The influence of Chongqing climate on human production and life

& ltp> Human activities affect climate, just as climate also affects human activities. The influence of climate on human activities is mainly in various industries of human society, such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, construction, transportation, medical care, tourism and so on. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp>( 1) Climate impact on agriculture. At present, agriculture is still the most sensitive industry to climate impact. The influence of climate on agriculture is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, it affects the regional distribution of crops, and the representative crops planted in different climatic zones are very different. According to the research, the increase or decrease of annual precipitation 100 mm may affect the regional distribution of crops and natural vegetation; Second, it affects the growth, yield and quality of crops; Third, it affects various agricultural activities, such as planting, management, harvesting and drying; Fourth, it affects the planting system and farming methods. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp & gt(2) The influence of climate on forestry. There are many similarities between the impact of climate on forestry and its impact on agriculture, especially the impact of climate on forest fires. There are many reasons for the occurrence and spread of forest fires, but climate is the most important one, especially dry climate is an important condition for the occurrence of fires. Near the equator, the water content of plants generally exceeds 70%, with abundant rainfall. If there were no dry periods, there would be no fire. Areas with distinct dry and wet seasons are areas with serious fires. In addition, the wind speed also has a great influence on the fire and fire fighting. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp>③ The influence of climate on livestock diseases. The sudden change of weather and climatic conditions will destroy the balance between animal body and environment, leading to various organism disorders and abnormal phenomena, which is one of the important causes of livestock diseases. The occurrence, development, spread and harm of various livestock infectious diseases and germs have obvious seasonality. For example, foot-and-mouth disease, chicken plague and swine fever mostly occur in spring and autumn, especially in spring, which is the peak of the disease. This is because after spring, the temperature rises, pathogenic bacteria and parasites of various livestock begin to move, and bacteria and viruses multiply and spread in large numbers. At this time, due to lambing, feeding or shearing, the resistance to low temperature becomes weak, and cold wave and cooling are easy to cause colds or infectious diseases. The climate changes sharply in late autumn and early winter, and the adaptability of livestock to sudden weather changes is poor, especially the incidence of respiratory diseases is high. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp & gt(4) The influence of climate on fishery. Various meteorological factors may have an impact on fishery production, such as wind, which is most closely related to fishery production safety. Strong winds are prone to serious shipwrecks, causing shipwrecks to die, and the change of wind direction and speed has a great influence on fish activities; The sudden drop of temperature will affect the normal growth and even death of fish and shrimp; Too much precipitation will cause fish and shrimp to escape. The late spring and early summer is the spawning period of fish, and too much rainfall will affect the spawning of fish. For the eggs produced, in case of heavy rain, the fry will die in the incubation stage. If the air pressure is too low, the oxygen content in the water will decrease, and floating heads or fish and shrimp will flood, resulting in a decrease in output. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp & gt(5) The influence of climate on salt industry. Because sea salt production is carried out in the open air, natural evaporation must be used to avoid losses caused by unfavorable climatic conditions, so to achieve the goal of high and stable yield, we must master the local climate laws and weather conditions. If the weather is fine, the sunshine is sufficient, the humidity is low, and the wind is strong, the daily evaporation will be greater, the concentration speed of seawater and brine will be faster, the brine making time will be shortened, and it will soon be saturated and crystallized into salt. Precipitation is the most harmful meteorological factor in sea salt production, and it is not conducive to sea salt production regardless of the size and duration of precipitation. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp & gt(6) The influence of climate on energy. The energy problem is an important problem facing human beings in today's society. At first glance, climate has little to do with energy, but in fact, climate has many effects on energy. First, the influence of climate on energy exploration, development and transportation; Second, the impact of climate change on energy consumption; Third, climate resources are an important part of natural energy. For example, solar energy and wind energy are direct climate energy, while photosynthetic energy, hydro energy and fossil energy are indirect climate energy. The Three Gorges hydropower station is the best proof. These energy sources have different meanings for human beings. For example, photosynthetic energy provides human beings with the energy to synthesize plant organic matter, which is still the material source basis of human life. Most other energy sources provide power and heat, so the impact of climate on energy is also an important channel for climate to affect human activities. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp & gt(7) The influence of climate on architecture and urban planning. Climate is closely related to architecture. For example, houses in China generally face south, because houses facing south can receive more sunshine in winter, while in summer, the southeast wind blows more, which is beneficial to ventilation, while there are fewer windows in the north gate, which reduces the climate impact of the cold north wind in winter. For example, the slope of the roof, in areas with heavy rain and snow, the slope of the roof is very large, which is conducive to rapid drainage and is not easy to snow. In arid areas with less rain and snow, the slope of the roof can be reduced, and even flat-topped houses can be used; Generally, the height of houses in the south is relatively high, which is suitable for the sultry climate conditions there, while the low houses in the north are conducive to thermal insulation and suitable for the cold climate conditions in the north. In urban planning and layout, it is beneficial to the emission of polluted gases to build polluting factories in the downwind direction of the local main wind direction. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp & gt(8) The influence of climate on traffic. Traffic is greatly influenced by climate. For example, in the choice of flight routes, aircraft need to apply weather conditions such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, shear lines, tropopause fluctuations, and clear-sky turbulent clouds to find safe and comfortable routes. Heavy fog and poor visibility will increase traffic accidents, heavy snow and road icing will also have a great impact on road transportation, and strong winds will also pose a serious threat to maritime and inland river transportation. In addition, the safety of goods in transit is also affected by the weather. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp & gt(9) The influence of climate on people's daily life. People care about the weather and listen to the weather forecast on time every day, because the weather has an important impact on daily life. For example, when there is cold air news, people should quickly add clothes, and when there is high temperature weather, people should take measures to prevent heatstroke and cool down. According to another research report, the human brain is the most sensitive when the temperature is 18℃, and the working efficiency is the highest when it is 17℃-25℃. When the temperature is-1℃ or 35℃, the working efficiency is only 75% of the highest efficiency. When people want to travel, they should know the climate of tourist attractions in order to choose time and prepare luggage, which proves that climate has an important influence on daily life. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp> However, there are some misunderstandings about the influence of weather and climate. For example, the time of morning exercise is chosen before dawn or at dawn, thinking that the air is freshest at this time. Actually, it's not. Because of the cooling effect of the air near the ground at night, it is easy to form a stable inversion layer, which makes it difficult for pollutants in the air to spread, and at this time, the concentration of pollutants is the highest, so we should choose after sunrise, because the inversion layer is destroyed and pollutants spread outward at this time, which is the best time for morning exercise. Some people like to choose green trees for morning exercises. In fact, because chlorophyll in plants can only be photosynthesized with the participation of sunlight, oxygen can be produced. At night, plants not only consume oxygen but also release a lot of sulfur dioxide, so these places are not ideal places for morning exercises. Others think that morning exercise in foggy days is poetic, and then fog is a small water droplet suspended in the air near the ground, and its composition is extremely complicated. It is a mixture of acid, amine, benzene, phenol and pathogenic microorganisms. People who inhale harmful substances in foggy days can easily induce bronchitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, rhinitis and other diseases, so morning exercise in foggy days is harmful. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp>( 10) The influence of climate on diseases. Weather and climate are closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases. Due to the annual climate change, the mortality of some diseases has a seasonal peak, especially cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. In the mild and cold climate zone, there is an obvious peak in the cold season, while respiratory diseases have a large annual amplitude. Excessive indoor and outdoor temperature difference, indoor low temperature drying respiratory mucosa and winter climate change are mostly the causes of respiratory diseases. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp> Arthritis is also closely related to climate change. In cold and humid climate, the incidence of rheumatism and arthritis is four times that of dry and hot climate. Decreased air pressure and increased humidity can also cause arthritis, and weather changes such as scars and cuts can also promote pain. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp> At present, air tourism is very developed. When a person reaches a distant area with great climate difference at high speed (such as high latitude area to tropical area), the physiological response can not be adjusted for a while, and diseases will occur. & lt/p & gt；

& ltp> Before and after the influence of strong cold air, patients with hypertension, cor pulmonale, rheumatoid diseases and cerebrovascular abnormalities are prone to abnormal changes. About 87% of heart attacks occur when the atmosphere is disturbed, and the incidence of asthma, tracheitis and ulcers increases significantly. Malignant tumors of digestive tract are prone to pathological changes, which often cause great damage to the health of the elderly, children and seriously ill patients, and easily lead to myocardial infarction and coronary cerebral thrombosis, leading to death.