How much wind will affect flights?

I will give the following answers to the poster’s questions:

1. The impact of wind on aircraft takeoff and landing is relatively obvious. For airports with serious obstacle restrictions, in terms of takeoff performance, , other conditions remaining unchanged, under the condition of 10 knots of tailwind, the maximum take-off weight that the aircraft can achieve may be more than one ton less than taking off in calm wind! The aircraft also has corresponding tailwind and crosswind limits during takeoff and landing. For example, the maximum tailwind limit for the Airbus 319 aircraft test flight certification is 10 knots, and the maximum crosswind limit is 15 knots. At Jiuzhai Huanglong Airport in my country, it often happens that aircraft with excessive tailwinds are unable to land and return.

2. The downburst mentioned by scottyang421 earlier is not always present in windy and rainy weather. A downburst is a strong downdraft that appears below cumulonimbus clouds in thunderstorm weather. This kind of downburst The airflow can induce thunderstorm winds above 18m/s (36 knots), bringing strong low-altitude wind shear. The life cycle is generally 10 to 16 minutes, and the horizontal scale is 4 to 40 kilometers. In addition, with current technical means, wind shear cannot be accurately predicted! Generally, predictions and notifications are made based on the development trends of thunderstorms and edge shears, or based on reports reported to controllers by aircraft in the air after encountering wind shear.

3. This may be what the poster is most concerned about. The so-called minimum data translated into terminology should be called "minimum weather standards". In fact, the minimum weather standards are not static. This standard is usually like this Definite: Take the highest value among the airport minimum weather standards stipulated by the CAAC (Civil Aviation Administration), the company's minimum weather standards, and the crew's weather standards.

According to an example, after the implementation of the Category II blind landing standard on Runway 02 of Chengdu Shuangliu Airport, the minimum landing standards required by the authority for Category C aircraft are RVR (runway visual range) of 400 meters and a decision height of 30 meters. , but a company requires that the standard for the Category II blind landing at Shuangliu Airport is RVR 450 meters and the decision height is 35 meters. At the same time, the weather standard of the crew is the Category I blind landing standard. Then the minimum standard for the landing of this crew when performing a flight at Shuangliu Airport is It can only be a standard for blind landing - RVR550M, with a decision height of 60 meters.

The method of determining takeoff standards is similar to landing standards, but our country has a basic takeoff weather standard: if there is a suitable takeoff alternate airport (a twin-engine aircraft is within 60 minutes of single-engine cruising, For aircraft with 3 and 4 engines cruising within 120 minutes after the first engine fails), the basic minimum takeoff standards of the departure airport are: 1,600 meters visibility for aircraft with 1 and 2 engines, and 800 meters for aircraft with 3 and 4 engines (the cloud base is at least 60m above the control obstacle).

4. The main impact of the amount of rain on aircraft takeoff and landing is: after rainwater covers the runway, it may cause hydroplaning of the wheels during takeoff and landing, which will have a negative impact on landing and interrupted takeoff. The deceleration brings difficulties, and airlines usually use load reduction methods to correct the distance required for landing.

In addition, if the rain is heavy, the turbine engine may inhale a large amount of water, causing the temperature of the combustion chamber to drop excessively and causing the engine to stop. Therefore, the ignition switch of the turbine engine is placed in the "continuous" position in the rain.