"The hottest summer in China's history", 10,000 people died without greenhouse effect. What's going on here?

The hot summer heat wave has become the normal state of our time, and all the great gods will analyze why it is so hot, because of the greenhouse effect, local heat island effect, high pressure control and so on. 1999, 42.4℃ appeared in North China, which was the hottest in history, but 1743, that is, in the eighth year of Qianlong in China, 44℃ appeared in North China, which was unprecedented in history. Why is it so hot in Qing Dynasty, which has neither greenhouse effect nor urban heat island effect?

How exaggerated is the heat of 1743? Shanxi Fushan's "Fushan County Records" records,? It is hot in summer and May, and many pedestrians are killed by the heat, especially in the capital, and some vendors floating in Beijing are also killed by the heat. ? A few words outline that the heat in the Central Plains has arrived? Many pedestrians were killed? 、? There are also floating people trading in Beijing. ! Chinese is exquisite to the extreme, but the state behind it was quite exaggerated at that time!

In the midsummer of July, the temperature rises steadily. According to "Continued Donghua Record", in June, Chen Bing (July 25th in Gregorian calendar) was the capital of Shu Wei. ? Gan Long also panicked at this high temperature. After all, behind the heat is drought. After floods and droughts, victims may gather in chaos and have no way out. So, on July 6th, Gan Long was sent to Shengjing by Empress Dowager Cixi from Changchun Garden to pay homage to the ancestral graves and pray for the people.

Of course, it doesn't help. After all, modern people know that the sacrifice to heaven is only to comfort the world, and the emperor still cares about the sufferings of the world. So it's hot or hot, food is skyrocketing, and water is short, which is comparable to the price of grain and oil (edible oil, there was no oil at that time). By the end of July, a total of1.65,438+04,000 people in Beijing and its suburbs had died of extreme heat!

Members of the royal family spent the summer safely.

This heat really made the Qing royal family live like a year, of course, mainly because of psychological worries. In the final analysis, Qianlong still thinks of the people, as can be seen from his poems. Ice tray snow raft, turning cold light, tossing and turning, heart next to Guizhou, Li. ? This means eating cold drinks and caring for the people. All right, enough superficial kung fu! But you are curious, why can this dried dragon eat iced drinks in hot summer?

In fact, as early as the Warring States period, there was a bronze ice guide dedicated to making ice wine. That is to say, it was very popular to drink an ice drink in hot summer, and ice storage began at that time. So in the Qing Dynasty two thousand years later, ice storage has become a very mature technology, so it is not surprising that Gan Long can drink an ice drink in summer!

Refrigerators before 2000-Ice Guide

But for ordinary people at that time, it was very difficult to drink ice, and even clean drinking water was difficult to guarantee during the hot period. It's not bad that old people can think of the poor when they drink ice, but the Qing government opened Liaoning to accept refugees who are willing to enter the customs, which is also a measure to divert victims. There is at least one way to escape.

Why is it so hot in Qing Dynasty, which has neither greenhouse effect nor urban heat island effect? Although simple thermometers have been invented in Galileo's era, there is only a concept of height in Galileo's era, and there is no accurate value! 17 14 the first Fahrenheit thermometer was invented by Dutch Warren heiter. Ice, water and salt are mixed together and set at 0 degree, and the melting temperature is set at 32 degree. The body temperature is 98.6 degrees, and the boiling water is 2 12 degrees. This is a Fahrenheit thermometer!

However, there was no such thing in Beijing in the Qing Dynasty at 1743. The temperature at that time was inferred from the records left by scholars in Beijing and missionaries in the West. Unfortunately, the meteorological data at that time could not be recovered, so the summer heat in 1743 has become a mystery, but we can refer to the high temperature of 42.4℃ in North China in 1999 for analysis.

1999 high temperature in north China.

From June 24th to July 2nd, 1999, a continuous high temperature weather in Beijing developed. The main reasons are: before the high temperature weather, the circulation latitude of Eurasia was very large, and the northern part of Europe and the south of Lake Baikal were controlled by high-pressure ridges, while Central Asia and northeastern China were in low-pressure troughs!

The latitudinal extension of the high-pressure ridge in the south of Lake Baikal is relatively wide, which affects Beijing for a long time during the eastward movement. As the ridge of high pressure gradually moves eastward, Beijing is controlled by high temperature weather, while the trough of low pressure in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea in North China remains stable, which hinders the ridge from moving eastward. Therefore, Beijing is in a relatively core position in this tug-of-war, so the long-term high pressure makes the temperature rise to a rare 42.4℃!

1999 Weather distribution in North China. See the picture watermark for the source.

Therefore, the conditions for eight years should be similar to 1999. North China is controlled by high pressure, and because the low pressure trough in the east is stable and immobile, it is affected by high temperature for a long time, and finally it reaches an unprecedented 44 degrees! It can also be seen that extreme high temperature weather is not necessarily completely affected by global warming, and local meteorological conditions will reach such extreme temperatures!