History and Culture of Jianghan Plain

China is an important grain production base.

In the late Paleolithic period 50,000 years ago, there were primitive human activities here. The site where primitive people lived was found in Jingshan Wusan Farm and Jigongshan, about five kilometers northeast of Jingzhou City. In addition, there are many stone tools unearthed in the Holocene gray-black soil layer in Jingshan, Zhongxiang and Jingzhou, indicating that human activities in Jianghan Plain were quite frequent at that time.

With the development of society in the Neolithic Age, the primitive culture in Jianghan Plain became more developed and prosperous. Daxi culture, Qujialing culture and Shijiahe culture constitute the main body of primitive culture in this area. These three primitive cultures left rich traces of human activities in Jianghan Plain, among which Qujialing Culture and Shijiahe Culture were first discovered and named in Jianghan Plain, and Daxi Culture was first discovered in Daxi Site in Wushan County, Chongqing, but also distributed in Jianghan Plain.

The understanding of the primitive culture in Jianghan Plain is mainly through various heritages left by primitive humans.

Jianghan Plain (3 sheets)

Understanding of deposits. Among these relics, there are relics of different times and properties, as well as various production tools and daily necessities. There are not only Paleolithic sites such as Jigong Mountain in Jingzhou, Taihu Brick Factory and Jingshan Wusan Farm, but also Neolithic sites such as Shijiahe Site in Tianmen City, Husha Lake in Xiantao, Songzi Guihua Tree, Zhongxiang Liuhe, Shishou Zoumaling, Jingshan Qujialing, Youziling, Jingzhou Yinxiang City and Gongan Wangjiagang. The relics are mainly stone tools, pottery and jade used by primitive ancestors in their production and life.

The exhibits in this exhibition include relic models, which reproduce the social features and people's production and living conditions in Jianghan Plain in prehistoric times from different angles.

Jianghan Plain is located in the middle of Hubei Province, with good climatic conditions, fertile land and rich products. In ancient times, human beings thrived here and created developed culture and civilization. It is the birthplace of ancient culture in the Yangtze River valley and even in southern China, and it is also one of the regions with the highest level of primitive culture development in China. ? [4]?

modern history

Grain and cotton cloth were two main agricultural products that entered long-distance circulation in Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to Wu's research, these two commodities increased in the market in Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially in Qing Dynasty. In the middle of Qing dynasty, about 36 million stone rice entered the field of long-distance circulation every year. In addition to 6 million stone grains, 30 million stone grains are commercial grains, which is three times that of the late Ming Dynasty. Among them, the Yangtze River Delta is the most important grain import area. The second most important commodity is cotton cloth, and 65,438+05% of all commodity cloths or 45 million pieces per year enter the long-distance circulation market. According to Schultz's logic, as the existing rice

Future agricultural ecological landscape model in Jianghan plain

In areas where cotton cloth is also produced, Jianghan Plain should respond more actively to this expanding market, increase production and export more rice and cotton cloth. However, as shown by Wu, in the middle of18th century, only a small amount of wheat entered the long-distance trade in northern Hubei (including parts of Jianghan Plain); Jianghan cotton cloth is only a very small part of long-distance trade (the proportion is unknown), and 90% cotton cloth is provided by Jiangnan. In fact, Jianghan Plain rarely exported rice grain after the early Qing Dynasty, and the cotton cloth produced was mainly for local consumption (especially farmers themselves). As will be seen below, in most cases, whether to get involved in the market is related to many factors.

Immigrants from other places moved to Jianghan Plain, mainly because there were many wasteland to be reclaimed. Most of the newcomers are war refugees or victims, and people from places with high population density. Their main purpose of moving people is to survive. They certainly hope to find a better life in this new place. However, due to the limitation of local water conservancy conditions, they have to adapt to the changing environment. They reclaimed land for survival, not for market profit. Although some small farmers participate in the market by planting cash crops, their behavior is seriously restricted by local environmental conditions.

Social customs and habits

Jianghan Plain (3 sheets)

1. Eat eel, which is eaten every Dragon Boat Festival in Jianghan Plain. Monopterus albus is also known as eel and long fish. Monopterus albus in Dragon Boat Festival is tender and delicious, rich in nutrition, not only delicious, but also nourishing. Therefore, there is a folk saying that "Monopterus albus participates in the Dragon Boat Festival". Xiantao City is known as the city of Monopterus albus in China. The culture area of Monopterus albus has reached 6.5438 0.2 million mu, and there are 2.4 million cages for culturing Monopterus albus, with an output of 50,000 tons, accounting for 265.438 0% of the total national culture output. The annual output value exceeds 65.438+0.5 billion yuan, and the average benefit per mu reaches 5,000 yuan to 8,000 yuan. Its Monopterus albus is exported to all parts of the country, and brands such as "Mianyang" and "Pioneer" are also exported to South Korea, Japan, Malaysia and other countries. Monopterus albus breeding technology is mature, breeding norms and standards are perfect, and mature breeding technology has been formed. Monopterus albus has been certified as pollution-free agricultural products, and a national agricultural standardization demonstration zone and an export filing base have been established to ensure the quality and safety of products. The industrial chain is basically complete and the economic benefits are good.

2. There is a legend about the origin of boiled eggs for meals and vegetables on March 3rd: During the Three Kingdoms period, the famous doctor Hua Tuo came to Miancheng to collect herbs. One day, when he was sheltering from the rain in an old man's house, he saw that the old man was suffering from headache, dizziness, pain and embarrassment. Hua tuo immediately diagnosed the old man, picked a handful of rice dishes in the old man's garden, and asked the old man to take juice and boil eggs. The old man obeyed, took three eggs and recovered. The story spread, people scrambled eggs with rice in succession, and the craze spread all over urban and rural areas. Hua Tuo treated the elderly on March 3rd, so on March 3rd, it became the custom of Miancheng to boil eggs with rice dishes. Later, it gradually spread and became popular in Jianghan Plain.

3. Eating steamed vegetables, Tianmen is the first and only "hometown of steamed vegetables in China" in Hubei Province, located in the hinterland of Jianghan Plain, also known as "land of fish and rice", where there are abundant products, many specialties and unique food culture. More than 100 kinds of traditional snacks and famous dishes, such as Huangtan Rice Noodles, Jiangchang Xianggan, Yuekou Yuhuan, Zhanggang Huoba, Cai Wuyihe, Barrel Furnace Guokui, Tianmenhua Cake, Huangchang Cake, Orange Flower Fish Ball, Steamed Eel, Tianmen Jiuzheng, Yuan Chunyu, Zhongxing Loach, Crab Shark's Fin, American Hot Pot, Turtle Clear Soup and Stewed Fish.

folk song

Folk songs in Jianghan Plain: This area includes Hubei, southwestern Henan and parts of northern Hunan, and is the center of ancient Chu culture. Use southwest dialect. Ancient culture is relatively developed and folk art has a long history. So far, it still retains the antique local characteristics in many aspects. Ancient paintings and operas on the sky, three-stick drums and folk stories, and folk songs on the sun have been included in the national intangible cultural heritage list. Famous tracks include Sister Huang, Honghu Fishing Song and so on. The famous "Hong Hushui Waves Beat Waves", the music of the song is created by absorbing the most vital music from the ancient paintings and the folk music of Xiantao, Tianmen and Qianjiang. The song "Xianghe Ballad" and Mianyang ditty "Looking at the Moon Lang", which were popular in Jianghan Plain in 1950s, became its main music materials.