The weather in Hongdu village

There was a scene of bumper harvest, but the villagers could not enjoy the fruits of their labor, but had to pay most of the grain and silk taxes. -Wang Jian's Tian Jiaxing in the Tang Dynasty was harvested in the field and his knowledge was lost. Farmers in the countryside are jubilant, happy, satisfied and empty, and even the tone of their words is different from usual.

In summer, the wheat grains are rolling and the summer grain is bumper.

There is also a good harvest of cocoons in summer, and the noise of cars under the eaves is endless, and the cocoons of wild silkworms are not collected, so they can only die.

There was a scene of bumper harvest, but the villagers could not enjoy the fruits of their labor, but had to pay most of the grain and silk taxes.

In the harvest year, they don't expect to spread grain and weave silk by themselves, but only hope to save the cattle in the city and hand them over to the government.

The villagers said they didn't care about eating well, and thought that as long as the county government was not involved in the case, that was the greatest happiness. Translation and Annotation of Yuefu and Farmers' Life

Rural farmers are full of joy and enjoy themselves. Their usual worries and grievances are swept away, and even their tone of voice is different from usual. In the hot summer, the wheat waves are rolling and the summer grain is bumper. The summer cocoons were also harvested, the eaves creaked, and the wild silkworms did not harvest them, so they had to die. There was a bumper harvest scene, where wheat was beaten into grain and cocoon was woven into silk, but the villagers could not enjoy the fruits of their labor by themselves, so they had to hand over most of the grain and silk to the government for tax payment. In this harvest year, they don't expect to eat their own food and wear their own silk. They just hope to avoid selling scalpers in the city to pay the government's windfall. The villagers said that they don't care whether they eat well or dress well. They think that as long as they don't go to the county government for a lawsuit, that is the greatest happiness.

Translation and annotation II translation

Looking at the scene of a bumper harvest, men's words are full of joy, women's faces are full of smiles, and every household has no complaints, and what they say is different in peacetime.

Although the weather is hot in May, the wheat wind at this time gives people a cool feeling. Under the eaves of the village, women are busy reeling silk with carts, making a sparse sound.

There was a bumper harvest of silkworms, and the cocoons of wild silkworms were no longer harvested, so these cocoons became autumn moths on the trees, flying among the leaves.

After the wheat is harvested, it is piled up in baskets on the wheat field, and woven into silk cloth one by one and wrapped on the shaft. Farmers can confirm that this year's harvest is enough to pay government taxes.

I don't expect food at the entrance, and I don't expect silk to be left for clothes, but I can temporarily avoid going into town to sell calves.

There is really no difference between food and clothing for farmers' families. As long as their families are not caught by the county government, it is a very happy thing.

Appreciating Wang Jian's Yuefu poems mercilessly exposed the cruel feudal oppression. In midsummer, farmers enjoy a bumper harvest of wheat and cocoon, but they are plundered by the government, unable to enjoy the fruits of their labor, and can only live a miserable life of "no food and clothing". The facts reflected in this poem should be the epitome of the life of farmers in the middle Tang Dynasty, which is quite typical. The whole poem has four rhymes. Poetry can be divided into four levels according to the change of rhyme.

The first two sentences are the first layer, which directly describe the mental outlook of rural farmers: "Men love women, and people don't complain." Men and women who are unhappy and unhappy on weekdays are extremely happy because of the bumper harvest, and their words are gentle and pleasant. The first sentence is intertextual, which cannot be interpreted as only men cheering and only women smiling. In fact, no matter men or women, their voices and expressions all show joy and self-satisfaction. The usual sadness and resentment are washed away, and even the tone of speech is different from usual. First write the farmer's joy and self-satisfaction, and then write the reasons for joy and self-satisfaction, which causes suspense and arouses readers' interest in reading.

Three, four, five and six are on the second floor. This layer implies with concrete images that farmers are happy because of the bumper harvest of summer grain and cocoon. In the second sentence of "May", it is written that the Weaver Girl is happy. Facing the sunny day in May, she also feels that the heat in the wheat fragrance is cool and pleasant, and she carefully and happily spins her heart on the silk reeling car. In may, the wheat color is clear, and the harvest of summer grain is written down; The eaves of the eaves rattle with the cables of the car, writing the harvest of summer cocoons. In order to highlight the number of summer cocoons of farmers, the poet wrote from the side: "Wild silkworms don't take cocoons, and autumn moths are born among leaves." These two words are about a bumper harvest of silkworms, and no one cares about wild silkworms, which turn them into moths and fly around on mulberry leaves. The wild silkworm was not collected and died. It can be seen that the summer cocoon has indeed achieved a bumper harvest, which is completely enough for silk weaving. At this level, the author writes about harvesting wheat and reeling, grasping the most basic food and clothing in human life, putting pen to paper, highlighting the scene of bumper harvest, and making a sentence or two about the joy of farmers have a good footnote. The last three sentences: "the wheat is harvested on the axis", "the entrance is not expected to return to the upper body" and "the family has no clothes and no food", which are closely related to food and clothing or narrative, lyricism or discussion, reflecting the focus on reality.

Seven, eight, nine and ten are the third floor. This layer describes the exploitation of farmers by the government under various excuses, and the feelings turn from joy to sadness, forming a big wave, which not only shows the ups and downs of literature, but also enhances the depth of revealing reality in the works. "When the wheat is harvested, the silk is on the shaft and it is lost." Write the harvest results of wheat and cocoon. "Axis" refers to the machine axis of weaving. A bumper harvest should have brought the Tian family plenty of food and clothing, but it was not the case. Wheat was beaten into grain and silkworm cocoons were woven into spun silk, but farmers themselves could not enjoy the fruits of their labor, so they had to pay most of the grain and silk to the government. The word "know" is a stroke of genius. This poem vividly depicts the farmers' psychology of repeatedly paying exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees, but I wonder if there are any new taxes to pay. The words "I don't want to" are even more painful. In the harvest year, farmers don't expect to eat their own food and wear their own silk. They just hope to avoid selling yellow calves in the city to pay for the disaster. Then, farmers can imagine what they eat and wear. This objective expression of farmers' ample food and clothing strongly accused the dark reality in the middle Tang Dynasty.

The last two sentences are the fourth floor. These two sentences exposed the cruelty of feudal exploitation through the mouth of farmers. However, this kind of exposure is not directly condemned by tears, but plain and even slightly humorous language, which makes readers think. Farmers say that they don't care about eating well or dressing well, and they think that as long as they don't go to the county government for a lawsuit, that is the greatest happiness. This view of happiness, which regards not litigating because of arbitrary expropriation as happiness, just exposes the cruelty of feudal rulers from another angle.

This poem is quite distinctive when conceiving the theme of farmers' suffering. In general works, when the author expresses the oppression of the people by feudal exploitation, he mostly describes the hardships of farmers' lives positively. This poem is not. "Tian Jia Xing" describes to readers the harvest of wheat and cocoon and the joy of farmers. But the result of a bumper harvest is not an improvement in life, but a heavier exploitation. Life is still miserable and an unfortunate fate cannot be avoided. This kind of experience is not a family's suffering from natural and man-made disasters by chance, but a summary of the * * * experience of thousands of peasants in Qian Qian, Qian Qian in feudal times. The choice of this material is very typical and common.

In the way of expression, Gu Yuefu narrated more, while Tian Jiaxing chose two periods of farm life, one was the harvest of wheat and cocoon, and the other was the loss of most grain and silk, and compared the two periods. This has played an important role in revealing the theme of farmers' suffering.

On the background of creation, the Tang Dynasty changed the rent-sharing law into two tax laws, nominally to correct the disadvantages of the rent-sharing law. Tang Dezong even has the imperial edict that "one money and two taxes are against the law". In fact, both tax laws have flourished, but the collection is still complicated, and various inexplicable preferences and requirements are imposed on farmers again and again. This poem was written in this social background. Wang Jian (about 767-830): Zhong You, born in Yingchuan (now Xuchang, Henan), was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. He is the author of New Tang Book, Records of Arts and Literature, Records of Reading in County Zhai, Records of Solving Problems in Zhi Zhai, etc. , all are 10 volumes, and Chongwen's general catalogue is 2 volumes. Wang Jian

Under the green mulberry trees, Pingchuan was reflected, and Tian Shen shouted with a smile. Plums are green, plums are yellow, vegetables are fat, wheat is ripe, and sericulture is busy. The bird took the branches from the weeds, but got into the withered grass. I decided to wear a dressing gown, and I was temporarily separated from the garden. After a light rain, every household went to pick red beans, delicate hands and a pair of white jade under the tree. Tian said that this year's climate is abundant. Hold an axe to cut far and wide, and hoe the spring pulse. After the war, the countryside was deserted and the flesh and blood fled to a foreign land. It was too late to write the sword, and it was dusk in Yuan Qiu. Jojo and Fu Tian greet each other cordially. Early rice is pumped by the blue carpet line, and the green Luo skirt shows Xinpu. When Hushan people came to his home, the children hurriedly opened Chai Men. When the deer car leaves, it belongs to the cave. The boat passed through the shallows, and the struggle between grass and grass was scattered around, and the little egret in Shuitian Bay Aha was swept away. Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature.