The role of environmental description

Environmental description refers to the description of the specific social environment and natural environment in which the characters live. Among them, social environment refers to buildings, places, furnishings and other scenery and folk customs that can reflect the characteristics of society and the times. Natural environment refers to seasonal changes, wind, frost, rain and snow, mountains and rivers, lakes and seas, forests, Yuan Ye and other natural scenery.

First of all, explain the location or background of the incident to increase the authenticity of the incident. For example, "There is a vast Gobi outside the window, no mountains, no water, no one …" The first paragraph of "White Poplar" explains the location: people feel the desolation and barrenness of the Gobi, which paves the way for the following father's meditation. In addition, the same is true of Kong Yiji's description of the hotel pattern in Luzhen at the beginning.

Second, the atmosphere is rendered, and the emotions of the characters are set off. For example, "it's gray, gloomy and cold, and the sidewalks on both sides of Chang 'an Avenue are crowded with men, women and children. The environmental description in the article "Ten Miles to the Premier" exaggerates the sad atmosphere and sets off people's extremely sad mood in mourning for Premier Zhou. Another example is the description of the hometown scene in Hometown, which renders a sad atmosphere. Lu Xun's article "Medicine" ends with a paragraph: Although the season is bright, the weather is still "exceptionally cold" and the roadside is "layered"; There is no life here, only the "upright branches" of hay make a "trembling sound"; There are no crowing orioles, only crows with ominous omen. They "stand with their heads down and cast iron". Here, with the help of environmental description, the cold and sad atmosphere of the cemetery is rendered.

Third, entrust the thoughts and feelings of the characters. For example, in the article Wish, after pointing out that "I" went to a street park in Paris to read a book on holiday, I explained the surrounding environment of "I" and the connection between "I" and Beijing from the flowers, expressing the author's thoughts and feelings of missing the motherland.

Fourth, reflect the character or quality of the characters. For example, the article "A Night's Work" describes the working environment of Premier Zhou: "This is a tall palace-style house with extremely simple interior furnishings ..." This shows how simple the life of the Prime Minister is. Another example is the article "The Poor", which says, "The cold wind is howling outside and the waves are rough ... This fisherman's hut is warm and comfortable." So Sang Na is a hard worker. In addition, for example, the description of the hut in Pear Blossom on the Post Road shows people's enthusiasm and kindness.

Fifth, promote the development of the plot. For example, in "Cao Cao Boiling Wine on Heroes", "The wine is half full, and suddenly the clouds are bleak and the rain is coming. From a human point of view, there is a dragon hanging in the sky. Because of the change of the weather, the comment on "Dragon" was introduced, which promoted the development of the plot.

In addition, as written in "Border Town", "It's almost evening, and all the other birds seem to have rested, only the cuckoo keeps calling. Stones and soil were exposed to the sun all day, and vegetation was exposed to the sun all day. At this time, each emits a kind of hot air. The air smells of earth, plants and beetles. Cui Cui looked at the red clouds in the sky and listened to the chaotic voices of businessmen floating on the ferry, and his heart was a little thin and desolate. " Cui Cui in Seeds of Love "feels something is missing from her mature life", "It seems that she has seen that the day has passed, and she wants to climb up in a new personnel, but she can't". Cui Cui longs for love, but she hasn't landed yet. She feels lonely and lost. At this time, my grandfather was too busy to take care of her on the ferry, and the cuckoo kept calling. The smell of soil, vegetation, beetles and the confused voice of businessmen aggravated Cui Cui's inner confusion and loneliness, so she "had a thin sadness in her heart". The description of the environment here became an opportunity for the psychological activities of the characters, reflecting the mood of the characters and promoting the development of the story.

Sixth, deepen the theme of the work. The analysis of the theme of the novel is inseparable from the careful analysis of the characters and plots, and also from the careful investigation of the environment. For example, in Lao She's Camel Xiangzi, in order to describe the hardships of Xiangzi, the driver, and reveal the misery of the working people in the old society, the author tried his best to describe a stormy scene. When times were hard, Xiangzi had to pull rickshaws to earn money. It rained so hard that people couldn't walk, so Xiangzi had to work hard in the rain. Through the description of the environment, Xiangzi's industrious and industrious nature was revealed, thus revealing the theme of misery and tragedy of working people's life in the old society.

Of course, a specific environmental description often has multiple functions, which need to be comprehensively analyzed according to the specific language environment, and should not be limited to a certain function.

Environment is a specific place to form a character and restrict his activities, which determines and influences his character. At the same time, characters sometimes react to the environment. To write a narrative with strong story, we should not only write the plot, but also write the natural environment and social environment. Write these two environments well, you can better compare the characters, and then express the center comprehensively and clearly.

The application of environmental description should be: clear purpose-help to express the central idea; Concrete and vivid-giving people an immersive feeling; Grasp the characteristics-write unique scenery.

Objective description is a description that reproduces the original form of the scene more truly, and writes feelings by writing the scene, which is what we call "borrowing scenery to express feelings".

Subjective description means that the author writes objective scenery with subjective feelings, and consciously or unconsciously integrates subjective feelings into the scenery, which is called "sending feelings to the scenery" in writing.

The natural environment is a common description object in this paper. Social environment can be room furnishings, layout, places for people's activities, local customs and habits, etc. Scenes are the general characteristics of people's activities at specific times and occasions. Write a narrative with strong story and a good environment. Some people say that two paintings should be painted well, that is, a "landscape painting" and another "genre painting" around people's activities.

Example:

In the western sky, there is a kind of pink that is redder and more delicate than the face of a fat doll. The sun is the reddest around, so charming. Red spreads around, covering half the sky, and gradually fades from layer to layer until it turns gray. Soft, transparent, clear and moist air is floating in the sky.

"Good rain knows the season" has quietly happened to these women who are fighting for beauty. The enchanting peony, nourished by the spring rain, is more and more beautiful. Dew rolled on the petals, wrapped in its attractive color, dripping silently and getting into the grass, with a lingering fragrance. The grass also stands proudly, and the small head is like a needle tip. Like a newborn child, it moistens lovely green and newborn green under the spring rain and thrives in the embrace of rain. The vivid colors on the grass, like pearls and jade, are embedded in pure cotton silk. Spring rain is falling, birds are flying low and singing softly in the treetops. Birds and flowers, the scenery is infinitely good!

It's foggy and raining, and the smoke from the kitchen is continuous. The mountains are shrouded in spring rain, the mountains are hazy, the flowers are beautiful and the scenery is picturesque. Xu Re is really charming.

Foggy and moist, the charm of spring can be seen on this line. Look at that distant mountain, just like a green eyebrow, but it is looming, wrapped in a translucent veil by this wet spring rain. A piece of green on the mountain blends into this hazy world, attractive, dazzling and full of vitality.

Excellent example

The tired moon is resting in the clouds, leaving only a few stars as if on sentry duty.

★ The moon hangs obliquely in the sky, smiling, and the stars are crowded with the Milky Way, blinking.

★ A full moon rises, like a bright lamp, hanging high in the sky.

★ The moon opened its eyes wide and looked kindly at the villages and fields, much like a polished copper plate.

★ As the full moon rises, a soft smile appears on her silvered face.

★ The bright full moon has been lifted to the sky by the distant blue mountain.

★ The moon is round, like a spinning wheel, spinning her romantic reverie.

★ At night, it is very quiet. A full moon like a jade plate passes through the clouds, and the faint moonlight shines on the earth.

★ An apricot full moon climbed out of the mountain mouth and threw its reflection into the lake.

★ The full moon is like a yellow lantern, lifted from the eastern horizon and hung in the sky.

★ At night, the full moon rises, and a piece of peace shines on the earth with the silver moonlight.

★ The moon rises gradually. She is dressed in a long white gauze dress, quiet and serene, gentle and generous. Her silver face left a gentle smile through the willow branches.

★ The moon is like a newly married daughter-in-law. Just coming from the eastern horizon, she shyly got into the leaves and hid.

★ The moon is like a weather-beaten old man, slowly combing the glistening moonlight.

★ The moon is like a shy girl, hiding in the clouds for a while, lifting the veil to reveal her charming face for a while, and the whole world is immersed in the dreamy silver gray by moonlight.

★ The moon is so bright that it turns the earth into snow blue, and trees, houses and streets are like a layer of mercury.

★ At the western end of the forest outside the door, the hanging first quarter moon has turned into a golden watermelon, not a curved eyebrow.

★ In the morning, the waning moon is like a pebble that has lost its luster and is thrown in the horizon.

★ A crescent moon is like a white pear, quietly blooming in the light blue sky.

★ The night sky is starry, and the moon is like a fishing boat, as if sailing in a wide silver river.

★ The moon is like a bow, winding in the sky.

★ A crescent moon rises from the distant forest. It's as white as freshly extracted silver.

★ A crescent moon, like a silver sickle, sticks out from the dark mountain peak.

★ A crescent moon rises, like a jade carving banana embedded in the sky, with bright blue light.

★ A crescent moon is like a boat, with its pointed bow facing upwards, rowing on the calm lake in the middle of the night, which gives me a feeling.

★ A crescent moon hangs high in the deep blue sky, and the clear water shines on the earth.

★ The crescent moon is like a golden boat moored among the branches.

★ Half the moon hangs obliquely on the top of the locust tree, like an orange petal.

★ The moon is as small as a hairpin and intoxicating.

★ A hazy moon is emerging from the cicada-like transparent clouds in the forest, shining with silver brilliance.

★ A silver hook in the night sky sheds infinite brilliance.

★ The crescent moon is curved like a girl's mouth with a sweet smile.

★ Under the crescent moon and above the willow tip, there are a pair of stars like the eyes of a smiling fairy, teasing the curved crescent moon and swaying willow branches.

The crescent moon is like a silver boat.

★ The curved crescent moon outside the window looks like chrysanthemum petals in the blue night sky.

★ The curved crescent moon shuttles through the thin clouds, like barracuda, lively and lovely.

★ The crescent moon is like a girl's eyebrows, winding in the pure air.

★ The moon rises, flushed and dizzy, as if someone had stirred up a red lantern from the eastern horizon.

★ The moon has risen, like a freshly dehydrated ice tray with no dust.

★ Moon girl got up, as if talking quietly with the little stars around her.

★ A full moon is rising in Ran Ran, and the silvery moonlight reflects a few feathery clouds, which is beautiful.

★ The rising moon hangs on the top of the mountain. Although pale as a cloud, it is getting brighter all the time.

★ The moon went out to sea. At the moment of flying, it seems to jump suddenly and be splashed all over by waves, so that the affectionate sea can wash it and make it bright and clean.

★ A ray of clear and soft moonlight shines on the windowsill through the window, just like silver plating.

★ The moonlight hangs down from the window like a silver soft yarn.

★ The moonlight passed through the shade, leaving a glittering and translucent jade.

★/the full moon on kloc-0/5 is like a snowball, embedded in the dark blue night sky, which is particularly bright.

★ Leng Yue hangs its branches high, and the bare branches are rustled by the cold wind.

The moon in early winter, cold, pours ice-like Yin Hui from the west.

★ The moon finally rose to the clear sky, glittering and translucent.

★ The moon rises from the edge of the forest and emits cold light, which makes the snow-covered fields extraordinarily white and makes people feel colder. Thousands of stars are like pearls in the night sky, shining with the light of Yin Hui.

★ As night falls, the blue sky is dotted with countless little stars, flashing as if inviting people to travel in the vast space.

★ Without the moon, the stars twinkle like dew on a big lotus leaf.