Loulan in the prosperous period

Loulan Ancient City Site is located in Ruoqiang County, 7 kilometers west of Lop Nur and south bank of Peacock River. The whole site is scattered in the Ya Dan terrain on the west bank of Lop Nur. Loneliness, the environment is extremely desolate and dangerous. However, according to historical records, as early as the 2nd century BC, Loulan was one of the most prosperous areas in the Western Region. With a population of 14000 and nearly 3000 soldiers, the ancient Loulan was indeed a vast country. Located at the crossroads of the Silk Road, Guloulan is the gateway of east-west traffic and the bridgehead for the Han Dynasty to enter the western regions. At that time, on this traffic line, it was a "street messenger", with busy traffic and prosperous urban economy. The ancient city of Loulan has a very prosperous history and splendid oasis culture. Strangely, after five or six hundred years of prosperity, the famous kingdom of Loulan suddenly disappeared, without records or names. In the 7th century A.D., when Tang returned from the Buddhist scriptures, he saw the "lonely corridor and deserted people" in Loulan country, and its depression scene made people feel vicissitudes! 1900 In March, Sven Hedin led a team to inspect Lop Nur, which was almost completely annihilated, thus claiming that it was a terrible "sea of death"! China's famous scientist Peng Yu 1980 disappeared in Lop Nur in May, which cast a mysterious and terrible veil on this ancient city. In recent years, Yu Chunshun, a "lone ranger" in Shanghai, died in Lop Nur desert after crossing most of China for 8 years, adding a bit of desolation and tragic to Kailan ancient city. How did the ancient city of Loulan disappear? Where is the Loulan site? How bad is Loulan's natural environment? What are the cultural remains of Loulan? This has always been a concern of archaeologists and scientists at home and abroad. Loulan is also a mysterious place that Chinese and foreign adventure lovers yearn for.

The ancient city of Loulan was buried in the desert due to complex natural and man-made reasons, which led to the diversion of rivers and sandstorms. At the beginning of this century, because Eldek, a Uighur guide in Sven Hedin, inadvertently let Sven Hedin discover the ancient city of Loulan in order to find the lost hoe, which aroused great concern of the world. Archaeologists and explorers from all over the world flocked to the ancient city of Loulan, and the value of the cultural relics they excavated shocked the world, and the number was countless. In addition to the stone axe, husband, knife and arrow in the Neolithic age, there are Han bamboo slips, Chinese documents, silk books, wood products, pottery, bronzes, glassware and ancient coins. Among them, Jin Dynasty Warring States policy and Han Jin manuscripts are the most precious. Also discovered the famous "Li Bo Literature", and according to this literature, discovered the nearby "Haitou" ancient city, and published some monographs. From 65438 to 0927, Huang Wenbi, an archaeologist in China, also visited Loulan, unearthed a large number of cultural relics, and published a monograph "Archaeology of Robnaoer". Chinese and foreign scholars praise Loulan as a treasure buried in the desert, a museum left over from history and Pompeii in the East. After liberation, many modern inspection teams were set up in China to inspect Loulan sincerely. Now it is clearly found that Loulangu is located at 80 degrees 55 minutes 12 seconds east longitude, and the distance from nearby towns to the north is 3430 minutes 57 seconds. The ancient city covers an area of 6.5438+0.2 million square meters, slightly square, with a side length of about 330 meters. The walls made of mud, reeds and branches are still discernible. An ancient river with a general northwest-southeast trend runs obliquely through the city, dividing the ancient city into northeast and southwest regions. Only stupa and its nearby buildings are left in the northeast, with residual height 10. 4 meters, made of adobe, glutinous rice paste and wicker, is the tallest building in the city. At that time, there were official offices in the southwest-the ruins of three houses and some small courtyards. In the ancient city, Populus euphratica wooden beams, purlins, rafters and other wooden components used for building houses abound, many of which have been chiseled and engraved with patterns, showing a considerable level of technology. There are ancient beacon towers, granaries, ancient tombs and other sites around the ancient city. The mummy of 3800 years ago, Beauty of Loulan, was also unearthed in the ancient tomb ditch of Loulan. There are also many cultural relics in Loulan ancient city, such as pottery fragments, carpets, ancient copper coins, ancient weapons, silk fragments and so on. As long as you look for and dig on the surface, you may become an "archaeological discoverer."

The mysterious Loulan strongly stimulates the exploration desire of tourists at home and abroad. In recent years, there has been an upsurge of Loulan's exploration at home and abroad, and expeditions from various countries have poured in, among which Loulan's Japanese friends are the hottest. 1998 During the Spring Festival, dozens of Shanghai explorers followed the footsteps of Shanghai lone ranger Yu Chunshun to Loulan and spent an extraordinary New Year in the "Pompeii City" in the East. They are all very excited.

Loulan's exploration is extremely difficult. The salt crust on the surface uplift and the complicated wind erosion "Ya Dan" landform are extremely difficult to pass through. Off-road vehicles only advance two or three kilometers per hour, and cars make sharp turns three times every two minutes on average. Lop Nur area has a landform of 3,500 square kilometers, which is the natural barrier of the ancient city. The weather here changes quickly. In the summer afternoon, the temperature rises to 30-40 degrees Celsius, which is unbearable, while in the morning, the temperature can drop below 0 degrees, which is extremely cold. The annual precipitation in Lop Nur area is only about 10 mm, and the evaporation can reach more than 3000 mm, which is far more than 200-300 times of precipitation, and it is extremely dry. This is a restricted area where sandstorms are raging and rolling. However, it is only strange when there is danger. The magical Lop Nur, the steep landforms in Longcheng, Ya Dan, and various wonders in the desert have added a lot of novelty and excitement to Loulan's exploration, which is enough to make the explorers unforgettable.