The emperor with unknown cause of death in the history of China.

Zhao Kuangyin of Song Taizu was a very kind founding emperor. Unfortunately, he died young. He became the son of heaven in 17, and he died in a daze. In 976, he was just 50 years old. Although Song Taizu's sudden death was covered up and whitewashed in the official history of the Song Dynasty, it was proved through various flaws that Zhao Kuangyin was murdered by his brother Zhao Guangyi.

The palace mystery is full of mystery, and future generations who fail to cater to it can only touch the "fox tail" in the old paper pile. How does the wily Zhao Guangyi avoid these hecklings? It is natural to say that he is a "national thief."

First, Zhao Kuangyin's death, Zhao Guangyi is the most suspected.

The History of Song Dynasty: Biography enthusiastically praised how the two brothers treated each other with deep feelings and sincerity. Zhao Kuangyi was ill, and Zhao Kuangyin went to the bed to take care of himself. When he burned wormwood moxibustion, his brother was afraid of scalding his younger brother, so he burned himself a few times first-brotherly love, which made people feel sorry.

Zhao Kuangyin often praised his trusted minister Zhao Guangyi, saying, "My brother was born different from ordinary people. Look carefully, he is mighty and magnificent, and he must be the Taiping emperor in the future. Even modestly said, "Ford is beyond my power." What happened to the Emperor of Song Dynasty? "First" actually flatters "second"! What makes the world suspicious is that Zhao Kuangyin, who was alert and alert during the Spring and Autumn Period, unexpectedly died suddenly overnight? There is a man. Why didn't you say it was gone?

The official record is scrawled: "On an ugly night, the emperor died in the Hall of Long Live, at the age of 50. Funeral in western Yunnan order ... "As for the cause of death, didn't mention. There are all kinds of speculations: some people say that they died of alcoholism, others say that they died of abdominal swelling and ulcers ... In fact, the biggest suspect is also the biggest beneficiary-Zhao Kuangyin's political successor Zhao Kuangyi. According to the records of Shan Ye, Hunan Province, the night before Zhao Kuangyin died, the weather was extremely cold. He and Zhao Kuangyi drank together, and the two brothers drank until late at night. Zhao Kuangyi should not have stayed in the palace, but stayed with the emperor.

That night, Zhao Kuangyin let out a strange cry and heard "the sound of candles and axes". "Ember Records" even put forward the ambiguous relationship between Mrs. Huarui and Zhao Kuangyi. Many abnormal doubts were exposed on the night when Mao died. After Zhao Kuangyi ascended the throne, he personally presided over the compilation of Mao Shi Lu, and revised some contents three times. Even so, he is not satisfied himself. For the "starting point" of a dead emperor, is it troublesome? It's really shattered glass, which makes things worse.

Secondly, the so-called "pre-alliance of the golden chamber" suddenly appeared in Records of the Emperor Taizu, and the political basis of Zhao Guangyi's usurpation was erratic and ambiguous, which was difficult to convince the public.

The History of Song Dynasty depicts this mysterious "Golden Chamber" with eyes and nose-Du Taihou is a reasonable woman. Before she died, she called Zhao Kuangyin and Prime Minister Zhao Pu to bed and left an incredible "will". Empress Dowager Cixi believed that Song Zhao was able to gain the fame of the Later Zhou Dynasty because Zhou Shizong appointed a child as the emperor. If he were a heroic monarch in his prime, there would never be a "Chen Qiao mutiny".

In order not to let this painful history repeat itself, and to safeguard the hundreds of millions of years' history of Zhao Song State, the Queen Mother ordered Zhao Kuangyin to choose a "long monarch" as his successor. Zhao Kuangyin readily agreed. The Queen Mother was naturally satisfied, so she ordered Zhao Pu to write it down in black and white, and kept this political will as a "basic national policy" in the cabinet of Huang Jinbao. If so, it is fair and reasonable in Zhao Guangyi. It happened that the origin of the so-called "golden chamber pre-alliance" was very ambiguous. This is well-known hard evidence! When Zhao Guangyi ascended the throne, it was impossible to ignore the synopsis of the golden chamber.

Think about it, who wants to hide the "Fang Shangjian" of "You do things, I feel at ease" under his arm? Interestingly, when Records of the Emperor Taizu was first edited, there was no record of this important event. The "Golden Chamber Pre-Alliance" sold in the history of the Song Dynasty was added later.

After careful analysis, Zhao Guangyi's political deception is full of loopholes. When Du Taihou died, Zhao Kuangyin was only 35 years old and in good health. Zhao Guangyi is only 23 years old, not much more mature than his brother's son. At that time, Zhao Kuangyin's second son Dezhao 1 1 years old, and his fourth son Fang was 3 years old. The problem is that Zhao Kuangyin didn't die immediately. Who knows what will happen in the future? Maybe you can still enjoy this country for ten or twenty years ... why rush to arrange successors?

Even if Zhao Kuangyin died a few years later, there would be no situation in which Chai Shizong's seven-year-old orphan died in the following week. Du Taihou is a clever man. He can't do that. In addition, The Synopsis of the Golden Chamber was performed by Zhao Pucai five years after Zhao Guangyi ascended the throne. This kind of explanation of donkey's lips is not right for horse's mouth, and it can only fool aliens.

Third, the change of the year number can not wait, which is easy to cause a fait accompli.

Arguably, after the death of the old emperor, the new monarch generally continued to use the old title, and it was not until the following year that a new era was launched. However, Zhao Guangyi ignored these "mother's orders" and changed her title before the end of this year. He swept the world, changing the "nine-year treasure opening" with only two months left into "the first year of peaceful rejuvenation".

This unconventional risk-taking has put me on the platform of public opinion. He has only one motive: to "clear his name" first. Lest the emperor's throne be robbed. The practice of changing the yuan in advance was publicly criticized by historians. Song Taizong Chronology robbed Zhao Guangyi of his "little tail" and changed the year number in advance, ranking first.

Fourth, Zhao Guangyi cut off future troubles and eliminated the successors covered by the "Golden Chamber Pre-alliance".

Even if the so-called "Golden Chamber Alliance" does exist, the core of this document is only to provide a legal basis for "brotherhood". To put it bluntly, if my brother dies, he can't give it to his cubs. So, when Zhao Guangyi dies one day, what will he do behind him? Will the emperor's position fall to his brother? Or go back to Zhao Kuangyin's children?

In order to cut off future trouble, Zhao Guangyi did not hesitate to kill his close relatives. Let's start with the poem, "Mao's four sons: Chang, Li, Li and Qin Kanghui and Wang Defang.". Xiu De and Linde both died early ",that is to say, the biggest potential opponent is the old DeZhaoHe young Fang De. Besides his elder brother, the only competitor is his younger brother, Zhao Tingmei, the king of Qin. "If you want to add a crime, why not say it?" Under his personal command, his younger brother, nephews Zhao Dezhao and Zhao were cornered one by one.

As a result, Zhao Tingmei was demoted to Zhou Fang and died of depression at the age of 38; Zhao Dezhao was forced to commit suicide and reached the age of 30; Zhao Fang, like his father, died of an unknown disease at the age of 23. ...

Li Zicheng

Li Zicheng died in Jiugongshan, Tongshan County, Hubei Province, which was confirmed by experts at the National Li Zicheng Symposium held several years ago. However, how Li Zicheng died has always been controversial. The Biography of Li Zicheng in Ming Dynasty can't figure out his martyrdom. In recent years, Li Zicheng martyrdom has the following statement:

Hanging theory

He who hanged himself hanged himself. According to the report of the commander-in-chief of the Qing army, Azig, to the court, the report said: "... when he fled his country, he had only twenty people, so he was trapped by the villagers and could not escape, so he hanged himself." However, later generations thought that Li Zicheng was brave and strong, and there was no possibility of suicide. Moreover, Azig's statement is not seen with his own eyes, so the authenticity is very low.

Death in combat theory

The record in Tongshan County Records is: "Nine uncles gather in Xiaoyuankou to kill thieves first"; However, the Genealogy of Cheng recorded: "The thief Li Yan was suppressed at the foot of Niuji Mountain"; There is no clear point that Cheng Jiubo did kill Li Zicheng, only that he killed Li Yan. So who is Li Yan? What may be the relationship between Li Yan and Li Zicheng? Could they be the same person?

However, after consulting the historical materials of Li Zicheng's hometown, such as Mizhi County Records and Yan 'an Prefecture Records, it is found that there are many opinions about Li Zicheng's birth name and name, but there is no extension.

Abnormal death theory

Death by mistake is death by mistake. In Wu's Sui Koulue in the early Qing Dynasty, it was said: Li Zicheng rode twenty horses to Jiugong Mountain, and told the soldiers to stay at the foot of the mountain and visit the temple himself. The local villagers "suspected that they were robbers". When they bowed down to the statue of Yuan Di in Li Zicheng, there was a lotus bell behind them, and their heads were injured. Li Zicheng immediately fainted and "couldn't get up". At this time, the villagers swarmed and smashed their heads and died. When the villagers searched their money, they found the "golden seal" and knew that they had killed the wrong person. "Daxie, escape from the back hill."

Fight to death theory

In the Waste Book written by Fermi during the reign of Kangxi, it was said: "When Li Zicheng led eighteen riders and crossed Jiugong Mountain Ridge from Tongshan", the villagers "heard the thief coming, and a group of climbers attacked the stone and defeated eighteen riders." Li Zicheng fought with his bare hands with Cheng Jiubo, a mountaineer. Cheng Jiubo was no match. Li Zicheng fell on Cheng Jiubo and "drew his sword to kill him". But the knife was stained with blood and oozed with mud; I haven't pulled it out for a while. Just then, Cheng Jiubo's nephew Jin slammed Li Zicheng's head with a spade from behind and died immediately.

The Zen and Concealment Theory of Jiashan Temple

Viewpoint: 198 1 year, an ancient tomb was discovered in Jiashan Temple, Shimen, Hunan. Archaeologists found that the owner of the tomb, monk Feng Tianyu, was buried according to this custom, which is different from the local burial custom. Finally, through all kinds of physical evidence, he thinks that Feng Tianyu monk is probably Li Zicheng.

However, the doubt is obvious: in the history of becoming a monk in Yushan, Feng Jia, Feng Jiayu had close contacts with local officials, while Li Zicheng's appearance characteristics of "northern Shaanxi accent, a little over forty years old, blind in one eye" were quite obvious, and it was easy to expose his identity, which obviously did not match his identity.

Qingcheng retreat theory

Views put forward by relatives of Li Zicheng.

Located in the home of Weiziwan Village, Qingcheng Town, I found a copy of Li's Genealogy, which was edited in the third year of Kangxi (1664). After investigation and study, a brand-new conclusion was drawn. After Li Zicheng's defeat, he disguised himself as a monk and took refuge in his uncle Li Bin in Qingcheng, Yuzhong. In his later years, Li Zicheng lived in a nearby ravine and was buried at the foot of Longtoubaozi Mountain.

Zhu Yunwen

It is a historical fact that Judy ordered the search for Wen Jian after she ascended the throne. However, no one has conclusive evidence to prove his true intention and the true whereabouts and ending of Emperor Wen Jian, which is still an unsolved historical mystery. All kinds of dictionaries should be marked; His whereabouts are unknown.

Fu Lin

Eighteen years of Shunzhi (166 1 year)

The first month of the lunar year

On the second day of the second lunar month, the emperor shunzhi got pox and was critically ill. Summon former college students Malki and Wang Xi to draft testamentary edict.

Shunzhi was shot by Zheng Chenggong in Xiamen?

At Zhang Zongqi's home, the reporter saw a copy of this manuscript, in which two paragraphs related to the death of Shunzhi were impressive.

One of them is: "Someone secretly told the princes that the puppet emperor Shunzhi was really thinking about the shelling of Minggang, but Dasu was too secretive to make public and had no whereabouts in Beijing, so he recalled Dasu to Beijing, and Dasu committed suicide for fear of committing a crime. Even when the prince ascended the throne, he announced that Shunzhi collapsed in the first month, which was also a trick of pseudo-Lu. Fan said: I counted it, too, but I was in a trance and didn't dare to believe it again. " It is reported that Zheng Chenggong and the emperor shunzhi were killed by shelling in Siming Port, Xiamen. General Dasu dared not announce the news, and he could not find the whereabouts of Shunzhi in Beijing. Dasu committed suicide for fear of sin. Later, the Prince acceded to the throne and announced the death of Shunzhi. This is a way for the court to cover up the truth. Zheng Chenggong said, "I realize this, but I feel in a trance and can't believe it."

The second article is: "The Taishi wrote a letter to the princes in Beijing at the beginning. The Lord refused, but Lu Shunzhi was not guilty. Even if Shunzhi collapsed, there was a gap between the ruler and the Taishi, so I advised Prince Lu that if Francisco could kill his father, my emperor could not kill his father. Prince Lu accepted it, and when he ascended the throne, the Taishi was killed. " Zheng Zhilong, the commander-in-chief of Nanming Dynasty, wrote many times to persuade Zheng Chenggong to surrender after he entered Beijing in the Qing Dynasty, but Shunzhi only put him under house arrest without conviction. After Shunzhi's death, assistant minister Suksa held a grudge against Zheng Zhilong and suggested to the prince, "Zheng Chenggong can kill our first emperor with a cannon, but can't the emperor kill his father?" The prince took his advice, and soon after he ascended the throne, Zheng Zhilong was executed.

In addition, in addition to these two paragraphs directly proving the cause of death in Shunzhi, there is a related paragraph that has not been seen in Zheng Chenggong's previous research materials. His article said, "It is for Kangxi to report the collapse of Shunzhi and the puppet dynasty, and the Crown Prince acceded to the throne. Fan said, "The puppet regime suffered a great loss, and the Soviet Union was defeated, so I will have no time to take care of the south. I should take the barbarians as the fundamental place as soon as possible, and then make plans for the northern expedition. "Mr. Zhang Zongqi believes that this passage explains the timing of Zheng Chenggong's choice to attack Taiwan Province, which has considerable historical value.

Several old sayings about the death of Shunzhi

In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (166 1), on the eighth day of the first month, Fu Lin, the first son of heaven in the Qing Empire, died of illness. His son Michelle Ye ascended the throne, that is, Emperor Kangxi, the holy father of the Qing Dynasty. However, soon, the news about Shunzhi's becoming a monk was widely circulated among the people, and there were many interpretations, which made Shunzhi's death mysterious and became a historical mystery that has not been finalized so far. In the official history of Qing Dynasty, such as Draft of Qing History, Records of Shunzhi and Records of Qing Dynasty, there are few figures about the death of Shunzhi, which gives people the feeling of being secretive.

On the seventh day, he died in hall of mental cultivation. In the testamentary edict, there were 18 years of state affairs and 14 counts. The testamentary edict made Michelle Ye, the third son, the prince, and appointed four ministers, Sony, Suksaha, Zieba Bilong and Ao Bai, to assist the eight-year-old young emperor.

On the eighth day, officials were sent all over the country to issue wills.

Li Zicheng was an all-powerful peasant leader in China17th century. When, where and why did he die after the defeat? For hundreds of years, there have been misunderstandings between official history and private history, genealogy and local chronicles. Some people have different opinions: some people say that he committed suicide, some people say that he was killed, and some people say that he escaped Zen and died of old age; There are also several versions of death, such as Hubei, Hunan, Shanxi, Jiangxi and Guizhou. Although a tomb was built in Tongshan County, Hubei Province, the debate never stopped.

Shortly after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), according to the analysis of relevant historical materials, it was verified that Li Zicheng was killed by Cheng Jiubai, a villager, in Jiugongshan, Tongshan, Hubei. After that, the relevant units confirmed that Li Zicheng died in the first ten days of May in the second year of Shunzhi (1645) through on-the-spot investigation and excavation of archival materials. The statement that Li Zicheng died in Jiugong Mountain of Tongshan is almost conclusive. But 198 1 At the beginning of this year, Li Zicheng's woodcut version of Plum Blossom Hundred Rhymes was found in Jiashan, Shimen, Hunan Province, and Taming ashes and brick carvings were found in the tomb of Jade Monk in Fengtian. Many people confirmed that the monk Fengtian Jade was Li Zicheng, and put forward the theory that Jiashan was a monk, which triggered the climax of the debate.

According to the "Zen-Seclusion" theory, the cultural relics about Feng Tianyu, a monk, discovered in recent years further prove that Li Zicheng really became a monk in his later years. First of all, during the Qianlong period, He Lin, the magistrate of Fengzhou, went to Jiashan for a field trip and met a 70-year-old monk who had served Feng Tianyu and had a Shaanxi accent. He told He Lin that Feng Tianyu came to the temple in the early years of Shunzhi and took out his portrait, which was "as simple as Li Zicheng recorded in historical books". Biography of Li Zicheng written by He Lin was included in Zhi Lin of Fengzhou, and later excerpts were also found in History of Chun 'an and Chronicle of Xiaotian. Secondly, in the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), Li Zicheng was called "Marshal Tian Feng and Chongyi", later called "Xinshun King", and called himself "Tian Feng Yu", that is, "King Tian Feng" was added to hide his name. Thirdly, there is a poem "Dong" in Jiashan's newly discovered woodcut version of "Hundred Rhymes of Plum Blossoms", which says, "You may listen to the politics of three flowers", which is quite different from that of monks, but it is like an emperor listening to the politics of three pavilions. Fourthly, there are three existing stone tablets in Jiashan: Broken Stone Tablet written by Yang in the 14th year of Kangxi and Rebuilding the Stone Tablet of Lingshuan Temple in Jiashan by Wang You in Tongzhou in the 30th year of Daoguang, all of which prove that the monk is Li Zicheng.

However, I think the statement that Li Zicheng died in Jiugong Mountain, Tongshan, Hubei Province in the second year of Shunzhi is credible, and the monk Feng Tianyu can't be Li Zicheng. First, He Phosphorus's statement is not credible. For example, the portrait of the king of heaven does not match the history books. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng was said to be "ferocious", and in the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, he was called a "blind thief". However, the left eye of the portrait was not stung, indicating that it has nothing to do with Li Zicheng. Second, the three existing stone tablets in Jiashan cannot prove that Li Zicheng finally caught the mountain, but only that there is a man named Feng Tianyu. Dong Zhong's sentence of "Xu listens to the three words and governs" is nothing more than a poem, which is not true, and the Li Zicheng regime has not said three words. Third, Li Zicheng has long claimed to be "Long live Li" and "never arrogate to himself until he dies". He did not implicitly use the title of emperor, but used the title of king as "Tian Feng Yu", which is also not credible. Fourth, Wang Fuzhi, a scholar of Hunan University, was contemporary with Li Zicheng. His Li Yongzhi recorded authoritatively that Li Zicheng and Jiugong Mountain were "killed by natives". At the same time, Cheng's genealogy has been revised by several generations. Although it originated in the Republic of China, the story about Cheng Jiubai's killing of Li Zicheng was copied according to the old genealogy, and it was by no means a fabrication. This spectrum is also consistent with that in Zhu Jiapu and Gu Ming Shi. Fifth, the stirrup relic of Jiugong Mountain that broke into the tomb has a special shape and is engraved with the name of Yongchang, which is not the thing of ordinary soldiers. This is circumstantial evidence of Li Zicheng's military equipment; The archive materials preserved to this day, such as Ma Zhaokui's exposure in Hubei and Zheng Siwei's exposure in Jingzhou, clearly point out that 1645 "rebellion has been eliminated" and the rest of Dashun Army made Li Zicheng's brother "master". If Li Zicheng is not dead, how can a new master be established? At the same time, "Ming history? According to Biography of Duyin Tin, Li Zicheng was called "the first emperor" and Gao was called "the empress dowager", which is also strong evidence of Li Zicheng's death.

Others believe that Li Zicheng died of illness in Luogong Mountain, Qianyang, Hunan Province, based on Gu Yingtai's Ming History and Ji's Ming Beilue in the early Qing Dynasty, both of which have detailed and clear records, and pointed out that "there was a congratulatory table in the Qing Dynasty", which is highly credible. Judging from the actual situation at that time, it was entirely natural for Li Zicheng to March to Hunan, and he was exhausted because of insufficient supplies of materials and medicines, and he could not afford to get sick or even die.

To sum up, I think it is unlikely that Li Zicheng will become a monk. It should be said that it is most likely to die in Jiugong Mountain.