Who knows the life habits of azaleas?

The scientific name of rhododendron simsii &; R.spp aliases include Yingshanhong, Shan Shiliu, Fusang, Hibiscus, Fusang and so on. It belongs to Ericaceae and Ericaceae, and is one of the top ten famous flowers in China.

Among all ornamental flowers and trees, it can be called beautiful flowers and beautiful leaves, which is suitable for ground planting and potted plants. Rhododendron is the most widely used. Bai Juyi praised: "Holding two branches in your hand is not like something in the world. This thing in the flower is beauty, and the hibiscus and peony are all in Mo Mu. " In the natural distribution of rhododendrons in the world, no one can compare with China in terms of species and quantity. China is a treasure house of rhododendron resources in the world! Today, as many as seven or eight cities in Jiangxi, Anhui, Guizhou and other places regard azaleas as provincial flowers and designate them as city flowers, which shows that people love azaleas deeply. Du Juanhua is a big genus, with more than 900 species in the world, distributed in Europe, Asia and North America, among which Asia has the most, with 850 species, of which China has more than 530 species, accounting for 59% of the world's species, especially in Hengduan Mountain area of Yunnan, Tibet and Sichuan provinces, which is the origin and distribution center of rhododendron in the world.

There are many species in Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, Myanmar and northern India in the Himalayas, but there are few species in Japan, Korea, Siberia and Caucasus. In addition, there are about 280 species in New Guinea-Malaysia region, which is the secondary distribution center of rhododendron. Among them, there are more than 65,438+060 species in New Guinea, more than 65,438+000 species in Indonesia, and 65,438+00-20 species in Philippines, Vietnam and Malay Peninsula. Because this area is a tropical island mountain with humid climate, the rhododendrons produced are almost epiphytic shrubs, and their seeds have peculiar filiform long tail appendages, forming a special type of tropical mountain. There are only 24 species in North America, distributed along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States, as well as Canada, Alaska and Greenland. There are only 9 species in Europe, and a few are distributed around the North Pole. There is only 1 species in Oceania, which is distributed in Queensland, northern Australia and belongs to tropical alpine type.

Through the investigation and study of modern botanists, the distribution of the flowers of Eucommia ulmoides in China has been basically clear. There are many species in Jiangnan, but few species in Jiangbei. Yunnan is the largest, followed by Tibet and Sichuan. The farther away from this center, the fewer species there are. Xinjiang and Ningxia belong to arid desert areas and have no natural distribution. The species number of rhododendron in each province (region) is as follows: Yunnan 257 species, Tibet 174 species, Sichuan 152 species, Guangxi 75 species, Guangdong 35 species, Guizhou 43 species, Hunan 37 species, Fujian 35 species, Taiwan Province 30 species, Jiangxi 27 species, Hubei 27 species, Zhejiang/KL species. 5 species in Jilin, 4 species in Jiangsu, 4 species in Liaoning, 4 species in Heilongjiang, 3 species in Inner Mongolia, 2 species in Shandong, and 0 species in Henan, Hebei and Shanxi. Vertical distribution, the highest altitude is 4500-5000 meters.

Rhododendron forms different morphological characteristics in different natural environments, with wide differences. There are evergreen Da Qiao trees, small trees, evergreen shrubs and deciduous shrubs. Some trunks are stout, up to more than 20 meters, and some are prostrate, cushioned or epiphytic, with a height of only 10-20 cm. The basic form is: the trunk is upright, solitary or clustered; Branches alternate or pseudowhorled.

Branches and leaves with or without hair, branches and pedicels with or without scales; Leaves are multiform, but not strip-shaped, whole, with few serrations, leathery or papery, evergreen, semi-evergreen or deciduous, with or without fragrance; Flowers are terminal, lateral or axillary, single, few or more than 20 integrated umbels. The leaves open first or later, and the corolla is remarkable. Funnel-shaped, bell-shaped, radial rod-shaped bell-shaped, dish-shaped to bowl-shaped or tubular, with 4-5 petals and 6- 10 petals; Rich and colorful; There are dark spots or faint in the throat; There are nectaries or no nectaries at the base; Aroma or tasteless; Flower statue cup-shaped, 4-5-lobed, persistent; Stamens are 5- 10, rarely 10-25, with different lengths, filaments with or without hairs, medicated, apical foramen cracked, ovary superior, 5- 10 room, style and ovary with or without hairs, glands or without; Pumpkin splits into 5- 10 petals, with many seeds, mostly powdery or chaff-like. All genera of the original species are divided into 5 subgenera and 8 groups, of which 3 groups are divided into 58 subgroups, and there are species under the group. Namely:

1. The subgenus of rhododendron is 1. The evergreen scale-free rhododendron flora is divided into 24 subgroups.

2. The subgenus of rhododendron evergreen is 1. Rhododendron evergreen is divided into 27 subgroups. 2. Rhododendron bearded hair group 3. Rhododendron Vaccinium can be divided into 7 subgroups.

3. There are only 1 species in China.

Four. Subgenus Ardisia 1. Short calyx group 2. Ardisia group.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Lonicera macranthoides 1. Sect. Lonicera macranthoides II. Sect. Rhododendron longipes

The first, second and fifth subgenus mentioned above are customarily called evergreen rhododendrons, and the third and fourth subgenus are called deciduous rhododendrons.

Several evergreen rhododendrons are introduced as follows:

Rhododendron Maying: Alias: Ma Yinghua, Maying, Niuhua, Dog Flower, Camellia, Honey Flower. Evergreen shrub to tree, the height of the tree is 2-15m, DBH is 40cm, the bark is grayish brown, the maggots are thick, irregular and flaky. The leaves are leathery, oblong and lanceolate, and the back is densely covered with gray-white to brown spongy fluff. Flowering from February to May, with a terminal spherical umbel with 10-20 flowers. Corolla bell-shaped, 3.5-5 cm long, fleshy, deep rose red, stamen 10, ovary 10. 10- 1 1 is ripe. Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and other provinces are also distributed in Myanmar.

Yunjin Rhododendron: alias Tianmu Rhododendron and Yunjin Flower. Evergreen shrub, 2-4 meters tall, with stout light green branchlets. Thick leathery leaves, oblong to oblong ovoid or obovate, dark green leaves, light green back, glabrous. Flowering in May, the terminal umbel has 6- 12 flowers, fragrant, funnel-shaped bell-shaped corolla, 4-5 cm long, 7-9 cm in diameter, pale pink, 7 lobes, round pistil 14, ovary 10 room, pedicels, flowers, corolla base. 10- 1 1 is ripe. Many seeds, bran-like. In Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Sichuan and other places, in recent years, Kangzhou, Wuxi, Shanghai and other places have successfully introduced garden planting.

Rhododendron grandiflora: also known as the whole flower of Dashan dog. Evergreen Da Qiao Ben, 25 meters high, DBH 60 cm, with a maximum base diameter of 3 meters. The bark is light dark brown and flaky; Branchlets are stout and covered with light gray felt. The leaves are leathery, oblong to oblanceolate, 24-34 cm long, blunt at the top, wide wedge at the base, dark green on the surface and light green on the back. From February to March, the terminal umbel has 24 flowers, the corolla is bell-shaped, the length is 5.5-8cm, the diameter is 6-8cm, it is water red, the lobes are 8 and round, there are 8 honey sacs at the base, the stamens are 65,438+06, the ovary is 65,438+06 rooms, and it is densely tomentose. The fruiting period is 10- 1 1 month. In the evergreen broad-leaved monsoon forest in Gaoligongshan Mountain, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province at an altitude of 2,400-2,600 meters, G Forresst, an Englishman, collected it for the first time at the head of Tengchong River in 19 15, and sawed it into a wooden disc with a diameter of 2.6 meters and an annual ring of 280 years. It is now in the British Museum in London and published as New Species 1926. This is the tallest azalea tree in the world, and it is known as "the king of azaleas".

Ma: Also known as Rhododendron ovatum and Qingming Flower. Evergreen shrub, 2-4 meters high. Leaves leathery, broadly ovate, 3-3.5 cm long, pointed at the top and rounded at the base. Flowering from March to May, the flowers are solitary in leaf axils, pink, rose red, lavender or purplish white, 5-lobed, 3 cm in diameter, hairy throat, 5 stamens, and 5-loculed ovary. Fruit-bearing period: August -65438+ 10. It is found in the shady forests or valley bushes in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces at an altitude of 500-1200m. Horticultural Varieties At present, there are about 200 to 300 horticultural varieties widely cultivated in China, because their main pedigree is rhododendron. Although it does not shed leaves in winter, it still belongs to the category of deciduous rhododendron. According to morphology, personality, parents and origin, it can be divided into four types: Dong Juan, Mao Juan, Xi Juan and Xia Juan.

Dong Juan: That's the Oriental Rhododendron, because it comes from Japan. Also known as Shiyan, Rhododendron cinnabaris, Rhododendron Spring. This category includes Rhododendron Shiyan and its varieties, and there are many varieties. Its main characteristics are: short stature, l-2 meters high, scattered branches, light leaves, little hair and luster, blooming in April, dense flowers, the smallest flowers, generally 2-4 cm in diameter, up to 6 cm, single petals or sleeve petals composed of calyx petals, few double petals and diverse colors. Traditional varieties include Xintiandi, Xueyue, Bizhi, Sunrise, and the reputation of "Four Seasons" that bloom in spring and autumn.

Mao Dujuan: commonly known as Mao Dujuan, Rhododendron macrophyllum and Rhododendron vernaculatum. This class includes Rhododendron grandiflora, Rhododendron villosum and their varieties and hybrids. They are tall, 2-3 meters, with strong growth and adaptability, and can be planted in the open field. They are excellent rootstocks for grafting Rhododendron occidentalis. Young branches densely covered with brown bristles. Leaf length 10 cm, rough and hairy. Flowers are large, simple, wide and funnel-shaped, with few double petals, and the colors are red, purple, pink, white and compound. There are many varieties 10, and the most cultivated ones are' Jade Butterfly',' Purple Butterfly',' Ryukyu Red' and' Yuling'.

Rhododendron occidentalis: It was first bred in Holland and Belgium in Western Europe, so it is called Rhododendron occidentalis. It is a hybrid of Rhododendron nobilis, Rhododendron azalea and Rhododendron leucocephala. It is the most beautiful one with the most colors and patterns. Its main characteristics are short and strong, dense crown, delicate habits, fear of sun and cold. The leaves are thick, dark green and almost hairless. Leaves are divided into smooth leaves, sharp leaves, twisted leaves, long leaves and broad leaves. It blooms in April-May, and there are various colors such as monochrome, flying white, edging, red dot, bright spot, sandblasting and brocade spraying. Most of them are double petals, double petals, and few are single petals. Flowers are long and narrow, round, flat, backward, wavy, flying, frilled and curled, with a diameter of 6-8 cm and a size of more than 65,433.

Xia Juan: It is native to India and Japan, and Japan is called Rhododendron. Branches come first and bloom at the latest, usually from late May to June, hence the name. The main characteristics are slender branches, dense branches, full and neat crown, and the height is about 1 m. Leaves are narrow and closely arranged. The flowers are funnel-shaped, with a diameter of 6-8 cm, and the colors and petals are as diverse as those in Xi Juan. Flowers have single petals, compound petals and double petals, which are good materials for making pile scenes. Traditional varieties include Changhua, Dahongpao, Chenjia Yin Hong, Wubao Lvzhu and Chenzitang. Among them, there is a small flower in the' Five Treasures and Green Beads' flower, which is in the shape of a pavilion and is the highest double petal among azaleas.

The main producing areas of rhododendrons in China are Hengduan Mountain areas in Yunnan, Tibet and Sichuan provinces. Its intricate topography and topography constitute a special climate, with extremely uneven rainfall distribution, drought in winter and spring, rainy in summer and autumn, and obvious vertical distribution. At the valley of1000-2000m, there are rhododendrons with sharp leaves and rhododendrons with cool climate of 2000m-2800m, including Mao Dujuan, Rhododendron crassipes, Rhododendron yunnanensis and Rhododendron axillaris. The sunny slope of gully from 2800 to 4000 m is a mixed forest of evergreen broad-leaved trees and broad-leaved trees. On its forest edge or grass slope, Rhododendron amurense, Rhododendron dahuricum, Rhododendron pubescens and Rhododendron amurense form an inseparable rhododendron forest or harbor cluster. Here, azaleas are the most diverse, blooming from April to July, colorful and brilliant, sometimes covering the whole mountain 10-20 square kilometers. There is no rhododendron distribution above 4500 meters. Alpine evergreen rhododendron grows in humid, cold and high-altitude mountainous areas for a long time. Introduction must create similar environmental conditions, such as no water on the ground, soil pH value of 5-6, good permeability, organic matter, covered germination, water spraying, cooling and other equipment.

Rhododendron Rhododendron is the representative of deciduous rhododendron, which is widely distributed in the north, south to the Pearl River Basin, east to Fujian and Taiwan Province Province, west to Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, high mountains, low mountains and sunny slopes on shady slopes, valleys and rocks, forest margins and weeds and shrubs. From March to April, flowers bloom in the south of the Yangtze River. Mountain people use this as firewood and cut it down repeatedly, which shows that it has strong adaptability and vitality. Transplantation used to be difficult to live, which was related to not being re-cut. Although the horticultural varieties have been artificially improved, they still reflect the basic habits of the original species of cold and heat resistance, requiring fertile and acidic soil, loose and transparent. Some azaleas have a long life. For example, there are rhododendrons planted in Yunnan for more than 500 years, and there are rhododendrons planted in Wuxi for more than 50 years.

1. Sowing: Rhododendron has high seed setting rate, many seeds and high germination rate, which is an important means of introduction and breeding. A large number of offspring can be obtained from seeds, and the seedlings have strong plasticity and vitality.

1. Seed collection: When the melons are green-brown or yellowish brown in autumn, they can be harvested, dried indoors, cracked, shaken off and stored indoors in a dry place. Sow in the next spring.

2. Sowing: use shallow pots, wooden boxes or underground beds, spread coarse-grained soil with good drainage at the bottom, and use orchid mud or humus soil at the surface layer of 2 cm (all need disinfection). After the seeds are evenly removed, they are covered with a thin layer of fine soil. Or spread 0.5- 1 cm of broken water moss on the orchid mud, and directly sow the seeds into the water moss without covering. Then wet the basin soil with water, cover it with film or glass plate, and place it in the shade.

3. Management: Before emergence, keep the soil moist. Generally, at 15-20℃, the seedlings emerge in about 20 days, and the germination rate is 75-85%. After that, you can remove the plastic film, pay attention to ventilation and improve the resistance of seedlings. When it's dry, spray it with a slit. Don't wash the seedlings down.

4. Sowing: Rhododendron deciduous grows faster, and can be transplanted for the first time when 2-3 real leaves grow, with a spacing of 2-3 cm. Grow to 2-3 cm high after autumn, then dig it out and transplant it into a 3-inch pot with 3 plants in each pot. In the second year, according to the growth situation, flowers can be seen in 3-4 years. The evergreen rhododendron was transplanted for the first time after autumn, and it was transplanted again in the following autumn. Strong light, heavy rain and strong wind should be avoided at seedling stage, and the soil should not be too wet. Water still needs to be sprayed.

Second, cutting: it is the most widely used method, with the advantages of simple operation, high survival rate, rapid growth and stable characters.

1. Cutting: Take the tender and lignified branches of that year, break them with the heel, smooth the hair, cut off the lower leaves, and leave 4-5 leaves at the top. If the branch is too long, the top can be cut off. If you can't insert it when picking, you can wrap the base with wet cloth or moss, cover it with plastic film and put it in the shade for a few days.

2. Time: All cut before the rainy season in Jiangnan, and the survival rate is the highest. Xi Juan is from late May to early June, Mao Juan is from early June to mid-June, and Dong Juan and Xia Juan are in mid-June. At this time, the cutting tenderness is moderate, the weather is warm and humid, and the survival rate is above 90%.

3. Method: insert a few pots and a large number of beds. The medium can be orchid mud, Huangshan soil, river sand or hard rock, perlite, etc. Need less germs, no weeds and no fertilizer. The cuttings from 1/3 to 1/2 are sprayed with a small hole pot and placed under the shade shed. The basin bottom needs to be padded with a brick; The depth of the bed is 20 cm, and the bottom of the bed is filled with 7-8 cm thick drainage layer to facilitate drainage.

4. Management: Within one month after cutting, the key point is shading and spraying water to keep the cuttings fresh. Avoid rain impact in heavy rain, pay attention to drainage in rainy days, spray L/ 1000 thiophanate-methyl to prevent and control black spot, increase water spraying on the ground and leaves in high temperature season, and pay attention to ventilation and cooling. Curly, Dong Juan and Xia Juan take root quickly, about 1 month; It takes 60-70 days for Rhododendron occidentalis. Shoot at the top after taking root. If buds are formed, they should be removed. After September, reduce shading, so that the seedlings are gradually strong, and thin fertilizer can be applied in 10. You can serve it later. If the electric cotyledon automatic spraying device is installed on the grooving machine and the medium is ochre or perlite, there is no need to shade. Under full sunshine, roots are born in more than 20 days, the survival rate is over 95%, and it can be transplanted in 2 months.

Grafting: It is widely used to breed Rhododendron occidentalis. Its advantages are: the scion only needs a tender tip; The buds can be connected at any time without restriction; Several varieties can be grafted on the same plant; It grows faster than cutting and has high survival rate. There are many kinds of grafting methods, the most commonly used method is twig top splitting, which is the most suitable from May to June, and the survival rate reaches 90%.

1. rootstock: Choose 2-year-old Daour snapdragon, and require that the thickness of new branches is similar to that of scion. Jade butterfly and purple butterfly are the best varieties in Mao Dujuan, and Mao Dujuan original species are generally not used.

2. Scion: Cut 3-4cm from Xi Juan mother plant. Grow buds, remove the lower leaves, leave 3-4 leaflets at the top, cut the base into wedges, and the section length is 0.5- 1 cm.

3. Method: Cut off 2-3 cm of the new shoot of Mao Juan, remove the leaves, cut it at 65438±0cm in the longitudinal direction, insert the scion, align the cortex, tie it with plastic film tape, put the connector and scion together in a plastic film bag, and tie the bag mouth tightly.

4. Management: Under a shady shed, avoid direct sunlight. Pay attention to whether there are any water drops in the bag. If there is no solution, spray the scion wet and tie it again. If the scion does not wither for 7 days, it will be successful. After two months, the bag will be removed and the tie will be untied in the next spring.

5. Venue: The cultivation of Xi Juan needs both indoor and outdoor environments: indoor is used for cold protection in winter, and the coldest temperature is not lower than -2-3℃. In order to spend the hot summer outdoors in Jiangnan area, it is necessary to keep outdoors from mid-April to early October of 165438+, so as to create a semi-shady and cool growth environment. There should be a drainage slope on the ground, and the flowerpot should be placed on the shelf.

6. Pot selection: Use a pot with good air permeability and low price in production. Rhododendron has shallow roots and slow expansion, so it should be cultivated in small pots as far as possible to avoid uncontrolled watering and unfavorable growth. Please refer to the following table for plant age and pot mouth size: 1-2 years old: use a 3-inch pot; 3-4 years old: use a 4-inch basin; 5-7 years old: use a 5-inch basin; 8- 10 years old: use a 6-inch pot; 1 1- 15 years old: 7-8 inch pots; 16-20 years old: use a 9-inch basin; More than 20 years: 10 inch basin.

7. Soil: Black Mountain soil (blue mud) is commonly used, black and light in weight. When in use, spread it out and expose it for several days, pick out sundries, screen out the thickness, and put it into the basin in layers to ensure smooth drainage. In addition, peat soil, Huangshan soil, humus soil, pine needle soil, and even mixed soil made of cinder and sawdust can be used as long as the PH is between 5.5 and 7, and it is permeable and rich in humus.

8. Potting: usually carried out when going out in spring or entering the house in autumn. The bottom of the pot is filled with coarse-grained soil with drainage layer. After the pot is put on, leave it in the open air for a few days, and then move it to a suitable position. Change pots frequently at seedling stage, every 2-3 years 1 time. 10 years later, it can be exchanged in 3-5 years 1 time. As long as there is nothing wrong with the old tree, it can be changed for many years.

9. Watering: Be flexible according to weather conditions, plant size, soil dryness and wetness, and growth and development needs. The water quality should be alkaline, clean and hygienic. If you water the flowers with tap water, it is best to keep them in a jar for l-2 days, and the water temperature should be close to the soil temperature. 1 1 month later, the temperature drops, the growth is slow, the water demand is small, and it is not a problem not to water for 3-5 days without heating the indoor temperature; In late February, the growth will gradually increase, and the water volume should be appropriately increased; From March to June, the tender branches bloom, which requires a lot of water, one day 1 time in sunny days, and water should be replenished later when the water is insufficient; It rains for several days in the rainy season, so it is necessary to fill the side basin in time. In the high temperature season from July to August, water should be poured while drying, and water should be sprayed on the ground and blades at noon and night to cool and humidify. The weather is still hot from September to June, 10, so watering cannot be ignored.

10. Fertilization: Xi Juan requires frequent application of thin fertilizer. Common fertilizers include grass juice, fishy water and rapeseed cake. Straw juice is made of tender skin and Ye Rong retting, which is the most talked about nitrogen fertilizer and can be used as water. Fish offal, head and tail, rotten fish and shrimp in fishy water system, add 10 times of water, put in a jar, seal and ferment for more than half a year, and add water to the stock solution when using, and smear it at a concentration of 3-5%. This fertilizer is rich in phosphorus, which can make the leaves bright and colorful, but it should be washed with clear water the next day. Rapeseed cake is a kind of comprehensive fertilizer, which also needs to be crushed, fermented for several months, and then applied by washing.

1 1. Shading: Xi Juan should shade from May to June +065438+ 10. The height of the shed is about 2 meters, and the light transmittance of reed curtain is 20-30%. The west side should also be covered with curtains. Shading time is 9:00- 15:00 every May. Curtains are hung in the southwest corner at 8: 00- 16: 00 in September, 9: 00- 15: 30 in June, and at noon 1 1. If the curtain call needs to be postponed after the middle and late stage,12-April. In this way, Rhododendron occidentalis can bloom at the end of April at the latest, and May Day will reach its peak.

12. Pruning: In 2-4 years, in order to accelerate the formation of skeleton, buds are often picked, or buds are picked when new branches grow to 4-5 cm to promote the germination of lateral branches. Some varieties are short and have many new shoots, so it is not suitable for topping, and should be properly drained. 5- 10-year-old seedlings should not bloom too much, but pick some buds. After growing into a big tree, it is mainly to cut off diseased branches, weak branches and branches of disordered trees, all of which are mainly sulfur shears.

13. Flowering management: When Rhododendron occidentalis blooms, it should be kept indoors, protected from sun and rain, and sustainable 1 month. If the indoor ventilation is not good, it should not be placed for a long time, and it should be replaced once a week or two. Rhododendron occidentalis is pregnant in July and August, enters the house after autumn, maintains 20℃, and can blossom in half a month. Accordingly, it can blossom on New Year's Day and Spring Festival. If you keep it in a cold room at 3-4℃ and take it out in mid-September, the National Day will bloom. After flowering, the residual flowers should be removed in time, trimmed and properly maintained.

14. Pest control: The most common pests are red spiders and military pests. Red spider is very harmful when it is dry at high temperature from June to August, and its leaves often turn yellow and fall off. J can spray L/LO00 triclosan, once a week 1 time, three times in a row. May to June, 65438+ 10, there is a danger of Legionella pests, which spread quickly in dry climate, and L/ 1500 dimethoate or dichlorvos can be sprayed. Brown spot disease is the most common disease, which mainly occurs in the rainy season of mildew. Brown spots appear on the leaves, which is very harmful. Is the main reason for falling leaves. The control methods are as follows: spraying 1/800 Tobezin or Bordeaux solution before and after flowering, paying attention to improving lighting conditions, strengthening ventilation, and burning diseased leaves at any time. Artificial pollination hybridization is a conventional breeding method. Varieties with sound pistil development and high seed setting rate should be selected as female parents, and pollen should be collected from varieties with special ornamental value. Pollen can be refrigerated in ice bottles for long-distance transportation. Pollination should be carried out when the stem secretes mucus. In order to improve the success rate, pollination should be repeated 2-3 times. Because the self-pollination string is very low, there is no need to emasculate in advance. In cold climate, there is no interference from insects, so bagging can be avoided.

After sowing rhododendron seeds, the leaves will bloom after three years, and it needs to be screened. Moreover, after 2-3 years of cultivation, the characters are stable, and only a few percent are ideal after re-screening. Hybridization, screening and breeding is a long-term work. In terms of horticultural varieties in China, hundreds of new varieties have been obtained through hybridization, which are very rich in colors. However, the growth and development process of evergreen rhododendron is long, and the cross breeding work has just begun. Horticultural varieties themselves are a complex of many genes, which often vary in color and pattern. New varieties can also be obtained by using the buds of branches. Rhododendrons in Xi Juan are excellent materials for making bonsai, such as Qingnv, Hong Xin, Dai Feng and Qiushuibo. It has the advantages of slender branches and leaves, evergreen all the year round, shear resistance, strong germination, strange root pie, less pests and diseases, gorgeous colors and long service life. Such as bending branches, braiding, cutting, lifting roots, etc., and making shapes, branches and leaves by artistic modeling such as straight drying, bending drying, double drying, multi-drying, jungle, rooting, cliff, lifting roots and stone attachment.

In addition to potted plants, Mao Juan, Dong Juan and Xia Juan can be used for courtyard decoration, ranging from small patios and corners decorated with several plants to large forests around hillsides, streams and lawns, which can form a beautiful landscape. Rhododendrons can also be used to form flower tube hedges and pavements. They bloom at dusk in spring, are lush in summer and have autumn and winter leaves, and can be seen in all seasons.

In addition, azaleas have edible and medicinal values. The flower acid of azalea is non-toxic and can be eaten raw. The flowers of Rhododendron giganteum and Rhododendron pachydermum are beautiful vegetables for people in central Yunnan. The branches, leaves and flowers of Mao Dujuan are soaked and retted, which can be used as insecticidal pesticides; Rhododendron in Xing 'an, etc. , which can be used in pharmacy. Some kinds of bark and leaves are rich in impregnating substances, which can be extracted for gluing; Rhododendron's wood and root pocket are delicate and tough, which can be used for making bowls, chopsticks, pots, bowls, pipes, roots and other daily labor and art.