What are the classification and characteristics of storm surge?

Scholars at home and abroad mostly divide storm surges into typhoon storm surges caused by tropical cyclones (or tropical storm surges, which are called hurricane storm surges in North America and tropical cyclone storm surges along the Indian Ocean coast) and temperate storm surges caused by temperate weather systems such as temperate cyclones.

Typhoon storm surge is more common in summer and autumn. Its characteristics are: fierce, fast, strong and destructive. Typhoon storm surges occur in all marine countries and coastal areas affected by typhoons.

Temperate storm surges mostly occur in spring and autumn, and also occur in summer. Its characteristics are: the process of increasing water is relatively stable, and the height of increasing water is lower than that of typhoon storm surge. It mainly occurs in mid-latitude coastal areas, mainly distributed in the North Sea coast of Europe, the east coast of the United States and the northern coastal areas of China.

China is one of the few countries in the world where two kinds of storm surge disasters are very serious. Storm surge disasters can occur all year round, and all the coasts from south to north are not spared. Storm surge is usually named after the weather system that causes storm surge at home and abroad. For example, the storm surge caused by typhoon 1980 (internationally known as typhoon Joe) is called typhoon 8007 or storm Joe; 1969 The storm surge caused by Hurricane Camille, which landed in North America, is called "Camille storm surge".