Complete collection of detailed information at sea

Offshore refers to the sea area close to land. The offshore of China consists of five parts: Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean on the east side of Taiwan Province Province, with a total area of about 4.7 million square kilometers and the South China Sea of 3.5 million square kilometers.

Basic introduction Chinese name: offshore mbth: coastal waters; ; Offshore discipline: oceanographic interpretation: offshore waters: Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea, with a total area of about 4.7 million square kilometers. Introduction: China offshore area, China offshore boundary and China offshore climate. Introduction: China offshore consists of five parts: Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean on the east side of Taiwan Province Province, with a total area of about 4.7 million square kilometers and South China Sea of 3.5 million square kilometers. They are connected to the north and south and belong to the continental marginal sea in the western North Pacific Ocean. The offshore of China is named because it is close to Chinese mainland, but it is not all China's territorial waters and jurisdictional waters (just as the Sea of Japan is not Japan's). The total area of China's territorial sea, territorial sea, contiguous zone and exclusive economic zone is about 3 million square kilometers, but about 1.5 million square kilometers are disputed with or occupied by neighboring countries. At present, China has only negotiated with Viet Nam to demarcate the Beibu Gulf (the boundary of the exclusive economic zone). China offshore 1 zone. Bohai Sea Bohai Sea is the inland sea of China. This is a near-closed shallow sea, which goes deep into Chinese mainland. It communicates with the Yellow Sea through the Bohai Strait in the east. Its north, west and south are surrounded by land, which is adjacent to Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong and Tianjin respectively. The Bohai Strait starts from Laotieshanjiao (Laotieshantou) at the southern end of Liaodong Peninsula in the north and ends at Penglai Jiao (Dengzhoutou) at the northern end of Shandong Peninsula in the south, with a width of about 106km. Fishery, port, oil, tourism and sea salt are the five dominant resources in Bohai Sea. Second, the Yellow Sea The Yellow Sea is a semi-enclosed shallow sea completely located on the continental shelf. When the ancient Yellow River entered the sea in northern Jiangsu, it brought a lot of sediment and made the water yellow-brown, hence the name. Chinese mainland (Liaoning, Shandong and Jiangsu) is in the north and west, the Korean Peninsula is in the east, and it is connected with the Sea of Japan in the southeast by cheju strait and the Korean Strait, and the East China Sea in the south. The semi-closed shallow sea surrounded by land on three sides is inverted "S" shape, and the seabed topography is open and gentle, slightly inclined from the mainland to the southeast. 3. The East China Sea is located in the east of the central part of China's coastline and is the marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean. The East China Sea has a vast continental shelf in the west and a deep-sea trough in the east, so it has the characteristics of shallow sea and deep sea. The open marginal sea is the sea area with the largest number of islands in China. The East China Sea covers an area of more than 700,000 square kilometers, with an average water depth of more than 1000 meters, mostly on the continental shelf with a water depth of less than 200 meters. The water temperature in the East China Sea is high, the salinity is high, the tidal range is 6-8m, and the water is blue. Because the East China Sea belongs to subtropical and temperate climate, it is beneficial to the reproduction and growth of plankton, and it is a good place for all kinds of fish and shrimp to breed and inhabit, and it is also the sea area with the highest marine productivity in China. There are many excellent ports in the East China Sea of China. For example, Shanghai Port, located at the mouth of Huangpu River in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, has a deep and wide waterway and abundant water. The river is calm and suitable for berthing giant ships. 4. The South China Sea is located in the south of Chinese mainland, spanning the tropics and subtropics, with a tropical maritime climate as its main feature. It is also the southernmost tip of China's maritime boundary. It is surrounded by Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province Province of China, Philippine Islands, Greater sunda islands and Indian zhina Peninsula, and is a part of the western Pacific Ocean. There are many straits around the South China Sea that communicate with the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean and adjacent waters. With a vast sea area of about 3.5 million square kilometers, complex geological structure, diverse seabed landforms, numerous islands and reefs and abundant oil and gas resources, it is known as the "second Persian Gulf". Located in the tropics, it has high water temperature and high salinity. 5. Pacific region east of Taiwan Province Province, south of Japanese Ryukyu Islands and east of bashi channel (relative position). This sea area has not been noticed in the past, and its northern continental shelf is slightly wider, about 9-17 km; The continental shelf on the edge of the island is very narrow, the continental slope is very steep, and the water depth exceeds 3000 meters; At the bottom of the southern section are two north-south underwater island chains, which are distributed between Taiwan Province Province and Luzon Island. Between the east and west underwater island chains is a trough with a water depth of more than 5000 meters. In a word, the continental shelf in this sea area is very narrow, followed by continental slope, deep-water basin and trough. Because it is located in the Cenozoic tectonic activity zone in the western Pacific Ocean, volcanic and seismic activities are frequent. Bohai Sea-Yellow Sea: the connection between the Laotieshan Cape at the southern end of Liaodong Peninsula and Penglai Cape at the northern end of Shandong Peninsula via miaodao islands. Yellow Sea-East China Sea: The Qidong corner on the north side of the Yangtze River estuary is connected with the southwest corner of Jeju Island on the southwest side of the Korean Peninsula. East China Sea-South China Sea: Nan 'ao Island in Guangdong is connected with the southern end of Taiwan Province Island along the south side of Taiwan Province Province Shoal. Sea area east of Taiwan Province Province: Pacific Ocean area south of Ryukyu Islands and north of bashi channel. General situation of coastal climate in China: The coastal waters of China are temperate in the north, subtropical in the middle and tropical in the south, and the climate difference is remarkable. Especially in temperate waters, the alternation of four seasons is very obvious; Even in subtropical waters, there are corresponding seasonal changes. 1. In winter, due to the influence of continental high and Aleutian low, northerly winds prevail in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, with an average wind speed of 6-7m/s. The southern Yellow Sea is open, and the average wind speed increases to 8-9m/s. With strong northerly winds, there are often cold air or cold waves heading south, and the wind can reach more than 24.5m/s. The temperature along the Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea can plummet/. Cold waves sometimes cause storm surges. The spring monsoon begins to alternate and the south wind increases. From June to August, southerly winds prevail, with an average wind speed of 4-6 m/s, but when a cyclone or typhoon moves northward, the wind can also increase to 10 and above 24.5-28.4 m/s, often accompanied by heavy rain or storm surge, which is the main disastrous weather in summer. The gale belts of Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea are located in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Strait to Chengshanjiao of Shandong Peninsula, and off the sea in the south-central part of South Yellow Sea. Strong wind (gust >) in the central and western Bohai Sea; Grade 8) The average annual days is about 80 days, with the Bohai Strait reaching 1 10 days and the central and southern Yellow Sea reaching 1 10 days. In June, the temperature is the lowest in May 438+10. The average temperature in Bohai Sea is -4-O℃ from north to south, and that in Yellow Sea is -2-8℃. The temperature difference between north and south can reach 10℃. The highest temperature in the Bohai Sea appears in July, with an average of 25℃, and the Yellow Sea appears in August, with an average of 24-27℃. The average annual precipitation in Bohai Sea is 500-600 mm, 600-750 mm in North Yellow Sea and 1000 mm in South Yellow Sea. June-August is the rainy season, and the precipitation can account for half of the whole year, even as high as 70%. The Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea are also famous for fog. The Bohai Sea is foggy from April to July, and the Yellow Sea is foggy in winter, spring and summer, especially in July. 2. The East China Sea vertically crosses the temperate zone and subtropical zone, and it is also influenced by the high pressure of the Asian continent in winter, and it is mainly northerly, with an average wind speed of 9-10m/s. The southern sea area is mainly northeast, especially the Taiwan Province Strait, with relatively stable wind direction and relatively high wind speed. When the cold wave moves southward in winter, after the cold front passes through, northerly winds of 6-8 grades often appear, accompanied by obvious cooling. In winter and spring, temperate cyclones formed in the east and north of Taiwan Province Province have a great influence on the East China Sea, and northerly winds often appear suddenly, which is unfavorable to navigation and fishing operations. Summer is dominated by southerly winds, and cyclones and typhoons often appear. Strong winds in the East China Sea are along the coast of Zhejiang, Zhoushan Islands and Taiwan Province Strait. The temperature of the whole sea area is about 26-29℃ in summer, with little difference between north and south, and the temperature is higher in winter. The annual precipitation in the East China Sea is obviously different from east to west, but less from east to west, which changes obviously with the seasons. The fog period in the East China Sea is in spring and summer, with the maximum in April-May. Third, the South China Sea is located in the tropics and belongs to a typical monsoon climate zone. Every year around September, the northeast monsoon reaches the Taiwan Province Strait, and the whole sea area is controlled by the northeast monsoon from June 165438+ 10 to April of the following year. The southwest monsoon begins to appear in the Malacca Strait in April, and can spread all over the sea area in June, with the peak in July-August. In most parts of the South China Sea, the northeast monsoon is the largest in June 5438+065438+1October, with mostly 4-5 grades and sometimes 6-7 grades. The windy area is located in the northern South China Sea, the bashi channel and the waters west of Nansha Islands. Relatively speaking, the southwest monsoon wind force is generally small, mostly below level 4. In Yinggehai on the western coast of Hainan Province, the spring breeze is strong all year round, and the monthly average wind speed in April is 5.5 m/s; The lowest is in 65438+February, which is only 3.4m/s; the average windy days in the South China Sea are less than those in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, 50 days off the coast of Vietnam, about 40 days near Xisha Islands and less than 40 days near Nansha. Only in the area near the Taiwan Province Strait in the coastal area of eastern Guangdong, there are many large tuyeres, some of which can reach 100 days. Typhoon is the main disastrous weather system in the South China Sea. There are about 10 typhoons and severe tropical storms in the South China Sea every year. The temperature in the South China Sea is very high all year round, reaching 28 degrees Celsius in July. Even in 65438+ 10 month in the dead of winter, the southern part of the South China Sea still reaches 26℃, and the northern part is usually not lower than 15℃. The annual precipitation in the South China Sea is1000-2000mm, with obvious regional differences. There are dry seasons and rainy seasons in the northern part of the sea area. In fact, there is no real "dry season" in the south of the sea area, because the precipitation there exceeds the evaporation in each month of the year. The annual precipitation in Nansha Islands can reach 2200mm, and the annual precipitation days can reach 170 days. There are few sea fogs in the South China Sea, which mainly appear in Beibu Gulf and Guangdong coastal areas.