Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - Where was Lin Zexu sent?

Where was Lin Zexu sent?

As the modern history of China began with the Opium War of 1840, Lin, a hero who banned smoking, was the first person in modern history. Unfortunately, the first hero just lit a fire in the South China Sea to sell cigarettes, and was sent to Xinjiang to be punished by North Korea. Work and sin are intertwined in a person in an instant, distorted and recreated, like atomic fission, producing an unexpected result.

As the biggest private owner, the feudal emperor always took heaven as his private interest. Daoguang hesitated on the issue of smoking ban, and ministers were divided into two factions. I guess it was Lin Zexu's famous memorial, which pointed out that if opium was allowed to flood again, the Central Plains would "defend Serenade against the enemy" and "have no money to pay" decades later, which seriously dealt a blow to his selfishness. He felt that his family was in danger, so he whipped the fast cow and gave Alin an imperial envoy who banned smoking. Seeing that the country was in danger and the people were weak, Lin entrusted it with a heavy responsibility, saying, "If the opium is not exhausted for a day, the minister will not return for a day, and he vowed to be consistent with this matter." He is too naive to know that he "can't go back" and opium "will never stop" It's not his call, but he must listen to the emperor. Sure enough, he was only in office for one and a half years, and in September 1940, he was dismissed and demoted to Zhenhai. In July of the following year, "re-send Yili to atone". On Lin's way to Xinjiang, the Yellow River overflowed. At the initiative of Wang Ding, Minister of Military Affairs, Lin Zexu was sent to the Yellow River to plead guilty to water control. After the flood control was completed half a year later, everyone was rewarded with meritorious service, but what he got was the decree of "still going to Ili". It was under such repeated blows that Lin Zexu left Yumenguan in the west.

However, since Lin Zexu began to travel west, he has been guilty. As he drifted away from the imperial court, the cold air in the DPRK gradually faded, while the enthusiasm of the people and middle and lower officials for him gradually rose. This sharp contrast was not only unexpected by Lin Zexu at that time, but also unexpected by us after 100 years.

When Lin Zexu was dismissed in Guangdong and Zhenhai, the local people expressed strong resentment. No matter what the emperor Lao Tzu said or did, he went to Lin Zexu's residence to pay his respects, and the crowd was jammed all over the street. They sent boots, umbrellas, censers and mirrors to Lin Zexu, and also sent 52 cards to express their admiration for national heroes and protest against the imperial court. Lin Zexu was demoted again after he ruled the river, and the Central Plains immediately launched a rescue climax. Zou, the magistrate of Kaifeng Prefecture, publicly announced: "Anyone who can save Lin Zexu will be rewarded with 100,000 yuan." After Lin Zexu set out from the Central Plains, he went west all the way and was baptized as a hero. No matter officials at all levels or ordinary people are scrambling to see him off, they all want to do something for him to alleviate his psychological and physical pain. The mountain is high and the emperor is far away, and the people's hearts are smooth. On August 2 1 and 1842, Lin left an. "More than 30 people were sent to the suburbs by generals, academies, ministries, prefectures, counties and battalions." In Lanzhou, the governor personally led the civilian out of the city to meet him, and the military attache met him ten miles away. When passing Gulang County, Gansu Province, the county magistrate greeted him at the post station 3 1 from the county seat. Tea, food, shelter and transportation along Lin Zexu's westbound route are arranged in every possible way. When he arrived in Hami, Xinjiang, the minister of the household department led the civil and military officials, went to the pavilion to visit Lin, and sent someone to mount the horse. When he arrived in Urumqi, local officials not only warmly received him, but also hired five big cars, one Taiping car and two small cars for him. 1842 65438+February 1 1 After a long journey of four months and three days, Lin Zexu finally arrived in Yili, Xinjiang. General Bu Yan of Yili immediately went to the apartment to deliver food and tea, and appointed him to be in charge of the salary. This is not the guilty minister who supervised Chao Yan's exile. It is simply a hero who welcomes the triumph. Lin Zexu was a broken brick thrown by the emperor, but the broken brick was gently caught by middle and lower officials and people before it landed and placed among them.

Now waiting for Lin Zexu are two tests:

One is the torture of harsh environment. Judging from the available data, we know that although Lin Zexu was cared for by the people, he still suffered a lot. Due to old age and infirmity, the road is rugged. As soon as Lin passed the nunnery, his spleen ached with nosebleeds. When he started from Urumqi and entered Yili via Guozigou, it was snowing all over the sky, and there was thick ice under his feet. He could not ride a horse or take a bus, so he had to walk south. The two sons who accompanied him into Xinjiang helped his father on both sides, and they were so heartbroken that they burst into tears, so they knelt on the ground and prayed to heaven; If the father can be forgiven as soon as possible, the child is willing to cross the ditch barefoot. After Lin Zexu arrived in Yili, he was "weak and often caught a cold", "unable to write more than 200 words and read less than 30 lines". In history, many courtiers died in places where they were sent, which was originally one of the purposes of the emperor. Lin Zexu felt an invisible shadow on him. He wrote in his diary: "I deeply feel that time is a pity, and the twilight scene can hurt!" "It is getting more and more serious to scratch white hair, but there are still Dan Xin who can endure torture." He is trying to fight the disease with his heart.

The second is the loneliness from the battlefield. Lin left the Central Plains step by step. When he arrived in Jiuquan, he heard the news that the Qing government signed the treaty of nanking and was deeply saddened by the difficulties of state affairs. In his letter to a friend, he said: "I can ignore it all my life, but the Central Plains has been ravaged, like a prairie fire ... looking back sideways, I can't sleep." He lamented in a poem: "The buffoon will die, and the Central Plains looks forward to clarification. Wan Li dreams of Guanshan, and I still listen to the drums in Jiangdong. " Originally, all promising intellectuals in feudal society hoped to be reused by the court and do something for the country and the nation. This is the greatest wish for courtiers and the core of people's life values. To deprive them of this wish now is to deprive them of their lives and let them be destroyed in pain and loneliness.

The scenery outside Yumenguan is bleak, and human feelings are gone. It's really a good place to torture the guilty minister's body and mind. One day is yellow sand, and another day is yellow sand; Walking for one day is ice and snow, and walking for another day is ice and snow. No one, no village, no city. There is no essential difference between this emptiness and loneliness and putting you in prison. Marx said that in reality, human nature is the sum of all social relations. Push you into the desert Gobi, cut off all relations at once, are you still human? Alas, people are not people! Especially for a knowledgeable and thoughtful person, a person who has done something, and an ambitious person for the future.

"Snow frequently adds a shadow to the temples, and spring temporarily borrows ill health. Wandering for three years, there are still many years to go. "

"XinShao will come one by one tomorrow. When will the relocated guests go back together? Empty lights are wasted, but there is no god to sell diseases. " (The Book of New Year's Eve)

He spent New Year's Eve alone.

"Snow moon Tianshan night light, BianYin used to sing cool. The lonely village wine is helpless, and the red skirt is endless. " (Mid-Autumn Festival)

He spends the Mid-Autumn Festival alone.

"DiJuQuan when exploring flowers. Endure the light throw, glory 90, the wind is sweet. Cold jade does not melt ice and snow, and the curtain is fragrant. It is God's will to let bloom's flowers wither. Don't ask, spring hasn't come yet. " ("Jin Lu Song Spring Festival Evening Watching Flowers")

He chewed the loneliness of spring in the changing seasons.

The people in power are really smart. He just wants you to do nothing in this environment and kill your ideal will. No matter how you shout, laugh wildly and lament, the empty Gobi absorbs all this in an instant, which is more terrible than an echo cell. No matter what kind of person you are, you should be an ordinary person, a mediocre person, and be kicked out of your mind here. Lin Zexu is an experienced minister who can be used as a historical punctuation mark. The fire of banning smoking is still burning in the chest, and the sound of the waves in the South China Sea is still echoing in the ears. Thousands of miles away, the government and people are still struggling helplessly with the British. He can only face the loneliness of this desert. Dogs cook rabbits and birds hide in bows. "When will the vault be available? I hope to get on the short-sleeved car." He is a strong man tied up and hung on the wall. He is in a hurry and can't push.

How to get rid of this situation? The most conventional way is to muddle along, bear hardships and stand hard work, and strive to recall Chao Yan as soon as possible. In particular, you can't make trouble again, only to increase your guilt. Generally, try to please the emperor and bribe officials. At this time, Lin's family and friends in the mainland are raising funds to atone for him according to the laws of the Qing Dynasty. Lin Zexu flatly refused. He wrote that "the reason for being accused is really different from ordinary" and "this matter must be terminated and not blasphemed". He made it clear that I had done nothing wrong. If this false crime is really redeemed, I will plead guilty. Why should I face history? He has no selfish desires, and he doesn't have to bow to anyone. For his creed, he can tolerate all unfairness. He chose heaven and earth, went his own way, did not change his original intention, and did his best for the country.

Seeing that there were wasteland everywhere, Lin Zexu suggested to General Yili to open up wasteland and consolidate the border, and first assisted the general to open up 200,000 mu of wasteland at the edge of the city. Reclaiming wasteland must first build water conservancy, and here, Lin, who has no habit and experience in water conservancy, took the lead in standardizing, donated his own private money and built a canal. This project, called "Gong Lin Canal" by later generations, has been used for 123 years, and it was not retired until the new canal was completed in 1967. Just as Han Yu sent the South China Sea coast to bring advanced farming techniques to the Central Plains, Lin Zexu also extended inland water conservancy and seed value technology to the most northwest border of the Qing Dynasty. He also discovered and studied the special water conservancy project "Karez" created by local people, and vigorously promoted it. The emperor wanted to torture him with the harsh environment in the frontier, but he transformed the environment with his own will and talent; The emperor wanted to kill him with loneliness and loneliness, but he broke into thunder in this ancient wasteland.

Lin Zexu made great contributions in repairing canals and reclaiming farmland in Yili, but just as he did in the Yellow River, the emperor spared him and sent him to reclaim farmland in southern Xinjiang. Although the northern Xinjiang is remote, there is more rainfall and agriculture is acceptable. Southern Xinjiang has a vast sand sea, hot weather, few people and no language. This is undoubtedly a bigger and more bitter torture for Lin Zexu. For the emperor, this is a further punishment for him, while for him, it is to do more for the country and the people in his later years. 18451October 17, Lin zexu set out from Yili, accompanied by Saner Yicong. The following year, he went south to Kashgar and east to Hami, and explored the eastern and southern territories. He has experienced cold winter and scorching sun, walked through Gobi, lived in huts, yurts and crypts. When the wind blew, he was so angry that he couldn't sleep, and even the people and cars were blown away. Wherever Lin Zexu went, Saner and his entourage set up tents to cook, and he immediately worked at his desk. The next day he will take a nap in the car, and his work is as tense and arduous as marching. He wants to personally inspect the earthwork, check the quality of the reclamation and canal repair project, and ask his subordinates to "go up to the DPRK, go down to the people and be friends." Others don't quite understand. He is a guilty minister defending the border. Why is he so serious? Where did he get this spirit? Sadly, this time it was an "imperial envoy", but it was completely different from the ban on smoking in the south. This is a slave labor given by the emperor. He leads a boring life and has no birthright. All his contributions can only be recorded in the names of local officials, and even he has no right to write to the emperor, report his work and reflect problems. He can only draft a manuscript and type it in the name of others.

How embarrassing it is, and how mentally tortured it is. But he endured, he didn't care, as long as he could work and contribute to the country. For a whole year, he added 690,000 mu of cultivated land for the Qing government, which greatly enriched the national treasury and consolidated the border defense. Lin Zexu really did a "non-stock" thing. He acted as a loyal minister in the name of a guilty minister.

Another "extra" thing for Lin Zexu is that he boldly carried out a "land reform". When the exploration work was about to be completed and returned to Hami, 100 many officials, gentry and businessmen knelt in front of Lu's sedan chair and stopped to complain. It turns out that the mountains here are high and the emperor is far away. King Hami has taken away all the land within his jurisdiction, as well as coal mines, mountains, melon gardens, vegetables and so on. The local Han and Uighurs have no land for farming, even if the garrison builds barracks and pulls a load of soil, it will cost tens of pence, and it will cost the people a few taels to bury a dead person. The local king arbitrarily deducted state taxes, and no one dared to manage it for decades. After receiving the letter, Lin Zexu flew into a rage: "This throat area is the most congested area, with no land and no food, which is several times that outside the city." He made a decision to distribute more than 10,000 mu of cultivated land in Wang Zhan to local Han and Uygur farmers for cultivation, and posted a notice: "Xinjiang and the mainland are within the unification of the imperial territory, and there is no room for selfishness. Both Chinese and Uighurs are in the process of kindness and education, and there is no difference. We must live in harmony with each other and there is no division in the field. " In order to prevent accidents, he also carved this notice into a monument, "Standing beside Chengguan Avenue, let everyone look forward to and abide by it forever." As soon as the notice came out, people of all ethnic groups rushed to tell each other that they not only had a livelihood, but also had national harmony and consolidated border defense. You know, as a guilty minister, he is interfering in another "business"! Just then, the Qing dynasty expanded the pardon, and Lin Zexu walked to the customs with gratitude and reluctant wishes.

More than a hundred years later, I came to look for traces of Gong Lin. Huiyuan City has been destroyed by Russian invasion. In Huiyuan City, I proposed that I must visit the former residence of East Second Lane in the south of the city where my husband lives. The escort said that the original city was gone, and now the city was rebuilt by 1882, 7 kilometers behind the original city. It doesn't matter. I am looking for soul of china that shines on China's modern history, but why its carrier has nothing to do with its essence. I walked carefully into the alley, the low wall of the yard, the melon shed and the bean vine. In the past, the swallows in front of Lin Gongtang still spread their wings to welcome guests from afar. Unwilling, I drove south to find the old city. Through a village, along the towering poplars, through a canal, there is an earth wall next to a dense cornfield, which is Guhuiyuan City. Under the setting sun, the thick loess cut through the endless green sea, like a levee that goes straight into the sky. I feel that Gong Lin's soul is full of the world, running through ancient and modern times.