What are the local houses?

Cave dwelling in northern Shaanxi is a unique form of Han nationality residence on the Loess Plateau in northern China, which has a very strong Han nationality folk custom and local flavor. Cave dwellings are divided into earth caves, stone caves, brick caves, earth bottom caves, Liurafter Liubazi caves and interface caves. Cave dwellings in northern Shaanxi are the product of the Loess Plateau and the symbol of the working people of the Han nationality in northern Shaanxi.

There are generally cliff holes, concave holes and independent holes. (The cliff-leaning type is to horizontally dig a hole on a natural earth cliff, with a width of 3~4m and a depth of more than 10m. )

2. Beijing quadrangle

Siheyuan, also known as Siheyuan, is a traditional quadrangle-style building in China. Its pattern is a courtyard surrounded by houses, so it is named quadrangle.

Siheyuan is a house with a concierge in front of Sanheyuan. If it looks like a "mouth", it is called a courtyard; The shape of "sky" is called binary courtyard; The shape of "wood" is called Sanjinyuan. Generally speaking, in a big house, the first entrance is the gatehouse, the second entrance is the hall, and the third or last entrance is the private room or boudoir, which is the activity space for women or their families. Ordinary people are not allowed to enter at will. No wonder the ancients said that "the courtyard is as deep as a person." The deeper the courtyard, the less you can see its hall.

Siheyuan has a history of at least 3,000 years, and there are many types in China, among which Beijing Siheyuan is a typical one. Siheyuan is usually lived by extended families, which provides a relatively hidden courtyard space for the outside world. Its architecture and pattern embody China's traditional hierarchy of respect and inferiority and the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements.

In modern times, with the change of family structure and social concept, the livability of traditional quadrangles has been challenged. In the process of urban planning, traditional quadrangles are also facing the contradiction between protection and development. Some quadrangles were listed as cultural relics protection units, while others were demolished.

3. Qiang Diaolou

Qiang architecture is most famous for its towers, stone houses, cable bridges, plank roads and water weirs. Qiang people call the watchtower "Qionglong". As early as 2000 years ago, it was recorded in the book Biography of Southwestern Foreigners in the Later Han Dynasty that Qiang people "lived by mountains and built houses with stones, more than ten feet high". Since the Tang Dynasty, the Qiang people migrated to the northwest for various reasons and went to Tibet and Qinghai, so now the Qiang people's watchtowers are also called Tibetan watchtowers. The watchtowers are mostly built next to village houses, with a height of 10 to 30 meters, which are used to guard against the enemy and store grain, grass and firewood.

The watchtower has four corners, six corners and eight corners. Some are as high as thirteen or fourteen stories. Building materials are stone chips and yellow mud. The foundation depth of the wall is135m, and it is made of stone chips. The inside of the stone wall is vertical to the ground, and the outside is slightly inclined from bottom to top. During the construction, there is no need for drawing, stringing and column support, and it is all based on superb technology and experience. This building is strong and durable. 1988, Yongan Village, Qiang Township, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, discovered the ruins of the ancient castle of Amin Dynasty "Yongpingbao". After hundreds of years of vicissitudes, it is still well preserved.

4. Dai bamboo house

Dai bamboo house is another kind of dry-column residence. Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, is the settlement of A Dai, and the terrain height difference changes greatly, with mountains in the north, plateaus in the east and plains in the west. The climate in the whole region is also very different. The altitude of mountain area is 1700 meters, which belongs to temperate climate. The plain is 750-900 meters above sea level and has a subtropical climate. Some valley plains only 500 meters above sea level belong to tropical climate. Most of the Dai people live in Pingba area, where there is no snow all year round and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is 265,438 0℃, regardless of the four seasons. So here, the dry column building is a very suitable form. Because bamboo is abundant in this area, many houses are built with bamboo, which is called bamboo house.

The plane of the bamboo building is square, and there is no wall at the bottom, which is used for raising livestock and stacking sundries. There is a hall and bedroom upstairs, and there is a fire pit in the hall, which is a place to make tea and reunite with family. There is an open front porch and balcony outside. The front porch is the place where the host works, eats, rests and receives guests during the day. It's bright and airy.