How about Longnan, Gansu

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In the hinterland of the motherland, at the intersection of the western part of Qinba Mountain and the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, there is an ancient and magical place. Here are beautiful mountains and rivers, warm climate, dense forests, rich resources, beautiful people and outstanding people. This is the key to Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces. Known as "the key of Qin Long is the throat of Bashu", it is also known as "Longshang Jiangnan" in Longnan City, Gansu Province.

Longnan City is located in the south of Gansu Province, bordering Shaanxi in the east, Sichuan in the south, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the west and Dingxi and Tianshui in the north. Its geographical coordinates are1041'-10635' and 32 38'-34 365433 north latitude. It is 22 1km long from east to west and 220km wide from north to south, with a total area of 27,900km2. The city has jurisdiction over 9 counties including Wudu, Dangchang, Wenxian, Chengxian, Kangxian, Huixian, Xihe, Lixian and Liangdang, 242 townships, 3,423 villagers' committees, with 540,000 households and 2.5 million people. There are 2/kloc-0 ethnic groups such as Han, Hui and Tibetan, 7 ethnic townships, and the population of ethnic minorities is more than 50,000. The municipal government is stationed in Chengguan Town, Wudu District.

Various landforms and landforms

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Longnan is located in the mountainous area of Longnan, where the east-west fold belt of West Qinling develops, and is in the transitional zone of stepped terrain in China. It reaches Gannan Plateau in the west, Loess Plateau in central Gansu in the north, Sichuan Basin in the south and Qinling and Hanzhong Basin in Shaanxi in the east. The terrain of this city is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Mountains, deep valleys, hills and basins in the territory are distributed and staggered in turn, forming a unique and intricate magnificent landscape. Xili Mountain in the north presents a loess landform with low mountains and wide valleys, with an altitude of 1800 meters. Huicheng Basin in the east is located between the northern Qinling Mountains and the southern Qinling Mountains, with a length of more than 100 kilometers and a width of several tens of kilometers, with a hilly and wide valley topography and an altitude of about 1000 meters. There are high mountains and canyons in the southwest, and the mountains and deep valleys are staggered, with remarkable contrast. "The head is steep and the ears are rough", and the relative height difference exceeds 1000 meters. From northwest to southeast, from high mountains such as Dalaliang and Min 'e Mountain (elevation 3552m) to low mountains such as Duantou Mountain (elevation 1804m) and Jinzi Mountain (elevation 1824m), the mountains overlap. In the meantime, the valley is deep and narrow, winding and deep, with many rapids, rapids and waterfalls. The high river banks and steep cliffs in the canyon stand like a wall. Many narrow alluvial plains appear intermittently beside the valley, among which Wudu Plain is nearly 50 kilometers long and 1 km wide. Surrounding peaks: Dalaliang and Min 'e Mountains in the Yangtze River and Yellow River watershed in the north, Toumaju Mountain at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu in the east, Congdi Mountain adjacent to Gannan in the west and Motianling Mountain at the junction of Gansu and Sichuan in the south. Xiong Huang Mountain, the highest peak, is 4187m above sea level, located in Tunzhai Township, northwest of wen county. Guanzigou, the lowest point, is 550 meters above sea level, located in Zhongmiao Township, southeast of Wenxian County, which is also the lowest altitude in Gansu Province.

Dense rivers and streams.

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Longnan is the only Yangtze River valley in Gansu. There are many mountains and waters in the territory, and the water is as high as the mountains. Among the mountains, streams are undulating everywhere and waterfalls are rushing. All rivers in the city belong to Jialing River system, with 48 first-class tributaries such as Bailong River and Xihanshui, with a total length of 1.297 km. There are 75/kloc-0 secondary tributaries such as Baishui River and Minjiang River, with a total length of 4,756 kilometers; Third-class tributary 165 1 article, with a total length of 4313 km; There are 13 12 tributaries with a total length of 3428 kilometers. Hundreds of rivers compete for flow, the river network is vertical and horizontal, and the river density reaches 0.5 per square kilometer. Main rivers: The main stream of Jialing River flows through Liangdang and the southeast of Huixian, with a domestic flow of 86.2 kilometers, an annual runoff of 2.2 billion cubic meters and a drainage area of 2,556 square kilometers. The West Han River, a tributary of the upper reaches of Jialing River, flows through Lixian, Xihe, Chengxian and Kangxian, with a domestic flow of 205.6 kilometers, an annual runoff of 65.438+67 billion cubic meters and a drainage area of 9,569 square kilometers. Bailong River, the largest tributary in the upper reaches of Jialing River, flows through Dangchang, Wudu and Wenxian counties, with a domestic flow of 229.5 kilometers, an annual runoff of 9.38 billion cubic meters and a drainage area of 65.438+0.32 million square kilometers. Baishui River, a secondary tributary of Jialing River, enters at Shijiba Township, Wenxian County, and flows into Bailong River at Jiekouba, Lei Yu Township, with a domestic flow of 107.3km, an annual runoff of 3.43 billion cubic meters and a drainage area of 3,040 square kilometers. Bailong River, with Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River, is located between 33 and 34 north latitude and belongs to the 0℃ isotherm passing zone of 1. The river south of this line is not frozen, so it is the natural dividing line between the north and south of China and Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River.

Three-dimensional distribution of diverse climate

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Longnan belongs to the East Asian monsoon climate zone. Due to the special geographical location and the influence of mountains, the climate in the region is complex and diverse, with unique distribution, and the horizontal and vertical zoning are very obvious, forming a strange landscape of "one mountain with four seasons and ten miles of different days".

First, the temperature difference between north and south is large. From southeast to northwest, from subtropical humid climate to warm temperate humid climate, temperate semi-humid climate and cold and humid climate, the annual average temperature is 5℃- 15℃, sunshine hours 1700-2000 hours, active accumulated temperature is 2600-4600℃, and annual precipitation is 450-65438+. Wudu, south of Wenxian County and southeast valley of Kangxian County are below 1 1,000m above sea level, with annual average temperature above 14℃, active accumulated temperature above 4,500℃, annual precipitation above 450- 1 000mm, and local annual precipitation above 1 300mm.

Second, the vertical zoning is significant. From the valley to the top of the mountain in the southeast, with the gradual increase of terrain, the temperature and heat drop sharply, and the climate changes from subtropical zone to warm temperate zone, temperate zone and cold temperate zone, while the precipitation increases with the elevation. The higher the terrain, the more precipitation. At the same time, in places with low latitude and topography, the temperature is generally high, and the precipitation is high and low, which has a lot to do with the local topography. The distribution of population and crops is also very complicated. The proverbs summarized by the local people, that is, "one foot is not as high as one foot", "harvesting mountains in drought, harvesting Sichuan in flood, and harvesting half the mountains in drought and flood", are an image summary of the basic laws of the influence of topographic changes and water and heat distribution on agricultural production in Longnan.

The strategic artery of "Qin Long locks the key, Bashu throat"

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Longnan, located in the geographical and geometric center of China, is a traffic tunnel from northwest to southwest. Because the West Qinling Mountains straddle it, it is extremely difficult and dangerous, and it has become a natural barrier to block the traffic in Gansu and Sichuan. Since ancient times, pedestrians have regarded it as a fear of the road, and there is a swan song that "this trip is more difficult than climbing the sky." Ancient ancestors built plank roads between mountains and canyons, relying on mountains and rivers as the only way. There are mainly mountain passes and plank roads connecting Longshu traffic from Longnan to Sichuan: First, they cross Laoshan (now Sun Mountain) from Liangdang via Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province and enter Sichuan; Second, from Huixian to Lueyang, Shanxi via Dahedian, and into Sichuan along Jialing River Valley; Three, Wudu along the Bailong River Valley to Bikou, Wenxian County, into Sichuan. Longnan, because of its strategic position, has always been a battleground for military strategists and an ancient battlefield for all previous dynasties. Han Guangwu "went to Shu", Zhuge Liang went to Qishan six times, Wargo sneaked to level tone, Wu Jun resisted gold, Li Zicheng fought hard, and Taiping Army fought bloody battles in Zhangzhou ... Until the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army went north to resist Japan and the China People's Liberation Army went south to Sichuan, they all staged magnificent and epic historical dramas here, leaving many monuments for future generations to mourn.

Colorful natural scenery

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Longnan has a mild climate and beautiful scenery. The mountains and rivers in the north are both majestic and majestic, and the beautiful scenery in southern Xinjiang is one integrated mass. Yinping Tianchi, one of the three largest Tianchi lakes in China, is surrounded by green hills and is a natural "jade world". Wudu Vientiane Cave, the largest cave in the northwest, is fantastic and colorful, just like Qiongge in Sendai. Baishuijiang Nature Reserve, which is the only national protected area in Gansu Province with a north subtropical biological community and natural landscape, is known as "Xishuangbanna in Gansu Province" because of its exotic flowers and trees, capital competition, rare birds and animals, and free roaming. The natural scenic spots, such as Daheba, Santan, Hongtu River, Meiyuangou and Yunpingshan, which are distributed in all counties of the whole region, have vast forests, bursts of pines, exotic flowers and grasses, waterfalls and flowing springs, and are called "Little Jiuzhaigou in Longshang". On both sides of the Bailong River, "Gao Jiang's sharp gorge thunders and the vines are faint", just like beautiful landscape paintings; Sang Ma in Huicheng Basin is spread all over the four fields, with thousands of waves of rice and pepper, showing a prosperous scene of a land of fish and rice, which constitutes a series of unique natural landscapes, colorful and fascinating.

A long history of regional culture.

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Longnan is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation, and it is also a place where many nationalities live together. It has a long history, numerous historical sites and rich and unique regional culture. The site of Ningjiazhuang in China has a history of more than 7,000 years. Fu, the legendary ancestor of mankind, was born in Qiu Chi Mountain in Longnan. Du Yi's Xigoudun, the ancestor of the Qin people who founded the country by herding horses, is located in Lixian County, Xihe County. The ancient Bianqiang people once established local political power here and became the activity center. Many ethnic groups, such as Han, Tibetan, Hui, Di Ku and Qiang, have lived together for a long time, forming rich and colorful customs. The interaction and integration of Qinlong culture and Bashu culture, Han culture and Tibetan, Hui and other national cultures make Longnan regional culture show the remarkable characteristics of north-south integration and coexistence of ancient and modern times. In this ancient land, Zhao Yi, Qiu Jing, Xing Shu, Zhang Mao, He, Wu Pengao and other outstanding writers, calligraphers, epitaphs and historians have created a large number of works, which are famous throughout the ages. There are also the Romance of the Western Chamber, Wuhou Temple in Qishan Fort, Du Fu Caotang in Feilongxia, the site of the old country, Dengzhen Cave in Mouhu Mountain, Bafengya Grottoes, Wushan Monument and Zhao Shiyan Family Temple Monument. Scattered with scenic spots and historical sites, many cultural attractions have been formed and profound historical and cultural accumulation has been created.

Longnan, an ancient and magical place, has attracted countless scholars and writers in past dynasties, chanting praises and passing down masterpieces from generation to generation. Li Bai, a poet, traveled back and forth to Dragon Tree and set foot in Longnan, leaving behind an eternal masterpiece "Difficult Road to Shu". Poet Du Fu once lived in the same valley and wrote many well-known poems. Lu You, a patriotic poet, once joined the army in Hechi and wrote many exciting chapters. Su Shi, a great writer, once sleepwalked in Qiu Chi, and wrote an exclamation poem: "I'm at a loss, I really want to go to Qiu Chi", expressing my strong desire for Longnan.

Longnan, which is beautiful and rich, is now more vibrant and prosperous, with highways extending in all directions and tourism in the ascendant. A number of tourist routes on the Silk Road connecting Lanzhou and Tianshui to Jiuzhaigou pass through Longnan and connect the main tourist attractions in Longnan, forming Lanzhou-Labrang Temple-Dangchang-Wudu-Wenxian-Jiuzhaigou, Tianshui-Lixian-Xihe-Chengxian-Wudu-Wenxian-Jiuzhaigou. Qishan Fort in Lixian County-Licheng in Xihe River-Bian Xia in Chengxian County-Hechi in Huixian County is also an important tourist route of the Three Kingdoms. In recent years, with the rapid rise of Jiuzhaigou and the continuous development of tourism resources in Longnan, these routes are becoming tourist hotlines between the Silk Road and Jiuzhaigou, and Chinese and foreign tourists are scrambling to go.