Classical Chinese learning

1. Where should I learn classical Chinese? Classical Chinese is famous for its profoundness and occupies a large proportion in Chinese education in middle schools. Therefore, we will briefly explain the learning methods of classical Chinese. Let everyone increase their confidence and master this beautiful topic freely.

Step reading

Tools/raw materials

A good textbook of classical Chinese

Classical Chinese dictionary

Methods/steps

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When learning ancient Chinese, you can learn collections such as "The View of Ancient Chinese", which cover typical articles and contain many famous sentences, which is often very useful to improve the level of classical Chinese.

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Classify the sentence patterns of classical Chinese and analyze their components. Remember the meaning of words in classical Chinese that are different from today's meaning. And remember new words and their usage every time you learn ancient Chinese. Classical Chinese learning is the process of accumulation. Pay attention to the characteristic words in a sentence pattern. To judge a sentence, we need to grasp the words "Nai", "Namely", "Ze", "Quan", "Yes", "Honesty" and "Wei". Master typical sentence patterns.

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With a large number of words, you can understand the thoughts of ancient Chinese, which is the basis for writing classical Chinese yourself in the future. Different generations and even different people have different ideas. Therefore, we must understand that this is the process of maturity of writing style. You can refer to books such as Fifteen Lectures on Ancient Chinese Literature to understand the writing styles of different generations.

Matters needing attention

There are great differences in classical Chinese in different periods. Generally, the closer to modern classical Chinese, the easier it is to understand. The older you get, the deeper you get. It is suggested to start with simple learning.

A large number of classics in ancient Chinese prose are related to history, so the process of ancient Chinese prose cannot be separated from the understanding of history.

2. Xue Zhuochuan translated the full text of classical Chinese. Xue Zhuochuan is the cousin of Shangshu, the ancestor of punishments, and Yi Xue, the inner Yang. Father Yan Xue was the magistrate of Weinan in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Xue Zhuo's father died when he was very young, and he became an orphan. He is famous for taking care of his mother. When I was young, I was eager to learn, ambitious and disciplined, and went to Chang' an to seek a teacher. At that time, Jiangling had just been pacified, so he returned to junior high school. Seeing that Xue Zhuo thought he was excellent, he taught him classics and knowledge. During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he inherited the title of Yu Chenghou and served as Staff Sergeant Yan Na and Xin Fengling.

In the early years of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, he was promoted to assistant minister of Shangshu Dangerous Department, and soon served as assistant minister of Kao Gong. The emperor heard that Xue Zhuo was pure and filial to his mother. Because his mother was old, he gave Che Yu a set of crown clothes, various ceremonial crutches, and treasures for the four seasons. People at that time were proud of it. Later, when his mother became ill, Xue Zhuo was so sad and haggard that his relatives and friends could not recognize him. When the mother's funeral was finished, the emperor's imperial edict crack hon temple helped to deal with the funeral and sent Meng Xue's mother back to xia yang for burial. It was extremely cold in the middle of winter. Xue Zhuo, dressed in linen, and Dai Xiao, barefoot and covered with frost and snow, walked more than 500 miles from Kyoto to his hometown. His feet were frozen stiff, his toes fell off, and he was frostbitten and bloody. The court and the people all felt pain for him. The county did not accept a copy of his property as funeral expenses. Soon, the court used him to return to his post to deal with political affairs. Xue Zhuo repeatedly stated his sincerity and asked for the completion of the funeral system, but the emperor refused to agree. When he arrived in Beijing, the emperor saw that he was extremely thin because of mourning, so his appearance changed greatly. He looked around and said, "I can't help but feel sad when I see Xue Zhuo's body damaged by the abnormal mourning of his relatives." I was surprised for a long time. Xue Zhuo can't stand the grief of losing his mother. He is seriously ill and will die. His younger brother Xue Mo is a soldier of Jin Zai. In Yangzhou, Xue Zhuo left a letter to Xue Mo saying:

"Just think of you alone, all the way, to such a regret, how can you say it? I just wrote a letter, hoping to meet you face to face forever. I have been waiting for you to come back. It's been ten days. It was over before you came. It's a pity that I missed you so much and became a farewell. Take care, take care! "

After writing this letter, Xue Zhuo died at the age of 42. A company reported the incident, and Gaozu wept bitterly for Xue Zhuo and sent messengers to send books and condolences.

Xue Zhuo was clean and thrifty, and left no legacy at home when he died. When Xue Zhuo was a child, he played by the stream with children of the same clan. He saw a yellow snake with horns and feet and told the children to watch it together, but he couldn't see anything. Xue Zhuo thought this was an ominous sign, and he was very sad and haggard after returning home. Mother forced him, Xue Zhuo told the truth. At this time, a monk from the western regions came to Xue Zhuo's house to beg. Xue Zhuo's mother was very afraid to tell him about it. Monk Hu said, "This is your son's auspicious fulfillment. Moreover, this child has a reputation and status very early, but his life expectancy is only 6742 years old. " Then he left and suddenly disappeared. People were surprised at that time. Later, Xue Zhuo died at the age of 42, and the prediction of June 7th came true.

3. Classical Chinese: selected from Xue Shou and Xue Shou's Original Biography, Bao Bo, a native of Fenyin, Zhou Pu.

Twelve years, Wen. At the end of the great cause, it is inevitable for counties to raise scholars.

The banner of righteousness, hiding in shouyangshan, will assist the righteous act. When the city keeper secretly knew about the plan, he sent someone to welcome his biological mother Wang to live in the city, and the plan was sent back to the city.

The secretary of the Qin government recommended it to Emperor Taizong. Summoned him this day, asked him about it, combined with Lian Heng's debate, all achieved their goals. Grant the Qin government master book.

At that time, Emperor Taizong made a full-time crusade and published books and clothes, mostly out of income. Wit, the same structure, immediately changed, there is no point to escape.

Emperor Taizong begged the king, but Dou Jiande led the troops to refuse. People regard it as appropriate, and retreat to see the thief situation. The founding policy says: "The world has occupied the eastern capital and the state treasury has been filled. Its soldiers are all elite in Jianghuai, and the patients are short of food. They think I do. I can't fight.

Jiande is close to the general army, and wants to reject our division and be He Xiaoxiong. I hope it will be determined. If at this point, the two bandits are connected and the grain in Hebei is transported to each other, then there will be constant war between Iraq and Romania.

It's time to divide our forces and guard the camp. It's impossible to prevent, that is, the world is full of desire to fight, so be careful not to send troops. He is a teacher who hates cheating, and if I open it, I will lose the first battle.

Jiande is broken, and the world is self-sufficient. The second best thing is to have a plan for self-defense. "

Taizong accepted it, and the pawn captured Jiande. Dong, Taizong entered the Sui Dynasty, and then exhausted his manpower to show off his extravagance.

"I secretly heard that Yu Jun carved a wall, but it was destroyed by Yin Xin. Earth steps in Maodong, Yichang, Tang Yao. Qin increased the decoration of Albania, and Han stopped the cost of terraced fields, so Han delayed and Qin was in trouble. "

Taizong likes it. And the army, also awarded the Ce Tian government archives qualification to join the army.

Emperor Taizong once served Gaozu to swim in the back garden and got a white fish. He was ordered to accept it as a gift, and the aid pen was established, so he stopped thinking. When he tasted the book and admonished hunting, Taizong wrote a letter in his hand, saying, "I didn't really realize my courage until I read what I wrote. Today, I am myself and I am strong.

Today, I give you 40 gold collars as a reward for your kindness. "Seven years, sleep sick, emperor taizong afford to ask, crossing the road.

Looking for birth, illness and death, the relatives of Emperor Taizong caressed them with clothes and talked about their life experiences. They shed tears. Looking for a pawn, 33 years old.

Emperor Taizong himself was crying and mourning. ("Old Tang Shu Xue Shou Chuan") 4. The words added in the following sentences are incorrectly explained (3 points). A. The county cited scholars and should not be cited: the senior high school entrance examination.

B Zhou Pu was secretly known by Yao Lingxi and sought the potential: secretly. C. Shi Taizong's full-time expedition: responsible.

D. wit, it is also the same night: in advance. 5. In the following sentences, it is (3 points) that Xue Shou has a literary talent for 12 years, and the text description is correct in both aspects, all of which meet the purpose of publishing books and cloth, mostly because the collection is immediate. I never stopped thinking about what I read, and I realized my courage. A. 124B.256C. 135D.

Someone raised a flag against Sui, and he hid in shouyangshan to help the rebels. Zhou Pu Tongshou sent someone to put his birth mother in the city, so he had to leave shouyangshan and return to the city. B. Xue Shou is thoughtful and insightful.

When Emperor Taizong crusaded against the king, Dou Jiande led troops to help the enemy, and people all thought that he should withdraw. Xue Shou carefully analyzed the situation and put forward different opinions. After Emperor Taizong adopted it, he really won. C. Xue Shou seized the opportunity to remonstrate with Emperor Taizong.

Emperor Taizong went to the East to watch the palace of the Sui Dynasty and lamented that Emperor Yang was very luxurious. Xue Shou took the opportunity to remonstrate and persuaded Emperor Taizong to learn from the lessons of the previous dynasty, which was appreciated by Emperor Taizong. D. Xue Shou received special courtesy from Emperor Taizong.

After Xue Shou's illness, Emperor Taizong sent someone to meet him on his way back to Xue Fu, and soon went to Xue Shou's house to offer condolences. After Xue Shou's death, Emperor Taizong paid a visit. 7. Translate underlined sentences into modern Chinese.

(10) (1) Jiande's pro-generals came to reject our division, and they should do their best to win. (2) Qin increased the decoration of Afangshan, and Han stopped the cost of terraced fields, so Han delayed the disaster of Qin, which has been the case since ancient times.

4.a) recommended. ) 5.c (sentence ② shows Xue Shou's political talent, and sentence ⑥ shows that Xue Shou's remonstrance has been affirmed by Taizong. )

6.d ("Emperor Taizong sent someone to greet Xue on his way home for the first time" is wrong. The original text is "Tang Taizong sent an envoy to ask, meet on the road", which means that the envoys of Tang Taizong sent greetings to Xue Shoufu, and the messengers who came and went could meet on the road. (1) Dou Jiande personally commanded the army to resist our army. He should be a man who has exhausted his valor and looks forward to winning the decisive battle.

("Total", "All", "Xiao Xiong" and "Resolutely", each word is 1, and the sentence means 1. (2) The luxuriously decorated Epang Palace was built in the Qin Dynasty, and the cost of building a terrace was saved in the Han Dynasty, so the blessings of the Han Dynasty dragged on for a long time, and the disasters of the Qin Dynasty came quickly, which has been the case since ancient times.

(Increase, Strike, Only and Speed, each word is 1, and the effect is 2. ) Classical Chinese Translation: Xue Shou, whose real name is Bao Bo, was born in Fenyin, Zhou Pu.

At the age of twelve, I was able to write articles. At the end of the great cause, the county recommended him as a scholar, but he refused to go.

When someone raised the banner against the Sui Dynasty, Xue Shou hid in shouyangshan and prepared to help the rebels. Xue Shou got a tip-off from the Shoujiang and knew that he had this plan. He sent someone to take Xue Shousheng's mother Wang into the city to live, and Xue Shou returned to the city.

The secretary of the Qin government recommended Xue Shou to Emperor Taizong. Emperor Taizong summoned him that day and asked him about management. Xue Shou's statement is reckless and accords with the wishes of Emperor Taizong. Was awarded as the main book of the Qin government.

At that time, Emperor Taizong was in charge of the crusade, and most of the campaign notices in the army came from Xue Shou. Xue Shou's writing style is neat, just as he conceived it in advance, so he wrote it immediately without deleting it.

Emperor Taizong crusaded against the king, and Dou Jiande led the troops to resist. All the generals think that we should temporarily withdraw our troops to observe the enemy's situation. Only Xue Shoujian suggested, "Wang Ding's capital is in the east, and his treasures are rich. His soldiers are all elites of Jianghuai. He was worried about the lack of food, so he was pinned down by our army and could not fight.

Dou Jiande personally led the army to resist our army. He should have done his best to win the decisive battle. If he is allowed to come here, the two enemy forces will join forces and send food from Hebei to help each other, then the fighting between Iraq and Romania will not stop.

Now it's time to divide our forces and guard the camp, and dig deep fortifications. If the king wants to fight, he must not send troops. Dou Jiande used an exhausted army to resist our well-organized and powerful army and won the first world war. ..

After Dou Jiande's defeat, it will naturally be breached by the king. If.

4. The ancient classics will be the city of Xue.

abstract

Jing, Tian Ying, is the son of, and was sealed in Xue. He likes to train scholars, and there are many people under his door. He was also a figure on the political stage of the Warring States Period. He and the King of Qi are brothers, so many things are very delicate to handle.

original text

Beijing will learn from this city and many guests will make suggestions. Jing said that those who call on others do nothing. The Qi people invited the inviter and said, "I just want to say a few words! In a word, please cook. " Jing Guojun saw it. The guest rushed in and said, "Big fish in the sea." I went because it was opposite. Jun said, "The guest is here." The guest said, "I dare not play with death." Jun said, "Death is more important." He said, "Don't you smell big fish? If the net can't stop, the hook can't pull, and the water falls, the ants will be proud. Today's husband is also the water of the monarch. Yes, regard Xue as? Fuqi, although the city of the Dragon Cave is in the sky, it is still useless. " Jun said, "Good." It was Xue who dropped out of school.

translate

Jing Guojun Tian Ying plans to build a wall in Yi Xue, and many tourists come to dissuade him. Jing told the messenger not to inform the public. A guest of Qi asked for an interview. He said, "I just need to say three words. If you say one more word, please boil me to death. " Jing Guojun summoned him. The doorman hurried forward and told him, "Big fish in the sea." Say that finish and turn around and go. Jing Guojun said, "Don't go, stay and finish." The doorman said, "I dare not joke about death." Jing Guojun said, "Don't say that. Continue. " The doorman said, "haven't you heard of sea fish?" You can't catch it with a fishing net, and you can't pull it with a hook; However, when there is not even a drop of water, small ants and moles can subdue it. Now Qi is also your water. If you have Qi forever, what's the use of it? But when you lose Qi, can you still build a wall as high as the sky for Yi Xue? "JingGuoJun said," good. "So I gave up the plan to build a wall in Yi Xue.

Comment and analysis

The most difficult situation in our sales promotion is that people refuse without asking. To deal with this situation, we should win by surprise, create suspense with attractive and amazing words, and lure others to listen to our words and suggestions with curiosity. Big Fish in the Sea is a very suspenseful fishing language.

"One mountain can't accommodate two tigers". Being brothers with the king is noble and dangerous. You must not let the king think that you have the ambition to replace it. In the company, in the unit, we are in a high position, so we should always put our position right, and never let others catch your wild desires.