Where do you grow cigarettes in Guangdong?

Then let's take a look at the Guangdong tobacco I carefully recommended to you. I hope it will help you.

First, the basic situation of tobacco leaves in Guangdong

Guangdong is located at latitude 20? 13? ~25? 3 1? East longitude 109? 4 1? ~ 1 17? 20? It belongs to tropical and subtropical monsoon region, with long summer and warm winter, rich light and heat resources, long rainy season and abundant rainfall. Annual rainfall 1700 mm or more, rainy days 140 days, sunshine hours 1400 hours or more, and annual average temperature 18 ~ 23.2℃, greater than or equal to 65433. The suitable tobacco planting area is 3.3569 million mu, mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong. There are five kinds of soils suitable for tobacco planting: sandy soil, purple soil, beef liver soil, lime soil and red soil.

The main varieties of flue-cured tobacco planted in the province are K326, Yueyan 97, Yueyan 98 and Yunyan 87, which are distributed in Nanxiong, Shixing, Lechang and Ruyuan in Shaoguan, and Wuhua, Meixian, Jiaoling, Dapu, Pingyuan, Fengshun and Lianzhou in Qingyuan.

According to the industrial verification opinion, Nanxiong tobacco leaves present a typical Luzhou-flavor style, with rich, rich and full aroma; Lechang tobacco leaves show a medium-strong aroma style, and the aroma is still rich and full; Wuhua tobacco leaves are rich to medium aroma, with rich and full aroma; Dapu tobacco leaves have a slightly clear aroma style in the middle, and the aroma is soft and delicate, slightly elegant and elegant.

Map of Guangdong province

Second, the main links of flue-cured tobacco production

1. Contract signing: According to the planting acquisition plan of our province issued by the State Bureau, it will be decomposed layer by layer and strictly implemented as planned. The signing of the contract follows the principle of equality between tobacco companies and tobacco farmers. Tobacco farmers voluntarily sign contracts with tobacco companies. When signing contracts, both parties can plant and sell tobacco leaves in strict accordance with the contract according to the actual planting resources of tobacco farmers and the tobacco company's planting acquisition plan.

2. Nanxiong Tobacco Institute made coated pelleted seeds according to the planting plan issued and the variety requirements of the producing area, with 1800 seeds per package, about 1 mu. Professional seedling raising service organizations use seedling raising workshops, fixed seedling raising facilities and mobile seedling raising facilities, adopt floating seedling raising technology, carry out centralized seedling raising and sell them to tobacco farmers in a unified way. During seedling raising, the seedlings should be 3? Cut leaves five times to ensure the survival rate of seedlings, and equip with about 3% spare seedlings.

Tobacco planting technology

grow seedlings

3. Ridge and transplant: After the crops are harvested in autumn, the fields should be aired and ploughed in time, and the depth should be within the range of dense roots, and the ploughing depth should be more than 30cm. The ridge height of ridging is between 25 and 30 cm, and the width of ridge bottom is between 70 and 80 cm. The daily minimum temperature should be higher than 5℃, the average temperature should be between 13℃ and 15℃, and the ground temperature before transplanting in the field should be above 10℃. Transplanting is generally carried out in our province from mid-February to early March. The spacing between transplanted plants should be 55cm to 60cm, and the row spacing should be 1 10cm to 120cm. Water and apply base fertilizer when transplanting.

cochlea

transplant

4. Field management: topdressing, film uncovering and soil cultivation. Generally, topdressing is divided into three times after transplanting: seedling-raising fertilizer is applied 7 days after transplanting; After transplanting 14- 17 days, small soil cultivation and fertilization were carried out; Apply a lot of soil fertilizer about 30 days after transplanting. According to the growth of tobacco leaves, uncover the film and cultivate the soil in time to ensure field hygiene. Irrigation and drainage in tobacco fields. See if the tobacco plants show signs of wilting and decide whether irrigation is needed. When the weather is dry, water it in time to ensure the supply of soil moisture; When there is too much rain, it is necessary to clear the smoke ditch in time, eliminate the accumulated water in the field, and rationally drain and irrigate. Pest control. With what? Prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control? Plant protection policy, focusing on the prevention and control of tobacco virus disease, bacterial wilt, powdery mildew, tobacco budworm and tobacco aphid, standardizing the use of pesticides, controlling pesticide residues and improving the safety of tobacco leaves. Topping, leaf retention and bud suppression. According to the growth of tobacco plants, the timing of topping should be accurately grasped in sunny morning, with about 20 effective leaves per plant, and chemical bud suppressants should be applied to suppress buds within 1 ~ 2 days after topping. Tobacco leaves produce fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is peanut cake fertilizer (unfermented), wheat bran and composted farmyard manure; The special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is a ternary compound fertilizer based on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the proportion determined by balanced formula fertilization. Potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate; Floating seedling raising is a special fertilizer for seedling raising, which is composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements.

Early prosperity

Late prosperity

mature period

5. Mature harvesting: Tobacco leaves grow normally in the field. According to the mature characteristics, 2 ~ 3 pieces can be harvested at a time, with an interval of 6? It should be harvested once a day for 7 days. The middle and lower leaves should be harvested after the dew dries in the morning, and the upper leaves should be harvested before 10 in the morning of dry weather. The lower leaves should be harvested in time, the middle leaves should be harvested and the upper leaves should be fully harvested. After harvesting the middle leaves, stop harvesting for 18 days to 15 days, then harvest the upper leaves, and harvest the top 4-6 leaves once they are fully mature. The quantity of harvested tobacco leaves should match the capacity of the curing barn, and harvesting, loading and ignition curing should be completed on the same day. The harvested tobacco leaves should be placed in a cool place, lying flat and piled up at a height of 30? Cm, in order to avoid extrusion, exposure and overheating, and stacking should not damage and disturb the stacking level of tobacco leaves.

6. Intensive curing: according to the maturity, length and defective times of fresh tobacco leaves, they are carefully selected, classified and woven. Usually, tobacco clips or traditional tobacco stems are used to obtain the same quality as tobacco clips (tobacco stems). When using tobacco clips, the weight of each clip of fresh tobacco leaves is 15 kg ~ 18 kg, which requires tobacco leaves to be clamped without leaving gaps; When using tobacco stems, the length of the stems is 1.45m, and the weight of fresh tobacco per stem is 10 kg ~ 13 kg, leaving about 5m at both ends. The number of cigarettes in standardized bulk curing barn is 4500 ~ 5000 ㎏, the clamping distance is 5cm, and the rod distance is 10 cm ~ 12 cm. If the plane wind speed of the tobacco loading room is uneven and weak, the rod spacing can be appropriately increased in the place where the tobacco leaves dry slowly.

Tobacco leaf baking

7. Graded acquisition: the growth position of flue-cured tobacco leaves on tobacco plants is divided into 8 positive combinations and 5 subgroups, and divided into 42 grades according to 7 appearance grade factors such as maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content, chromaticity, length and damage. Follow? Combination of unification and separation, two-tier management, scale planting and professional service? In principle, it is equipped with grading personnel, venues, facilities and equipment to provide professional services for tobacco farmers in the tobacco grading process.

Specialized graded loose-leaf collection

8. Tobacco distribution: determine the tobacco distribution plan according to the planting and purchasing plan. Municipal tobacco companies negotiate with customers of industrial enterprises to determine the allocation quantity, and report it to Guangdong Company of China Tobacco Corporation for approval before implementation. Municipal tobacco companies sign tobacco sales contracts with industrial customers in the online trading system of China Tobacco Corporation. Before tobacco allocation, the decomposition contract should be signed one by one according to the loading quantity. The tobacco producing areas in our province mainly signed tobacco sales contracts with Guangdong Zhongyan, Shenzhen Zhongyan, Yunnan Zhongyan, Guizhou Zhongyan, Sichuan Zhongyan, Chongqing Zhongyan, Hubei Zhongyan and Shaanxi Zhongyan.

9. redrying processing: there are two tobacco redrying companies in Shaoguan and Meizhou in our province, with an annual processing capacity of 6.5438+0.2 million tons and 7 service industrial enterprises. According to the national bureau? Twelfth Five-Year Plan? The technical transformation scheme of threshing and redrying enterprises is deployed, Shaoguan redrying company in our province implements the overall technical transformation on the spot, and Meizhou redrying company implements the local technical transformation on the spot, which is expected to be fully completed on 20 18.