Short-term climate prediction: listening to the wind helps you know the rain.

Read the following article and complete the question 1-6.

Short-term climate prediction: help you "hear the wind and know the rain"

(1) Short-term climate forecast, is there a weather forecast on TV every day? If you think so, you are all wet. We listened to the weather forecast, and within three to five days, the temperature, temperature and wind were "under control", which greatly facilitated our daily life. However, in the cool summer, do you want to know whether this winter is cold or not? Should we predict whether there will be floods next summer in the cold winter? That depends on "short-term climate prediction".

(2) China is a country with frequent natural disasters. The direct economic losses caused by climate disasters such as drought, flood, high temperature and cold damage are about 654.38 billion yuan per year, with an average death toll of more than 6,000 people. At the same time, China is a big agricultural country, and agriculture depends on the weather, so weather forecast is particularly important. Therefore, in the past five years, the key projects of climate prediction in the Ninth Five-Year Plan have attracted more than 400 researchers from 105 units across the country. This project is "Research on Short-term Climate Prediction System in China".

(3) Compared with the long-term climate prediction, the short-term climate prediction makes the climate analysis in the next 50 years and 100 extremely difficult. And "short-term" is not as short as the weather forecast. Its time concept is not "day", but "month", "season", "half a year" and "year". What it has to undertake is to help the national decision-making departments understand and master the climate change in the next few months or a year, and reduce unnecessary losses of people and property.

(4) For example, when it will be colder in the coming winter, the oil exploration department will decide when the oil well needs to be closed. A little slower, the ice will split the tubing like a knife; How cold the weather is, it can be predicted whether some bays will freeze, and whether it is necessary to dispatch icebreakers and other means of transportation as soon as possible; The agricultural sector can also choose the crop varieties to be sown next year in advance according to the predicted climate change. Even next year's output of air conditioners and even fans and drinks will always depend on the "face" of "short-term climate forecast". In agriculture, water conservancy, cultural communication, industry and so on. The role of short-term climate pre-cutting is everywhere, and it is not an exaggeration to say that it is closely related to the lives of ordinary people.

⑤ India has been making short-term climate prediction 100 years, while Japan and Russia have been doing it for 70 or 80 years. Compared with this, China's "qualifications" in this respect are not short. 1958, China issued the "long-term climate forecast" for the first time, which is the predecessor of the "short-term climate forecast". Over the past 40 years, China has accumulated a lot of experience. Until the 1990s, China was in a state of scattered research and never commercialized it. In other words, a complete forecasting system has not been established.

Every progress in scientific research will not come from one or two people overnight. The forecast system includes all kinds of climate data collected from all countries in the world, and then a complex model system, including the forecast of the atmosphere, the coupling model of ocean and atmosphere, the refinement of China and its adjacent areas, the forecast of El Ni? o system, etc ... All this means a long and arduous process. After five years' efforts, the "Study on China Short-term Climate Prediction System" has finally been completed.

⑦ As the most important scientific and technological project in the Ninth Five-Year Plan, China short-term climate prediction system accurately predicted the floods of the Yangtze River and Songhua River and the flood season in 2000 in "1988". At present, the system is used in the annual, monthly, quarterly, annual and interannual climate prediction business in the National Climate Center.

Compared with weather forecast, short-term climate forecast faces more uncertainty. What makes you judge whether the next season is hot or cold, drought or waterlogging? Even if you master the signs and calculate carefully, you may have to face some unpredictable variables.

Pet-name ruby1988 accurately forecast the flood because we caught some important signs in time: 1997 winter, there was frequent snowfall on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and at the same time, "El Nino phenomenon" frequently visited our country. Scientists made complicated calculations through many models in the system, thus judging that the flood occurred in the second year. This system mainly focuses on flood season forecast, and informs the relevant decision-making departments of the results of summer flood forecast in April each year. There are still different opinions on whether there will be drought and rainy this summer.

Attending the unpredictable weather, short-term climate prediction is by no means omnipotent, and meteorological science can only make progress by constantly correcting mistakes. (Selected from China Youth Daily on May 3 1, 20065438)

1. What does this article mainly focus on "short-term climate prediction"?

A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

2. This article begins with a rhetorical question. What should I say if I don't have to ask questions? What are the advantages of the author using rhetorical questions?

A: Rewrite the sentence: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Benefits: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3. According to the third paragraph, give the definition of short-term climate prediction with "yes" sentences.

A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate related words.

In order: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5. Write two synonyms and an antonym for "unpredictable" in the tenth paragraph. If you can write more correctly, you can add 1 point for each additional one, with a maximum of 2 points.

6. The article says: "Whether there will be drought or rainy this summer, there are still different opinions." "Short-term climate prediction is by no means omnipotent. Only by constantly correcting mistakes can meteorological science continue to improve. " Through these words, what do you know about meteorological research itself or explanatory text? (4 points)

A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

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1 explains the concept, characteristics, causes and prospects of short-term climate prediction, focusing on the development and achievements of short-term climate prediction in China. Short-term climate forecast is not just the weather forecast broadcast on TV every day. Arouse readers' attention and thinking, attract readers' interest in reading, and naturally lead to the object of this article. Short-term climate forecast is a short-term climate forecast to predict the climate in the next few months or a year in order to reduce unnecessary losses of people and property. It is changeable, unfathomable and unchangeable. 5. Things need to be summarized constantly to explain, the content of the article must be accurate and true, and the language must be accurate and thorough.