What climate zone does Henan belong to? What is the main climate type in Henan?

Lead: Speaking of Henan, we will still think of the rainstorm in Henan in July 2002/KLOC-0, which took some lives and caused serious losses to the local area. In fact, China is a country deeply affected by natural disasters, and understanding the weather changes is also conducive to prevention. So, what climate zone does Henan belong to? What is the main climate type in Henan? Come and have a look with me.

What climate zone does Henan belong to?

Most of Henan Province is in the warm temperate zone, and the south is subtropical, which belongs to the continental monsoon climate of transition from north subtropical zone to warm temperate zone. At the same time, it also has the characteristics of transition from plain to hilly and mountainous climate from east to west, with distinct four seasons, simultaneous rain and heat, complexity and diversity, and frequent meteorological disasters. From south to north, the average annual temperature in the province is 10.5 ~ 16.7℃, and the average annual precipitation is 407.7 ~ 1295.8 mm, with the most rainfall in June-August, and the average annual sunshine 1285.7 ~ 2292.9 hours, with a frost-free period.

The climate of Henan inland is also influenced by the ocean.

Located in the central and eastern part of Henan Province, the formation of climate characteristics such as "less cold rain and snow in winter, more sandstorms in spring, more hot rain in summer, sunny autumn and plenty of sunshine" is closely related to the ocean.

Rainstorm weather

First of all, Henan belongs to the monsoon climate zone. The main factor of monsoon formation is the temperature difference between the ocean and the land. For the East Asia region where it is located, the northern hemisphere is the cold source on the East Asian continent in winter, and the oceans to the east and south of the East Asian continent are the heat sources. Summer is just the opposite, so summer monsoon blows from subtropical ocean to land (southerly wind), winter wind blows from high latitude continent to ocean (northerly wind), and there is strong wind in winter. This thermal difference changes with the seasons, which makes the atmospheric circulation in East Asia change with the seasons and leads to the emergence of the East Asian monsoon.

Secondly, the formation, intensity and movement of the subtropical high, which is closely related to the rainy period of "Seven Downs and Eight Ups" in summer in Henan Province, are also inseparable from the role of the ocean. "Subtropical high" is short for subtropical high. It is an updraft in the equatorial low pressure area. In the process of flowing to the polar high, under the action of geostrophic bias and gravity, the direction of air flow is parallel to the latitude near latitude 30, which hinders the movement of air flow and makes the air gather and sink, forming dynamic high pressure. The intensity and movement of subtropical high is the baton of the distribution of summer rain belts in China.

In the summer of 20 19, Henan suffered from continuous high temperature and little rain, which was caused by the extremely long El Nino event. Although "El Nino" occurs in the distant East Pacific, it will not directly affect the weather and climate in China, but will have an impact through the change of atmospheric circulation.

Typhoon originating from the ocean is also a typical example of the impact of the ocean on the inland. On the south side of the western Pacific subtropical high, it is the main source of typhoons. After the typhoon landed with a lot of water vapor, it brought a lot of precipitation to the local area. For example, on 20 18, after the typhoon "Wambia" landed, it brought extreme weather such as heavy rain and heavy rain to Shangqiu and Zhoukou in the east of our province.

flooding and waterlogging disasters

At the same time, the ocean is also the main source of atmospheric moisture in Henan. The ocean water vapor that affects the precipitation in Henan mainly comes from two places, one is the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean and the other is the Pacific Northwest. The water vapor in Henan Province in spring mainly comes from the water vapor brought by the mid-latitude westerly wind. In addition, the water vapor in the south is also transported to Henan along the south side of the subtropical high, passing through the Indochina Peninsula and the South China Sea. In summer, the southwest monsoon in India is significantly enhanced, and the water vapor in the Bay of Bengal is transported from southwest to northeast to Henan via Indo-China Peninsula and South China Sea.

In autumn, the water vapor in the northwest Pacific passes through the easterly airflow on the south side of the western Pacific subtropical high, crosses the South China Sea and Indo-China Peninsula, joins the water vapor in the Bay of Bengal brought by the weakened southwest airflow, and then turns northeast to be transported to Henan. In winter, the summer monsoon completely retreats, and Henan is affected by the westerly belt at mid-latitude. The westerly airflow transports water vapor to Henan through northern Sichuan and Shaanxi.