Safe driving under special conditions on highways

1 Driving on rainy days

Driving on the highway in rainy days is more dangerous than driving on ordinary roads, because when driving on wet roads, the adhesion coefficient decreases sharply as the speed increases. When the speed reaches a certain level, a "water slide" phenomenon will occur. That is, when a car is driving at high speed on a water-filled road in rainy days, the water between the tires and the road cannot be eliminated. The pressure of the water causes the wheels to float, causing the car to slide on the water-filled road. The phenomenon of sliding. In this state, the friction between the tire and the road surface is lost, and the adhesion coefficient is equal to zero. Shortly after the rain, the oil, dust, dirt and rainwater on the road mix together to form a "lubricant". At this time, the "water slippery" phenomenon becomes more serious, making the car difficult to control and in a dangerous situation. In addition, on rainy days, due to the reflective effect of the wet road surface and the rain fog on the rearview mirror and windshield, the vision is affected, making the overall field of vision low. Therefore, drivers should pay special attention to:

① Increase the driving distance. When driving in rainy weather, the braking distance increases. Generally, the distance is 1 to 1.5 times longer than that on dry roads.

②Reduce the driving speed. On wet roads, the braking distance is proportional to the square of the driving speed. If the speed is too fast, a crash will occur. In addition, the faster the speed, the greater the centrifugal force when turning, and rollover will occur.

③It is strictly prohibited to apply emergency braking or turn the steering wheel hard. When driving in the rain, the adhesion coefficient is small and the friction is small. Try not to brake without braking. When braking is necessary, try to use point braking. Never brake in an emergency, otherwise there will be a risk of sideslip or U-turn; If the steering wheel is turned sharply, the centrifugal force will be too large and it will roll over.

　2 Driving in Foggy Days

Foggy days have two main impacts on drivers: First, visibility is greatly reduced; second, the adhesion coefficient between tires and the road is reduced. Therefore, when driving in foggy weather, you should pay attention to the following points:

① Anti-fog lights, width lights, hazard warning flashers or low beams should be turned on while driving to improve visibility and attract the attention of other vehicles.

②When the fog is heavy, wipers should be used and windows should be opened to improve visibility.

③Increase the distance between vehicles and drive at the same speed as the vehicle in front. Do not overtake or change lanes, and use the taillights of the vehicle in front to follow the vehicle.

④ According to the visibility conditions, appropriately reduce the vehicle speed and try to avoid emergency braking.

⑤ When driving, if you suddenly encounter heavy or medium fog, you cannot risk driving. You must drive to the emergency parking zone or the road shoulder with all your attention, set up warning signs behind the car, and turn on various signal lights. Leave them all, but this is still very dangerous. The car behind may follow you with its taillights and cause a crash. The solution is to drive to the nearest parking lot or rest area and stop temporarily.

　3 Driving at night

The visibility of driving at night is low, and the driver’s field of vision is narrowed, and he can only see clearly the range of the headlights; in addition, driving at night makes the driver excited If you go down, you will get tired easily and will be in a semi-awake state. Therefore, you should pay attention to the following aspects when driving at night.

①Be prepared for driving at night. Check whether the headlight width indicator lights and taillights are complete and effective, and adjust the viewing distance of the headlights' high and low beams.

②Reduce the driving speed and increase the driving distance. Visibility is poor at night, and it is impossible to detect the situation as early as during the day. If the speed is too fast and the distance is too small, it will be too late to deal with the situation after the situation is discovered, leading to a car accident.

③ Pay close attention to obstacles on the road. When driving during the day, you can see from a distance and avoid them. However, when driving at night, due to poor visibility, you can often only see the black shadow of obstacles, but cannot clearly see their color and shape. If you are not careful, you may easily cause a car accident.

④Don’t blindly follow the taillights of the car in front. Driving for a long time late at night will blur the driver's vision and consciousness, and it is easy to regard the vehicle parked on the road shoulder as normal driving and cause an accident; in addition, do not park on the road shoulder at night, otherwise it will cause unexpected accidents. For those who cannot leave, a reflective warning sign should be placed 100 meters behind the vehicle.

⑤ Driving while fatigued is strictly prohibited. Driving on the highway at night is prone to fatigue due to less interference, monotonous external stimulation and the effect of biological rhythms. When you feel tired, you must make a prompt decision and drive to the service area or parking lot to rest. Don't take chances.

⑥ Pay attention to dusk and dawn. Relevant data show that car accidents causing chain reactions on highways often occur at dusk and dawn. Therefore, lights should be turned on early at dusk and turned off late at dawn, and sufficient driving distance should be maintained.

4 Driving when the side wind is acting

When the car is driving, the wind direction acting on the car is nothing more than tailwind, headwind and crosswind. When the vehicle reaches a certain angle, the impact on the car can be attributed to the above three types. The impact on the driving safety of the car is the strong crosswind. When encountering a strong crosswind, do not panic and drive carefully.

①Reduce the speed. Practice has proved that the impact of cross wind on car driving is proportional to the square of the driving speed. When encountering a crosswind attack, reduce the driving speed to reduce the impact of the crosswind on the car and ensure safety.

②The correction direction should be appropriate. When you are suddenly hit by a side wind and your car's driving direction deviates, there is no need to panic.

You should pay attention to the change in the vehicle's driving direction and turn the steering wheel back appropriately to make corrections; but never turn the steering wheel sharply to make corrections. At this time, the centrifugal force generated by the sharp steering wheel is in the same direction as the crosswind, causing the car to slide laterally. moving, causing the risk of an accident.

③Be cautious and decisive when overtaking. When overtaking, you must choose the right time to overtake, complete the overtaking process as soon as possible, and avoid long-term parallel driving. Because when overtaking, the vehicle speed is faster and the distance between the sides of the two vehicles is smaller. When a sudden strong lateral wind strikes, and the driving direction deviates, it is easy for the sides of the two vehicles to scrape and cause a traffic accident.

④The goods should be bundled firmly to prevent them from falling off. When a car loaded with cargo is traveling at high speed in windy weather, the cargo on the car may be shaken, loosened, or even fall off due to the force of the wind. Goods falling from the vehicle will seriously threaten the safe driving of the following vehicles, making it too late for the following vehicles to take avoidance measures and causing an accident. In windy weather, you should try to avoid driving behind a large vehicle loaded with cargo. Even if you have to follow, you should keep a distance to prevent accidents.

In short, when driving on the highway, you should always be mentally prepared for driving under various special conditions, overcome paralysis, and if you encounter special situations, you must concentrate, stabilize your emotions, and handle it calmly. , to ensure driving safety.