Famous lines and appreciation of poems about autumn

Title: Night Mooring at Maple Bridge ①

Author: Zhang Ji

Rhythm: Qijue

Original text

The moon is setting, crows are crying, and the sky is filled with frost. Jiang Feng, fishing fire, is facing melancholy.

Hanshan Temple ③ outside Gusu City, the midnight bell rang to the passenger ship ④.

All notes

①. Fengqiao: outside Changmen in today’s Suzhou City. The title of this poem is "Mooring at Maple Bridge at Night".

②. Jiang Feng: maple tree by the water. Fishing lights: lights on fishing boats. Chou Mian: A person who cannot fall asleep due to sorrow. Later generations named a local mountain "Chou Mian" because of this poem.

③. Gusu: Another name for Suzhou. It is named after Gusu Mountain in the southwest of the city. Hanshan Temple: Located near Fengqiao, it was built in the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties. According to legend, it was named after Hanshan, a monk from the Tang Dynasty, who lived here.

④. Midnight bell: At that time, monks and monasteries had the habit of ringing the bell at midnight, which was also called the "Impermanent Bell". Ouyang Xiu once said in "Sixty-One Poetry Talks": "Poets are greedy for good sentences but have problems with their reasoning, which is also a disease of language. For example... there is a saying in the Tang Dynasty, 'Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the midnight bell rings to the passenger ship', the speaker also said that the sentence is It's so good, it's like the third watch is not the time to ring the bell. "Gengxi Poetry Talk" explains this: "However, in the past, when the third drum was finished and the fourth drum was started, all the temple bells would ring. I think this has happened since the Tang Dynasty." That's it. Later, Yu Hu's poem said: "I will know that I will stay at home and listen to the midnight bell in Gou Mountain." Bai Letian said, "Under the shadow of the new autumn pine trees, after the midnight bell." Wen Tingyun said, "Youran Travel List." Looking back frequently, there is no more pine window in the middle of the night. 'The predecessors said it, not only Zhang Jiye. The moon falls in the temple beside the bridge, and I can still hear the midnight bell while leaning on my pillow. "Shisou" says: "Zhang Ji's "The bell rings at the passenger ship at midnight". Many people are talking about it, and they are all fooled by the ancients. The only reason is the rhythm. He has no time to think about the tune, the combination of phenomena, and the mere facts. No matter whether it is right or wrong in the middle of the night, it is impossible to know whether the bell is heard or not." "Excerpts from Tang Poems": "The sound of the midnight bell may be said to be a mistake, or it may be said that there is a midnight bell here, but this is not an explanation. The key point is that the poet should not be attached to whatever he is inspired by. If he must be said to be attached, it is the morning bell. "The clouds are wet outside", "The sound of bells and white clouds", and "The fallen leaves are full of sparse bells" are all incomprehensible. "

Appreciation

This Qijue is the most famous of Dali poems. work. The first two sentences are densely packed with images: the falling moon, crows, the sky full of frost, river maples, fishing fires, and sleepless people, creating an aesthetic situation with rich meaning. The images in the last two sentences are sparse: cities, temples, boats, and bells, which are an ethereal and distant artistic conception. There is no moon when traveling at night, so it is difficult to see anything, but the fishing fires are eye-catching, and the frost and cold can be felt; in the middle of the night, when Khotan is silent, you can hear the crows and bells ringing. Such contrast between brightness and extinction, silence and sound contrast, the scenery is a scene and sound of love. They are all the sounds of my heart. The artistic conception is dense and scattered, blending and distant. A faint guest sorrow is dyed hazy and meaningful, swaying in the night sky of Gusu City, for the bridges, water, temples and cities there. It adds an eternal charm and attracts dream-seekers from ancient times to the present. The whole poem is unified by the word "sorrow". "Three Collections of Tang Poems": "The meaning of the whole poem starts from 'chou Mian', and the beauty is that it is not revealed." "Qisha Tang Poems": "The three characters 'dui chou mian' are the key points of the whole chapter. Ming Douai is 'chou' The word, written in virtual form, refers to the sunset scene, and the meaning of tossing and turning is evident. ""Combined Interpretation of Ancient Tang Poetry": "This poem has the most wonderful syntax, it seems to be connected and broken, and it seems to be broken and connected."

2.

Original text

Autumn Night Song

Wang Wei

The autumn dew of Gui Po is new, and the light Luo has been thin and has not been changed.

The silver zither has been played diligently for a long time at night, but I am timid and cannot bear to return to the empty room.

3.

Climbing high

Author: Du Fu

The wind is strong, the sky is high, the apes are screaming in mourning, and the white birds are flying back from the clear sand in Zhugong.

The endless falling trees rustle, and the endless Yangtze River rolls in.

Wanli is always a guest in the sad autumn, and he who has been sick for a hundred years appears alone on the stage.

The hard work hates the frost on the temples, and the new wine glass becomes turbid.

Translation:

The wind is strong and the sky is high. The cries of apes are very sad, and the birds are circling over the river island with clear water and white sand.

The endless trees are slowly dropping their fallen leaves, and the endless Yangtze River is rolling in.

Sad to the autumn scenery, I have been wandering thousands of miles and have been a guest all year round. I have been plagued by illnesses throughout my life and now I am alone on the high platform.

After going through all kinds of hardships, I regretted that my gray hair had grown all over my temples. I was so poor that I stopped drinking wine to drink my sorrow.

Appreciation of "Denggao"

This poem was written by Du Fu when he was in Kuizhou in the autumn of the second year of Dali (767). Kuizhou is on the bank of the Yangtze River. The whole poem, through the scenery of the Autumn River seen from a high altitude, expresses the poet's complex emotions of wandering around for many years, being old, sick and lonely. It is impassioned and touching. Yang Lun praised this poem as "the best seven-character verse in Du's collection" ("Du Shi Jingquan"). Hu Yinglin's "Shi Sou" even praised this poem as the best seven-character verse in ancient and modern times.

The first four sentences describe the experience gained from climbing high. First couplet. The poet focused on the specific environment of Kuizhou and used the word "fengji" to drive the whole couplet. From the beginning, he wrote a good sentence that has been passed down through the ages. Kuizhou is famous for its large number of apes, and the Xiakou is famous for its strong winds. It's a crisp autumn day, but it's windy here. The poet climbed to a high place, and the sound of "the high ape roaring" kept coming from the gorge, which had the meaning of "the sound is heard in the empty valley, and the sorrow lasts for a long time" ("Shui Jing Zhu·Jiang Shui").

The poet moved his gaze from the heights to the river and Zhouzhu. On the background of clear water and white sand, there are dotted with flocks of birds flying in the wind and constantly circling. It is really a beautiful picture. Among them are the sky, the wind, the sand, the river, and the roar of the ape. Birds fly, created by heaven and earth, and naturally come into pairs. Not only are the upper and lower sentences corresponding, but there are also self-contrasts within the sentences, such as "天" vs. "风" in the previous sentence; "Gao" vs. "Ji"; "Sha" vs. "渚", "白" vs. "Qing" in the next sentence. It reads rhythmically. After the poet's artistic refinement, the fourteen words are precise and accurate, and none of them are false. The words are used to express "all thanks to the axe", reaching a wonderful and indescribable state. What is even more noteworthy is that in the first sentence of the couplet, the oblique tone is often used for the last word, but this poem uses the flat tone to rhyme. Shen Deqian was praised for his "reuse of rhyme in the two-sentence couplets, which changes the style" ("Tang Poems").

The couplets express the typical characteristics of autumn in Kuizhou. The poet looked up at the boundless swaying wooden leaves and looked down at the endlessly flowing and rolling river. While describing the scene, he deeply expressed his feelings. "Boundless" and "endless" make "Xiao Xiao" and "Rolling" more vivid, which not only reminds people of the sound of falling wood and the turbulent shape of the Yangtze River, but also conveys the feeling that time is fleeting and ambitions are hard to achieve. . Through the melancholy and sad couplets, it shows the power of writing, and it has the majestic momentum of "Jian Ling Zhan Ban" and "Bai Chuan Dong Zhu". The predecessors praised it as the "unique in ancient and modern times". It makes sense.

The first two couplets try their best to describe the autumn scenery, and the word "Autumn" is not mentioned until the neck couplet, which shows that the poet is looking at it from a high place. The prospect is closely related to the mood in the heart. "Often a guest" points out the poet's wandering life. "A hundred years" is a metaphor for a limited life. The word "sad autumn" is written in a sad way. Autumn is not necessarily sad, but when the poet saw the desolate and magnificent autumn scenery, he couldn't help but think of his situation of being in a foreign land, old and sick, so he felt infinite sadness. Emotions are summarized in a couplet of "magnificent, high-pitched, loud and powerful", which makes people deeply feel his heavy beating emotional pulse. The words "boundless" and "endless" in the same couplet also echo each other: the poet's travel sorrow and loneliness are like fallen leaves and river water, endlessly pushing and driving away, and the emotions and scenery blend together. At this point, the poem has given the general meaning of being a guest and homesickness, adding the content of being lonely for a long time, adding to the sadness of the autumn illness, and adding the lament of being away from home for thousands of miles, and the poem is even more profound.

The last couplet is a couplet, and contains five or six sentences. The poet is prepared to suffer from hardships and family troubles, which will make his hair gray. Coupled with the fact that he has stopped drinking due to illness, it is even harder to deal with his sorrow. It is easy to understand the conflicting mood of the poet who climbed high and looked into the distance with great joy, but now he is arousing hatred and sorrow for no reason. The first six sentences are "flying and shaking", and here he "receives it softly and coldly, but also has the meaning of infinite sadness." "Overflowing beyond words" ("Shi Sou").

The first half of the poem describes the scenery, and the second half is lyrical. Each has its own intricacies in writing. The first couplet focuses on depicting the specific scenery in front of you, just like a painter's fine brushwork, form , sound, color, and attitude: all are expressed one by one. The second couplet focuses on rendering the entire autumn atmosphere, just like the painter's freehand brushwork. It should only convey the meaning and let the reader supplement it with imagination. The three couplets express emotions vertically (time) and horizontally (space). He wrote from two aspects, from wandering in a foreign land to being sick and disabled, and from the four-part couplet to the fact that his hair was graying and he stopped drinking to protect his illness, he concluded that the hardships of the times were the root cause of his misery. On paper.

All eight lines of this poem are correct. At a glance, it seems that the beginning and end are not correct, and the chest and abdomen seem to be "not correct." After careful consideration, "Every sentence is correct." "Law, every word in a sentence is law". Not only "the whole article can be legalized", but also "the words used in every sentence", "people in ancient and modern times will not dare to teach, and they will never be able to teach". It can win the "unprecedented reputation" The reputation of "Written as a Work" (both can be found in Hu Yinglin's "Poetry Sou") is natural.

The famous line of this poem is "The boundless falling trees are rustling, and the endless Yangtze River is rolling in."

4 .

Du Mu: Autumn Evening

The cold autumn light of silver candles paints the screen, and the small light fan flutters at the flowing fireflies.

The night sky is as cool as water, and I sit and watch Altair and Vega.