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Ruili is the birthplace of ancient Mongolian and Maoism. According to the Dai history book Hey Meng, in 364 BC, the kingdom of Meng Zhanbi was established in Ruili. Qin and Han Dynasties were mourning prisons. The Tang Dynasty belongs to Yongchang. Song belongs to Tengyue Mansion in Dali. 1276 (thirteen years from Yuan to Yuan) established Luchuan Road Military and Civilian Command. 1382 (15th year of Ming Hongwu), Pingping, Department of Propaganda and Comfort, Myanmar; 1596 (24th year of Ming Wanli), Lucheng, Jianping. 1604 (thirty-two years of Wanli), the department of appeasement of ignorance was established. 1659 (16th year of Qing Shunzhi) There was still Meng Maoping's Fu Department, which was placed under Tengyue Hall. 19 12, to establish Mengfu members; 1932 was renamed Ruili administration bureau; 1942, the Japanese army invaded Ruili, and the staff of the administrative bureau evacuated; 1945 1 month, the Chinese Expeditionary Force recovered the lost land in western Yunnan, Ruili recovered it, and still resumed the administrative bureau.

1950 In April, Ruili was peacefully liberated and a democratic coalition government of all ethnic groups was established. 1952, Ruili county was approved by the State Council, the central people's government. On June 26th, 1992, Ruili was established with the approval of the State Council. In August 2000, with the approval of the State Planning Commission, Gao Jie established a border trade zone. In July 2002, the Nongdao Economic Development Zone was cancelled.

1999 1.2, the State Council approved the revocation of Wan Ding and placed Chengguan Town, Banban Township and Mangbang Township under the jurisdiction of Ruili City. On February 8, Wanmachi City was officially abolished and Wanmachi Economic Development Zone (deputy county level) was established. Jurisdiction over 1 Town 8 townships: Mengmao Town, Jiele Township, Xiang Jie Township, Nongdao Township, Mengxiu Township, Huyu Township, Chengguan Town, Manbang Township and Mixed Board Township.

In 2000, Ruili administered 3 towns and 6 townships.

By the end of 2002, Ruili had jurisdiction over border trade zone, Wan Ding Economic Development Zone, Ruili Border Economic Cooperation Zone, three towns of Mengmao, Nongdao and Chengguan, and six towns of Mangbang, Banban, Jiele, Xiang Jie, Huyu and Meng Xiu. 7 offices and 24 administrative villages in Chengguan, Gao Jie, Unity, Jiegang, Mengmao, Yinhe and Ruihong; 229 cooperatives and 274 natural villages. State-owned Ruili Farm Industry Group Company has six branches, namely Mengmao, Harmony, Nongdao, Lei Yun, Kalan and Mori. State-owned Wan Ding Farm is located in Banxiang, which has 9 production teams.

June 5438 +2005 10, the provincial government officially approved the cancellation of Jiele Township in Ruili City, and its administrative area was merged into Mengmao Town. After the adjustment of administrative divisions, Mengmao Town was under the jurisdiction of the original Mengmao Town and Jiele Township, and the town government was stationed in the original Jiele Township Government. It is agreed to cancel Mangbang Township and Mixed Board Township, and their administrative areas will be merged into Chengguan Town. After the adjustment of administrative divisions, Chengguan Town will be renamed Wanding Town. The newly established Wanding Town will be under the jurisdiction of the original Chengguan Town, Mangbang Township and Mixed Board Township, and the town government will be stationed in the original Chengguan Town Government.

Ruili scenery

Ruili is located in the southwest of Dehong Prefecture. It borders Myanmar in the northwest, southwest and southeast. Located in the south extension of Gaoligong Mountain in Hengduan Mountains, the terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. It's located at number 97. 3 1' ~ 98. 02' 23 E. 38 ′ ~ 24. North latitude14 ′. This plot is 752km away from Kunming, the provincial capital, and 0/03km away from mangshi, the state capital. It is the end of National Highway 320 from Shanghai Xida Ruili in the east and the intersection of Kunming-Ruili Highway and China-India Highway (Stilwell Road). Luxi in the east, Longchuan in the north, Myanmar mountains and rivers in the northwest, southwest and southeast, and villages are opposite. [2]?

climate

Ruili belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, with dry season and rainy season all year round, basically frost-free, with annual average temperature of 2 1℃, annual precipitation of 1, 394.8 mm and annual average sunshine of 2,330 hours. There is no cold in winter, no heat in summer, and flowers and fruits in all seasons, which is a rare hot land. In 2008, the average annual temperature in Ruili was slightly higher, the annual rainfall was slightly more, the annual sunshine hours were normal, and the lighting conditions were better. There is mild flower drought in summer, low temperature and rainy weather in autumn and high forest fire risk in winter. The annual average temperature is 20.8℃, the annual extreme maximum temperature is 34. 1℃ and the annual extreme minimum temperature is 5.5℃. In which: in winter (1February ~ February), the average temperature is14.9℃; In spring (March-May), the average temperature is 22.3℃; In summer (June to August), the average temperature is 24.2℃; In autumn (September ~165438+1October), the average temperature is 2 1.7℃. The annual total precipitation is1565.8mm, of which the winter precipitation is 56? 8 mm; Spring precipitation is 236.0 mm; The summer precipitation is 841.0 mm; Autumn precipitation is 428? Five millimeters. The rainy season begins in May of 17 and ends in 10/0/0/0. The sunshine hours in the whole year were 2350.7 hours, 35. 1 hour more than in previous years. Among them, the sunshine hours in winter are 64 1.8 hours; The sunshine hours in spring are 707.4 hours; The sunshine hours in summer are 378.7 hours; The sunshine hours in autumn are 608.0 hours. [3]?

3 administrative division editor

Ruili has jurisdiction over Gao Jie Border Trade Zone, Wan Ding Economic Development Zone Area II, Mengmao Town, Wanding Town, Nongdao Town, Xiang Jie, Mengxiu Township and Huyu Township, with Ruifeng, Munao, Menglongsha, Friendship, Luchuan, Xing 'an, Maoxiang, Guomen, Zhu Min Street, Heping National Defense Street and Jianshe Road. State-owned Ruili Farm Industrial Company has six branches, namely Mengmao, Harmony, Nongdao, Lei Yun, Kalan and Sen. [4]? The government is located in Mengmao Town.

4 population ethnic editor

20 1 1 At the end of the year, the total population of the city (including China residents who have lived in Ruili for more than half a year) was more than 200,000, of which the urban population was 1 19700. Of the total population, there are 76,800 ethnic minorities, including 55,200 Dai, 0.340 Jingpo/Kloc-0, 0.7899 De 'ang/Kloc-0, 840 Lisu and 44 Achang/Kloc-0. The population density is per square kilometer 178 people.

put on

Dai style

Dai is one of the main ethnic groups living in Ruili. The Dai people in Xiang Jie, Nongdao, Mengmao, sanxiang town, Ruili and other places along the Ruili River are mostly indigenous, and some of them have moved in from other places. Due to regional differences, the Dai people in this area are generally divided into three branches: Dai Le, Dai Mao and Dai De. Dai Le refers to the Dai people above, that is, the Dai people who moved in from the north or the east. Living customs and housing are similar to those of the Han nationality in western Shandong, also known as Handai, and the main settlement is Mengmao Town. Dai Mao, that is, a descendant who lives in the local area, still retains the original customs of the Dai people, and likes to live in a bamboo building with a terrace in the trunk. Dai De refers to the following Dai people, that is, the Dai people who moved from Myanmar to Ruili, also known as "Shui Dai", whose customs are close to Dai Mao. They mainly live in Xiang Jie Township, Nongdao Town and Mengmao Town along the coast of Ruili River. Dai Mao and Dade have no surnames, but are related by blood, especially maternal blood. Their names are Naiming and Pagamin. In addition to wearing a hat and Dade, Dai Le also used a milk name and a Paga name. Because I study Chinese, I have to take a scientific name with a surname. Ruili Dai language belongs to Zhuang Dai language branch of Zhuang Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. The Dai languages used are "Litowa" and "Lidongman", among which Dai Le learns Chinese or "Litowa", Dai Mao learns "Liduoman", and Dade learns "Liduoman" and Burmese. [5]?

Jingpo

Jingpo nationality originated from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is a descendant of Bianqiang. About a thousand years ago, Jingpo ancestors moved south along Jinsha River, Nujiang River and Enmeikai River, and gradually settled in the mountainous areas around Dehong in the17th century, with a history of more than 300 years. [5]?

Jingpo

Jingpo people have their own language and writing. Jingpo language belongs to Jingpo branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, and all characters are spelled in Latin letters (Jingpo language and Zawa language). The word "Jingpo" comes from Jingpo branch, which was originally interpreted as "human". Now it is not only a branch claiming to be Jingpo, but also a branch in Wa, Long 'e, Qi Le and Bora, which are collectively called "Jingpo". Jingpo people living in Ruili are mainly in Wazhi and Jingpo branches. Its dialects are Jingpo dialect and Zaiwa (Longzhun) dialect, and a few Qile and Crocodile dialects are similar to Zaiwa branch. Jingpo nationality is one of the main nationalities in Ruili. In 2008, the Jingpo population in the city was 138 16, accounting for 8.2% of the total population in the city. It is mainly distributed in mountainous areas from east to west, starting from Dengga across the river from Myanmar in the west, ending in Li Meng in Luxi, and connecting with Longchuan in the east. From the distribution of branches, Jingpo branch mainly lives in Dengga, Leinong and Hulan; The branches of the dragon mainly live in Meng Xiu and Nanjing. Qi Le lives in Li Meng and Nanjing; There are a large number of people carrying Wa branches, which are distributed in Huyu, Ban Ling, Nongxian, Dengzha, Mengdian, Huwa and other places.

The dishes of Jingpo nationality, "leek" can be described as a must, because of its unique style, it is very popular.

Jingpo clothing. Among the costumes of 56 ethnic groups in China, the costumes of Jingpo ethnic group are dazzling, especially those of women. Miss Jingpo captured all the eye-catching colors. The red dress was skillfully woven by the girl, and various patterns and patterns with national flavor and characteristics were skillfully woven on the floor. The coat with a black background is dotted with many white silver bubbles, silver pieces and silver pendants, which have a distinctive style. This is one of the more traditional costumes, and other casual clothes and new costumes can be seen at Munao Zongge Festival.

The marriage of Jingpo nationality belongs to the one-way marriage of aunts, uncles and cousins. That is, my uncle's daughter is my aunt's daughter-in-law On the contrary, an aunt's daughter can never marry an uncle's son, which is the marriage rule that the blood of Jingpo people does not flow back. Their marriage is usually based on family name, not limited to family, which forms the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren in Jingpo society. There are about five marriage forms of Jingpo nationality, among which "Fanben" is married by the media, "Fanzhen" is soliciting customers, "Fanlu" is robbing relatives, "Dong Fan" is betraying the bride, and "Fankao" is the most formal and orthodox marriage form. [5]?

Jingpo people entertain guests, who enter the house, stay overnight and treat them like family. Jingpo people have many taboos. I used to go to Jingpo's house to play. After entering the room, they took off their shoes and went upstairs. After entering the house, you can't stand without sitting for a long time, and you are not allowed to go in and out of the jaws of death of ancestors and gods. Don't touch the sacrificial stakes in front of others' houses, and don't touch the long knives and guns worn on others' shoulders; Do not shoot, cut down trees or urinate near official temples and sacred trees; Don't fart in front of people, otherwise it is considered impolite to people; Don't go into the master's bedroom without the master's permission, and don't look at other people's bags without the master's permission. When riding into the village, you must dismount. During the period of offering sacrifices to the official temple, the whole village rested and did not work to show respect for the gods. In the meantime, people from other villages can only enter but not leave.