The origin of modern football in detail

Modern football originated in the United Kingdom. It originated from a war they had with Denmark around the 12th century. After the war, the British saw the heads of Danish soldiers on the ground because the British were very fond of Danish soldiers. Disgusted, he kicked the man in the head. By the beginning of the 19th century, football had become quite popular in some European and Latin American countries, especially in capitalist Britain. It was not until 1848 that the first written rules of football, the Cambridge Rules, were born. The so-called "Cambridge Rules" are some rules formulated during competitions between Oxford and Cambridge in London, England, in the early 19th century. At that time, there were 11 people in each team competing. Because there were ten students and one teacher living in each dormitory in the school at that time, they played dormitory-to-dormitory competitions with 11 people per side. The current 11-a-side football game started from that time. On October 26, 1863, the British Football Association held a very important meeting in the history of modern football in England. The return schedule was drafted, but some provisions were far from today's rules. For example, there was this article at the time: When the ball enters between the goal posts or passes over the space above, regardless of the height, as long as it is not thrown, hit, or carried by hand, it will be counted as a win. The positions and formations of players at that time were also different from today: each team had one goalkeeper, one defender, one midfielder and eight forwards. Shortly after the rules were established, the formation changed: one goalkeeper, two defenders, three midfielders and five forwards. So the number of players in the game is eleven. However, numerous data show that ancient Chinese football appeared earlier than Europe and has a longer history. Football in ancient my country was called "Cuju" or "Taju". "Cu" and "Ta" both mean to kick, and "Ju" is the name of the ball. The word "Cuju" was first recorded in "Historical Records Bandai Zhang Qi Shu", and was recorded in "Bie Lu" by Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty and "Han Shu·Meisheng Biography" by Yan Shizeng of the Tang Dynasty. By the Tang and Song Dynasties, the "Cuju" activity had become very popular and became an elegant activity in the court. In July 1958, when Dr. Havelange, the former president of FIFA, came to China, he said: Football originated in China. Of course, due to the limitations of feudal society, the ancient Chinese Cuju activity did not eventually develop into the modern football game based on the principle of "fair competition". This qualitative leap was accomplished in capitalist Britain.

The Han and Tang dynasties were the most prosperous period for the development of football in ancient China, and it developed into a direct confrontation competition. In the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907), the leather ball used for Cuju was changed from being filled with hair to being blown by people's mouth. At the same time, two goals were used instead of the "ju room". By the Song Dynasty (AD 960-1279), Cuju had developed double-goal and single-goal competitions. There were also ball club organizations called Qiyun Society or Yuan Society, and the balls used were played by mouth. Blowing has developed into using a pump, which is getting closer and closer to modern football. Cuju in the Han Dynasty was a means of training soldiers, and a relatively complete system was established. If a court is specially set up, it is rectangular in the east-west direction, with six symmetrical "Ju areas" also called "Ju rooms" at each end, each guarded by one person. The site is surrounded by a fence. The game is divided into two teams, with each other's offense and defense, and the outcome is determined by the number of kicks into the opponent's room. After initial popularity in the Han Dynasty, Cuju activities reached a climax in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and even a kicking method based on division of labor on the field appeared. There were many ways to play Cuju in the Tang Dynasty, including "Daju" where a number of goals were scored in the game, "Baiju" where a net was hung in the middle of the field, similar to net football, "Yueju" where multiple people participated in the fight, and A goal-set game in which each team has a certain number of players and a fixed position. It is stipulated that players can only play in their own positions and cannot move. In early 2004, FIFA confirmed that football originated in China, and "Cuju" was the earliest football activity recorded in historical materials. "Warring States Policy" and "Historical Records" are the earliest documents and classics to record Cuju. The former describes the popular Cuju activity in Linzi, the capital of Qi (now Linzi, Shandong) during the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2,300 years ago. The latter records that Cuju was used to train soldiers at that time. The method of examining the physique of soldiers and generals ("Kicking the ball, the strength of the army, so training as a warrior, you will know that you have talent"). The world's earliest football was selected into the world record of the China World Records Association.

The word "Cuju" was first recorded in "Historical Records·Biography of Su Qin". When Su Qin lobbied King Xuan of Qi, he described Linzi: "Linzi is very rich and practical, and its people all play poles, drums and harps, and play juju." "Ta" means "cu", which means kicking. "Ju" means ball, which is ancient football. There are records about Cuju. During the Three Kingdoms, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the custom of Cuju was still popular. In the Tang Dynasty, Cuju was still a very common sport. Du Fu once said in a poem: "In ten years, the young people will be far away from each other, and the customs will be the same for thousands of miles." . However, there have been three main developments: (1) There is an inflatable ball: "Song Dynasty Facts Garden" contains: "Yan Shigu notes that Huo Qubing Yayu kicks the ball: 'The ball is made of skin. , In fact, it is played with fur. ’ Yan said that Ju was like this, but it was different in the late Tang Dynasty. "Xu Jian's "Beginner's Notes": "Today's Cuju is called Xihu. In ancient times, hair fibers were used to tie it, but today it is made of skin.

" (2) The goal was set up: "Tongkao of Documents" "The kickball cover began in the Tang Dynasty. Two bamboos were planted, several feet high, and a net was placed on top to measure the ball; the ball was divided into two parts, and the victory was won by the angle. Could it be that time has changed? " (3) Various kicking methods: Double-goal kicking method: recorded in "Qiao Fu" by Zhong Wuyan of the Tang Dynasty. Single-goal kicking method: It can be seen from "Cuju Atlas". No-goal kicking method: one or several people alone Kicking is called Daju; kicking with two people is called Baida; kicking with more than three people is called field household, such as three-person field household and four-person field household.

Xiang Chu in the Western Han Dynasty. He was the first recorded fan, but his experience was unfortunate. "Historical Records: Biography of Bian Quecang Gong" records: The famous doctor Chunyu Yi saw Xiang Chu and told him not to overwork himself, but Xiang Chu didn't listen and still went out. After playing football, he vomited blood and died. This also made Xiang Chu the first fanatical "fan" in the world.

The "Old Martial Arts" of the Southern Song Dynasty once listed the "Thirty-two Ball-Building Events". The rosters and positions of the two teams during the competition: "Sixteen players from the Zuo Army: Zhang Jun as the ball leader, Wang Lian as the ball leader, Zhu Xuan as the head coach, Shi Ze as the head coach, Ding Quan as the left pole netter, and Zhang Lin as the right pole netter. , Hu Chun and others are scattered; there are 16 people from the right army: Li Zheng, the ball leader, Zhu Zhen, the keeper, Zhu Xuan, the deputy captain, Zhang Ning, the deputy captain, Xu Bin, the left gan net, Wang Yong, the right gan net, and Chen Jun, who are scattered. "Waiting". This is probably the first football "starting list" in history.

In 307 BC, during the Warring States Period, King Wuling of Zhao carried out reforms and implemented "Hufu riding and shooting". He learned how to ride a horse and shoot arrows. King Zhao often took his cronies to ride out of the city. One day, he came to a forest and saw several hares in the forest. The king opened his mouth and "caught them alive." Then the troops divided into four groups and joined forces to catch him. In the panic, the hare ran wildly and fled through the gaps between the horses. They all shook their heads and sighed. Suddenly, a counselor's eyes lit up and he stepped forward to offer a plan. "Your Majesty, this kind of containment is very interesting. We might as well use balls instead of rabbits, and we can play with them every day without leaving the palace. "Good idea," King Zhao praised highly, "I'll leave this matter to you." So, football was born in China. But at that time, it was still a horse-riding sport, called "Cuju". By the Han Dynasty , there was a football field specially used for competitions, called "Ju City". The Ju City was rectangular, with 6 Ju Ju rooms at each end, in the shape of a moon cave, symmetrical to each other. There were walls around the venue. Cuju activities were held in the Tang Dynasty. During this period, not only did football develop a lot, but football also began to be exported to the outside world. Cuju was first exported to the United Kingdom as a complete product. Due to the underdeveloped transportation and transportation at that time. It was very backward. After several months of long journey, when Cuju arrived in England, the horses were exhausted and only one ball was left. However, such a ball was still regarded as a treasure by the British and was limited to the exclusive activities of the royal family. It was forbidden for the public to enjoy this kind of entertainment. In the 11th century, the Danes invaded England. One day, when the English were digging the battlefield, they accidentally dug up several Danish skulls. Thinking of the evil of the Danish invasion, these English people were extremely angry. He raised his foot and kicked the skull hard. In addition to feeling angry, he also felt that he had the fun of playing football. As a result, more and more Englishmen who dug the battlefield joined the team of "playing football", a group of children. They also kicked it when they saw it, but they found that the skull hurt their feet, so they replaced it with cow bladders. This was the birth of modern football. This patriotic behavior impressed the King of England. In order to reward the people, the King of England issued an order. Royal football was open to the public. Soon, football spread among the people and became a popular sports and entertainment activity. At the beginning of the 12th century, football games were held twice a year, usually in two cities. The host will throw the ball into the air, and the game will begin. The two sides will rush up, shouting, kicking and hugging. Whichever side can kick the ball into the opponent's downtown area will win. Victory. If the ball enters the house, the players will rush in and kick it around, often smashing the things in the house. Suffering a sudden disaster. Therefore, as soon as the game came, people had to close their doors and close their doors until the game ended. Such a game was strongly opposed by the citizens, and the British government issued a ban. A ban stipulated that football matches should be played on open spaces, and those who entered the downtown area would be severely punished. So a special football field appeared on October 26, 1863, and the world's first football organization-England was established in London. Football Association and unified the rules, and the modern football game was officially established. In ancient China, kicking the ball was called "Cuju". As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago, the "Ju City" was built. ", specifically for competition. The Tang Dynasty was the prosperous period of Cuju activities. Inflated balls replaced the balls filled with hair in the past, called "air blankets", and goals replaced the Juju room. And In the West, after the 10th century AD, some countries such as France, Italy, and the United Kingdom had football games. By the end of the 15th century, it was known as "football" and gradually developed into the modern football game. On October 26, 1863, the British established the world's first football organization, the British Football Association, in London, and unified the rules of football. People call this day the birth day of modern football. There are 14 football rules formulated this time, which are the basis of today's football rules.

Starting from the 2nd Olympic Games in 1900, football was listed as an official Olympic event, but it did not allow professional athletes to participate. On May 21, 1904, FIFA was established in Paris. Since 1930, the World Football Championship (also known as the World Cup) has been held every four years, and restrictions on professional athletes have been lifted. Since then, modern football has developed day by day. In medieval England, football became an activity that many young people were passionate about. They chased the ball through the narrow streets, often kicking it into the windows of homes on the street. So the King of England had to ban football. From the 12th to the 16th century, the British king issued "football bans" four times. However, due to the special charm of football, the ban failed to kill it. In 1835, the world's first football club was established in Sheffield, England. In 1863, the first football association was established in the UK. From then on, organized football under certain rules began to spread from the UK to Europe and the world. At the end of the 19th century, football was quite popular in Western European countries. In the first Olympic Games in 1896, football was included as one of the events. As a result, the Danish team defeated the Greek team 9:0 and became the first Olympic football champion. In 1904, the football associations of seven countries, the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland, established the International Football Federation in France and elected Frenchman Guélain as the first FIFA president of the 2010 World Cup in South Africa.