high position and wealth, and went to Yingchang, Henan Province to worship Cheng Hao as a teacher, asking for advice modestly. Later, when Cheng Hao died, he went to Luoyang to learn from Cheng Hao's younger brother Cheng Yi.

One day, he and his friend You Zuo went to Cheng's house to visit Cheng Yi, but they met Mr. Cheng who was closing his eyes. At this time, it began to snow outside. The two men's desire for the teacher made them stand respectfully and refused to leave. As soon as Cheng opened his eyes, the snow outside had accumulated more than a foot thick, and two people were still standing there.

The original meaning of "standing in front of Cheng Yi in the snow" is: standing in front of it. Used to describe respecting teachers and asking for advice sincerely.

6. Bian Wei Three Musts

Confucius liked reading Zhouyi in his later years.

There was no paper in the Spring and Autumn Period, and words were written on pieces of bamboo slips. A book uses a lot of bamboo slips, and these bamboo slips can only be read if they are woven together with cooked cowhide ropes. Usually roll it up and put it away, and open it when you look at it. The Book of Changes is difficult to understand and obscure. Confucius read it over and over again. In this way, the cowhide rope of bamboo slips has been worn off many times (Bian Wei Sanjue).

Even after reading these, Confucius was still not satisfied, saying, "If I can live a few more years, I can know more about the words and contents of Zhouyi."

"Bian Wei's Three Musts" describes diligent study.

7. Smell the chicken dancing

Zu Ti in Jin Dynasty was an open-minded and ambitious person. But he was a naughty boy when he was a child and didn't like reading. When he entered his youth, he realized his lack of knowledge and felt that he could not serve his country without studying, so he began to study hard. He read widely and studied history carefully, so he began to study hard. He read widely and studied history carefully, from which he learned a wealth of knowledge and made great progress. He has been in and out of Luoyang, Kyoto for many times, and people who have contacted him say that Zu Ti is a talented person who can assist the emperor in governing the country. When Zu Ti was 24 years old, he was recommended as a lawyer, but he didn't agree. He still studies tirelessly.

Later, Zu Ti and his childhood friend Liu Kunyi became the main book of Sizhou. He and Liu Kun have deep feelings. They not only share the same bed, but also share the same lofty ideal: to make contributions, revitalize the state of Jin and become a pillar of the country.

Once, in the middle of the night, Zu Ti heard the cock crow in his sleep. He kicked Liu Kun awake and said to him, "Everyone else thinks it's unlucky to hear a rooster crow in the middle of the night. I don't think so. How about we get up and practice swords when we hear chickens crow in the future? " Liu Kun readily agreed. So every day after the rooster crows, he gets up to practice his sword, and the light of the sword flies and the sound of the sword is sonorous. Spring goes to winter, cold goes to summer, and it never stops. Many things happen. After long and arduous study and training, they finally became generalists who can write good articles and lead troops to win the battle. Zu Ti was named General Zhenxi, realizing his desire to serve the country. Liu Kun became the commander-in-chief in charge of military affairs in Hebei and Youzhou, and also gave full play to his literary talent and military talent.

"Smell the chicken and dance" is a metaphor for the spirit of people with lofty ideals to work hard and serve the country.