Falklands war

From April 2, 1982 to June, 1982, the battle against Falklands, which lasted for 7 4 days without a formal declaration of war, was called "armed conflict" by diplomats and "Falklands War" by military experts. This is the first modern war in the 20th century.

Malvinas Islands (hereinafter referred to as Falklands) is located in the South Atlantic Ocean, between 57 40' west longitude, 62 west longitude, 53 south latitude and 5215' south latitude. The archipelago consists of 3 4 6 islands and reefs, with a total area of 15,800 square kilometers, of which15 islands are inhabited all the year round, mainly Soledad Island (East Falkland Island) and Grand Malvinas Island (West Falkland Island), with a total population of about 2,000 people, most of whom are descendants of British immigrants. The capital is Port Stanley (that is, Port Argentina). South Georgia Island, an affiliated island of Mashima, is located 7 1.6 nautical miles southeast of Mashima, covering an area of 3,700 square kilometers. Residents vary with seasons, with a maximum of 5 0 0 people. The capital is Weicon Port, Jarrett.

Mashima is 2 5 0 nautical miles from strait of magellan, an important waterway between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific, 2 7 6 nautical miles from the Argentine mainland and 7,000 nautical miles from the British mainland. It has a cold climate, swampy islands and poor biological resources, but its strategic position is extremely important. It is not only the only way to communicate the traffic between the two oceans in the southern hemisphere, but also many harbors formed by the long and tortuous coastline constitute the most important base of Britain in the South Atlantic. During the two world wars, the British navy used this base to control the sea power in the South Atlantic. In recent years, Tsushima Island has become a frontier base for developing Antarctica, and its position is even more important. Coupled with the discovery of submarine oil in 1980s, the sovereignty dispute among Britain, Afghan and Tsushima Island became more and more fierce.

Speaking of the sovereignty dispute between Britain and Tsushima Island, it is long-standing, long and complicated. 1 5 9 2, British john davis discovered the island, but Argentines thought it was Portuguese Gomez who discovered it in 1 5 2 0.

In 1 6 9 0, John Strong, an Englishman, discovered the strait between the East and West Islands and named it the Falkland Strait, so he named these islands the Falkland Islands. /kloc-At the beginning of the 8th century, a large number of French people came to the island one after another, which was called the malloy Islands and later transformed into the Spanish Malvinas Islands.

1 7 6 4, the French established a settlement in the East Island, 1 7 6 5, the British established a settlement in the West Island.

1 7 6 6, Spain bought the East Island from France for 250,000 pounds. 1 7 7 0, Spain sent troops to occupy the West Island.

1 8 1 6, Argentina declared its independence and claimed to inherit the sovereignty of Spanish Tsushima Island.

1 8 3 2, Britain occupied the West Island and occupied the East Island the following year.

Since then, there have been many negotiations on the sovereignty of Britain, Tsushima Island and Afghanistan.

On February 1 9 8 2, the negotiations between the two sides broke down again in new york. Argentina began to prepare for the recovery of the Falklands by force and formulated an action plan codenamed "Rosario".

1 9 8 2 March 1939, workers from an Argentine company came to South Island to dismantle an old whale processing factory. Out of patriotic enthusiasm, the workers raised the Argentine flag on the island. Britain immediately protested strongly. On March 24th, the British navy icebreaker Patience, with two helicopters and 1 4 0 soldiers, went to the South Island for deterrence.

On March 26th, Argentine President Artieri ordered the implementation of the "Rosario" plan ahead of schedule. The 40th amphibious task force, consisting of two destroyers, two frigates, 1 tank landing ship, 1 submarine, 1 icebreaker and 1 supply ship, set out from belgrano and recovered the island. 1 frigate, 1 supply ship carried two rows of marines to form the 60th amphibious task force formation, set out from Desaido Port to recover the South Island, and also formed the 20th task force formation with 1 aircraft carrier, four destroyers, 1 frigate and 1 tanker to provide campaign cover. The commander-in-chief of the operation is Lieutenant General osvaldo Garcí a, commander of the 5th Army and commander of the Malvinas Theater.

On April 1 0, the 40th amphibious formation arrived in Tsushima Island. At midnight, the reconnaissance team of Albanian Marine Corps landed at Cape pembroke. The next morning, the frogmen landed at York Beach. At 6: 30, the main force of the Afghan army landed in Longke Bay and immediately occupied the airport and port. At 8: 30, seven C- 130 transport planes of the Afghan army transported more than 3,000 reserve troops, bringing the total strength of the Afghan army on the island to 4,000. At 9 o'clock, the British Governor of the Falklands led 1, 8 1 officers and men to surrender. The Afghan army occupied the Falklands, established an administrative organization, and appointed Brigadier General menendez as the military chief of Falklands.

The news that the Afghan army recovered the Falklands reached China, and the crowd was very excited. Hundreds of thousands of people gathered in the "May Square" in front of the presidential palace, singing the national anthem and shouting slogans to celebrate the victory. More than a dozen political parties across the country unanimously expressed their support for the government's actions. President galtieri's prestige has reached its peak.

After learning that the Falklands were occupied by Argentina, Britain immediately announced that it had broken diplomatic relations with Argentina, established a wartime cabinet with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher as the highest decision-making body, and formulated a multi-pronged strategic policy of politics, diplomacy and economy backed by force, forcing Albania to withdraw its troops. If Argentina does not give in, it will take back the island by force.

On April 3rd, the 60th amphibious formation of the Afghan Army landed on the South Island. After a brief exchange of fire, it occupied the South Island and 2 3 British defenders surrendered. In this way, the Afghan army occupied the whole island at the cost of 7 casualties and 2 helicopters. Immediately, the island was urgently transported, and a large number of reinforcements and materials were transported.

On the same day, the British Parliament unanimously approved the resolution to recover the Falklands by force for the first time since the Second World War, and appointed Major General Woodward as the commander of the task force. This man is 49 years old and graduated from the Naval Academy. He has served as a submarine captain, destroyer captain, and director of the Naval Operations Planning Department of the Ministry of National Defense. He is smart and decisive, and is called "the sea wolf".

On April 5, the British army set up a special mixed fleet with the carriers "Competitive God" and "Invincible" as the core, with 3 7 warships, 2 0 Harrier fighters, 5 8 helicopters of various types and 3,500 marines. Set sail from Portsmouth and Gibraltar. Four nuclear submarines in the Atlantic Ocean are also heading for the island at full speed. During the task force's 13,000-kilometer voyage, the British troops who participated in the war completed a series of preparations such as making battle plans, organizing battle sequences and conducting tactical drills. According to the decree issued by the parliament on April 4, five civilian ships were requisitioned as the logistics support force of the fleet, and the requisitioned civilian ships were quickly modified as needed. For example, the passenger ships "Queen Elizabeth II" and "Canberra" were converted into troop carriers, and the ro-ro ships "Atlantic Transport Ship" and "Atlantic Causeway" were converted into aircraft carriers. In particular, the passenger ship "Uganda" was sailing in the Mediterranean with 9 4 0 students. After receiving the requisition order, it immediately docked at a nearby port to land students, and then sailed to Gibraltar, where it was converted into a hospital ship in just three days. These efficient and rapid preparations for war in Britain laid the foundation for victory.

In addition, on April 26th, the second echelon consisting of 2 3 warships, 2 0 planes and 2,000 army troops set sail from Portland. On May 1 2, the third echelon consisting of 1 8 warships and 3,000 army troops set sail from Upton.

On April 7th, Britain announced a total air and sea blockade of 2 0 0 nautical miles around Tsushima Island.

On April 1 2, the British nuclear submarine first arrived in the waters of Falklands and began to implement the blockade.

On April 6th, 5438+5, the British "Fan Hunting" patrol aircraft took off from Ascension Island and began to patrol the Tsushima Island waters.

On April 1 7, the British fleet arrived in Ascension Island, and took a day off to replenish supplies, shoot live ammunition and calibrate guns. At the same time, the wartime cabinet put forward the principle of controlling the war in the disputed area and not attacking Argentina. And actively launched a diplomatic and political offensive, so that the United States and Europe and other countries expressed their support for Britain, interrupted the arms trade with Argentina, imposed an arms embargo on Afghanistan, and provided Britain with logistical support, communications, satellite information and other facilities.

On April 1 9, the task force set off from Ascension Island for Mashima.

On April 20th, a joint reconnaissance detachment composed of members of the special forces of the British Special Air Corps (S A S) and the Navy Special Boat Squadron (SB) landed in the South Island. However, the stormy weather in the South Island caused the British army to lose two helicopters, so the reconnaissance troops could not carry out their activities and had to return in vain.

At 2: 00 on April 2, 14 S B S members parachuted from the C- 130 transport plane in the northern waters of South Island, then transferred to submarines to reach a distance of about three nautical miles from South Island, and finally swam ashore for reconnaissance, to find out the strength, equipment and firepower configuration of Argentine troops in South Island, to choose landing sites for subsequent troops, and to clear the minefield on the island.

On April 2 4, an advance team consisting of two destroyers and two frigates arrived in the South Island waters.

On April 25th, SS members of South Island led the 42nd Marine Corps assault battalion to the island. At 6 o'clock in the afternoon, British troops occupied Weicon Port in Gerrit, the capital of South Island. On the same day, the British Bobcat helicopter patrolling the Falklands found the Argentine submarine Santa Fe sailing on the water, immediately attacked it, launched AS-6 5438+02 air-to-ship missile, and dropped a deep-water bomb. The Santa Fe was badly damaged and had to run aground, and 65 crew members abandoned the ship to escape and were captured by the British. The Santa Fe was towed away.

On April 26th, the British captured the A-Jun 1.56 who were defending the South Island. There were no casualties in the British army. They reoccupied the South Island. The British army gained an important forward base.

On April 28th, the British fleet arrived in Falklands, and the British Ministry of Defence announced that from April 30th 1 1 GMT, all planes and ships entering the 2 0 0-nautical-mile restricted area around Falklands would be attacked. The Afghan army entered a state of maximum alert and began to impose blackouts and curfews on the island.

On April 30th, the British fleet completed the deployment of air and sea blockade in Tsushima Island. The "Conqueror" nuclear submarine found a fleet of Argentines/KLOC-0 cruisers and two destroyers, and reported to the headquarters while tracking.

1 In May, British Vulcan bombers and Harriers took off from Ascension Island for the first time to attack the island.

On May 2, with the approval of the wartime cabinet, the submarine conqueror fired three MK-8 torpedoes at a distance of 1400 yards at a distance of 3 6 nautical miles from the 2 0 0 nautical mile restricted area, hitting two of them. The cruiser sank 45 minutes later, and 32 1 Afghan soldiers were killed or missing. Because the ship was sunk, it greatly hit the morale of the Argentine army and made the main force of the Argentine navy withdraw from the Falklands. During the whole war, it retreated to the mainland and never fought again.

On May 3rd, British Bobcat helicopter sank and injured 1 Afghan patrol boat with AS- 12 Seagull air-to-ship missile in the sea area north of Falklands.

On May 4th, Argentine reconnaissance plane Neptune found the British destroyer Sheffield, so it summoned two super flag attack planes to attack. The flag flew at an ultra-low altitude of 5 0 meters above the sea to avoid the British radar, and suddenly rose to a distance of 4 6 kilometers from the British ship 1 5 0 meters. It took only 3 0 seconds to turn on the radar and lock the British ship to launch two AM-39 flying fish. When the British found the missile coming, the captain only had time to shout, "Hide!" Hit by a missile, it immediately ignited a fire. Although the ship's damage control personnel tried their best to fight for five hours, they still could not control the fire. The captain had to give an order to abandon the ship, and 7 8 British casualties were missing. Six days later, the Sheffield sank on its way back to England. The most advanced British warship with a displacement of 3,200 tons and a cost of $200 million was sunk, which dealt a great blow to the British army. The British army learned a lesson and took various measures to stop the missile attack of the Afghan army.

On May 6th, six S A S members of the British army/KLOC-0 sneaked into Rio Gallegos Air Force Base in Argentina by submarine, and then changed to rubber boats, which blew up eight "super flags" of the Argentine army in one fell swoop, but their total number was only 1.4.

On May 7th, Britain announced that it would extend the restricted area to 12 nautical mile from the Argentine coast.

On May 9th, the British Harrier fighter plane sank the narwhal supply ship of the Argentine army.

1 0 In May, the British frigate Lively sank the Argentine supply ship "Los Estelle Terrados Studio".

During this period, the British army deciphered the code of the Argentine army, fully grasped the combat attempt and force deployment of the Argentine army, and integrated the battlefield reconnaissance of "S A S" and "S B S" to determine the San Carlos Bay on the north side of the East Island of Mashima as the landing site. However, at Pebble Island Airport in the northern mouth of the Falkland Strait, radar stations pose a serious threat in order to clear obstacles without exposing landing attempts. The British army decided to send commandos to destroy the target of Pebble Island, but not to occupy it.

On the evening of May 1 1, eight members of "Sa" and "S B" arrived at Pebble Island for reconnaissance.

On the night of May 1 4, fifty commandos landed on the island by three helicopters led by eight advance party members, and blew up six Afghan pukkala attack planes, four T-3 4 coach attack planes and 1 transport planes. The team member's artillery observation group ordered the destroyer glamorgan 1 1 5 m m main gun to bomb the targets on the island. 1 Arsenal and six radar stations were all destroyed. The British army returned safely by helicopter under fire, and won a great victory at the expense of two people being slightly injured, clearing the landing obstacles.

Considering that the Afghan army has 14000 troops on the island, and the first batch of British landing troops only have 1000 troops at most, how to win more with less can only be a surprise victory. To this end, Woodward painstakingly arranged a maze.

Commandos sent by "Special Security Service" and "Special Security Service" have been lurking on the island for a long time. Under the cover of British residents on the island, while looking for the protection of the Afghan army, they were active and harassed everywhere, but they did not attack the headquarters of the Afghan army. The main reason is that the British army cracked the code and the Afghan army headquarters became an important source of British intelligence.

On May 1 9, four British reconnaissance teams landed.

On May 20th, the British fleet cruised in the southwest waters of Falklands and sent destroyers to shell targets on the shore. False landings also took place in Darwin Harbour and Fox Bay. Draw Ajun's attention to the direction of Stanley Port. Two days ago, the British assault formation entered the sea area about 2 0 0 nautical miles northeast of Falklands from the South Island. In the afternoon before landing, it used bad weather and night cover to maneuver to the landing area and started near the fan point.

At 3: 00 a.m. on May 2nd 1, S A S commandos landed at Fanning Point as the first echelon, and with the assistance of the reconnaissance detachment that landed earlier, about 5 0 Afghan guards were wiped out. At 3: 30, the British army began to prepare for naval gun shooting. At 3: 40, two British amphibious assault ship and four landing ships landed in San Carlos, but they landed smoothly without resistance. The British seized the weakness of the Afghan army's poor combat capability at night and seized personnel and materials against time, landing 2,500 people and 32,000 tons of materials in four hours. And build fortifications, organize defense, and prepare for the counterattack of the Afghan army. Sure enough, at dawn, the Afghan army dispatched 1.6 pukkala attack aircraft and 1.4 mirage jets to violently attack the British fleet and landed at the beachhead position. Afghan pilots have undergone rigorous training by instructors from the United States, France, Israel and other countries, with high technology, fierce style and strong combat effectiveness. Facing the air defense system composed of British anti-aircraft guns, missiles and harrier fighters, we sank the frigate Enthusiasm without fear, wounding 1 destroyer, two frigates and 1 auxiliary ship. Ajun also paid the price of being shot down by 1 4 aircraft. The British army resisted the Afghan army's counterattack, controlled the beachhead position of 2 0 square kilometers, and laid a steel airstrip for harrier and helicopter to take off and land, further consolidating the beachhead landing.

On May 22nd, the Afghan army inexplicably held its ground, giving the British a breathing space. The British army took the opportunity to replenish supplies, adjust the deployment, and set up a "Blowpipe" air defense missile company, and organized a perfect air defense fire distribution system.

On May 2nd and 3rd, the Afghan army dispatched nearly 100 sorties, continued to launch fierce air strikes and sank the "Antelope" frigate.

On May 25th, Argentina's National Day, the Argentine Air Force went all out to dispatch about 2 0 0 sorties throughout the day, and achieved a brilliant record of sinking the destroyer Coventry and the carrier of the ro-ro ship Atlantic, injuring 65,438+0 destroyers and 65,438+0 frigates. Fortunately for the British, the 1 6 Harrier fighter and 1 Chinook heavy helicopter transported on the Atlantic aircraft carrier flew to the shore airport before being sunk. In the past three days, the Argentine air force fought bravely and dealt a heavy blow to the British army. However, the performance of the aircraft is not as good as that of the British. Secondly, it can't get strong support from the navy and the army. Third, because Argentina 100 has been without war for many years and its combat readiness is poor, 4 0% of the bombs dropped did not explode, which could not prevent the British from landing. And its own loss is as high as 3 1 frame. In three days, the number of British troops ashore has reached 5,000, the beachhead position has been expanded to 1.50 square kilometers, the supply base and communication hub have been established, and an aluminum alloy runway has been added to the steel plate runway.

On May 2 7, the British army began to launch a land attack, and the soldiers were divided into two ways to advance to Stanley Port. South Road, led by the 2nd Paratrooper Battalion and backed by the 45th Marine Battalion, attacked from the south along the southeast highway, passing through Darwin Harbour, Gusgreen, fitzroy Bay and Bluff Bay. The North Road was led by six 0 S A S players, followed by the 3rd Paratrooper Battalion and the 4th Marine Battalion, and went straight to Stanley along Douglas and Tyre Bay.

On May 28th, British troops captured Darwin Harbour and Douglas.

On May 29th, British troops captured Gusgreen and Tyre Bay.

On May 30th, Afghan army dispatched 1 Super Flag and four Skyhawks to attack the British flagship "Invincible" aircraft carrier. The Afghan army wounded the Invincible at the cost of two Skyhawks being shot down, but the British denied it. That night, 3,000 British troops transported by the passenger ship "Queen Elizabeth II" landed on the island. Further strengthened the strength of the British army.

1 On May 3rd, 2008, the British troops on the North Road arrived at Kent Hill, deployed on the spot and waited for the British troops on the South Road.

On June 1 day, the British troops on the south road also arrived at Kent Mountain and joined the British troops on the north road. At this time, the Argentine army adopted the policy of giving up the periphery and focusing on the main force to stick to Stanley Port. After the British captured Mount Kent and Mount Zajelin and completed the siege of Stanley Port, they were not in a hurry to attack, but adjusted their deployment and supplemented their supplies. It sent S A S and S B A members to conduct battlefield reconnaissance everywhere, and soon found out that the Afghan army took Mount Kent and Mount Zajelin as the first line of defense, Mount Hareton and Mount Landen as the second line of defense, and Wireless Ridge, Mountain Falling, Mount William and Mount Gongbing as the main defensive positions, that is, the Gartieri line. Knowing the enemy's situation, Woodward decided to join the fifth infantry brigade of the follow-up unit. The brigade has jurisdiction over three battalions. Camp A is the Welsh Guard and Camp B is the Scottish Guard. This battalion participated in World War II and is famous for defeating the Germans in the Battle of El Alamein. Camp C is a famous Gurkha camp, named after the soldiers are all Gurkhas recruited by Nepal. Gurkhas are famous for their hard work and courage. Everyone is carrying a Gurkha machete. They used this sharp machete and fierce knife method in World War II.

On June 7, the fifth brigade boarded the landing ship, quietly set off and landed on Lively Island. When passing through Swan Bay, Brigadier General Wilson Moore found that the Afghan troops in Fozlo were retreating. Moore, relying on the excellent intuition of a professional soldier, felt that this was an excellent opportunity. Without the approval of the headquarters, he decided to land in Hilaf Bay, which is only 1.6 km away from Stanley Port. This move was generally considered to be very proactive after the war. Due to the withdrawal of the Afghan army, 3,500 people from the British Fifth Brigade successfully landed in Hiraf Bay.

On June 8, the Afghan army dispatched a large number of planes to attack the British army on the beach of Hilaf Bay, sinking 1 landing ship and injuring 1 frigate and 1 landing ship. A jun lost 1 1 plane. But still can't stop the British landing. At this time, the strength of the British army on the island has been greatly enhanced, with 8,000 ground troops, 3 0 heavy guns and 2 0 tanks.

On June 1 day 1 day, after three days of preparation, the British army bombed intensively with Vulcan bombers and Harrier fighters. At the same time, destroyers and frigates supported the ground forces to storm the second line of defense of the Afghan army under the cover of naval gun fire. The 45th Marine Battalion captured Mount Harriet and Mount Landon, broke through the second line of defense and took control of all commanding heights except Stanley. A Jun's only counterattack was to injure the destroyer glamorgan with the shore-based AM-39 flying fish missile.

On June 1 2, the British army took a day off as planned. That night, the radio monitoring team on Mount Kent intercepted and deciphered the secret telegram sent to the President by the Argentine army on the island, and learned that the Argentine army was unable to fight any more. Brigadier general Moore decided to immediately put himself into the reserve and carry out the last blow. In the middle of the night, the British 5th Brigade Battalion B, Battalion C and the 2nd Paratrooper Battalion launched a full-scale attack on the Afghan army along the secret passage marked by S&B, and fought for five hours. At 5 am on June 1 3, they captured Wireless Ridge, Sunset and Mount William, and seized all the key points on galtieri's defense line.

On June 1 4, the British army continued to attack, and the Afghan army abandoned its heavy weapons and retreated into the downtown area of Stanley Port. From 7: 30 in the morning, the British army concentrated all the artillery bombardment. As soon as the Afghan artillery returned fire, it was destroyed by the precise firepower guided by the British artillery aiming radar and computer fire control system. Then the British army bombed the target of Stanley port with all their strength. The heavy shelling lasted for ten hours, and the British army * * * fired 12000 shells, which almost exhausted all the ammunition of the British army. In the afternoon, the British and Arab armies reached an informal ceasefire agreement.

At 2 1 4 June, the remaining 9,000 Afghan troops in Stanley Port surrendered. At this point, the fighting basically subsided.

On June 1 5, the President of Argentina announced that the fighting in the Falkland Islands had ended. Britain also announced that the Afghan army had surrendered and recaptured the Falkland Islands. At this point, the Falklands War, which lasted for 7 4 days, officially ended.

In mid-July, the two sides repatriated prisoners of war. In August, it was announced that the sea and air no-fly zone was cancelled and normal navigation was resumed. At this point, the hostility between the two countries has completely ended.

The failure of Falklands also led to the intensification of domestic contradictions in Argentina. President Galtie, naval and air force commanders and other senior generals were forced to resign. After the civilian government came to power in the next year's general election, it sent the main military leaders who started the war to the military court for trial.

In the war, the British army killed 2 5 5 people, wounded 7 7 7 people and captured 2 1 0 people. 3 7 aircraft were lost, including 8 Harrier fighters. Two destroyers were sunk, two frigates, landing ships 1, ro-ro cargo ships 1, four injured destroyers, frigates 1, two landing ships and minesweepers 1. The cost is $65.438+0.7 billion. In Argentina, 1 0 0 0 people died, 13000 people were injured, and 1 18000 people were captured. Aircraft loss 1 1 7. 1 cruiser, 1 submarine, 1 reconnaissance ship, 2 supply ship, 1 patrol boat was sunk. Six warships were injured. It cost $3.2 billion. In addition, the direct and indirect economic losses caused by economic sanctions imposed by the United States and Europe amount to billions of dollars.

The British army won because of the following points:

First, Albania took the initiative in strategic decision-making, but misjudged that Britain would not go on an expedition, and overestimated national feelings and military strength. Its decision is based on wishful thinking. Although Britain rushed to fight in the early stage, it responded quickly, made accurate decisions, objectively and soberly assessed the situation, adopted a decisive and positive strategic policy, focused on military struggle, and took a multi-pronged approach of politics, diplomacy and economy, fully mobilized all favorable conditions at home and abroad, gave full play to its overall advantages, and finally headed for victory.

Second, in the deployment of troops, the Afghan army made a wrong judgment on the international situation, the British attempt and the strategic direction. After Britain sent troops, it thought that Britain would attack Argentina and defend its homeland with a large number of troops; Deeply wary of Chile, a neighboring country with territorial disputes, a large number of elite armored forces were deployed on the border; In the Falklands Theater, the West Island near the mainland was not fully utilized, and only 3% of the troops were deployed. On the East Island, the main force is concentrated near Stanley Port, and other areas are scattered and guarded, so there is not enough mobile force for the British army to take advantage of.

Third, in terms of tactical guidance, the Afghan army was passive in thinking and inflexible in tactics, and did not use the most effective aviation to attack the most important logistics ships with the weakest defense ability of the British army. This was the biggest mistake. In the history of war, it is extremely rare for the defender not to attack the long and fragile supply line of the attacker. The British army has correct strategic guiding ideology, flexible and diverse tactics, and is good at grasping key links and striving for initiative. If the South Island is captured first, it will not only boost morale, but also gain a foothold and a forward base, killing two birds with one stone. Another example is the sinking of the Albanian cruiser in one fell swoop, which greatly shocked the Afghan army and forced its navy not to fight.

Fourth, in terms of the command system, the Argentine Joint Command exists in name only, and it cannot assume the role of strategic command and coordination. Senior generals of the upper-level leading group, including President galtieri, have no actual combat experience and lack command literacy. Theater commanders Lieutenant General osvaldo Garcí a, General Juan Rembado, General Brigadier General menendez, etc. Very common. They did not seriously organize the preparations for landing resistance, and their operational command was not tenacious. Many places quit without a fight. Britain set up the wartime cabinet as the supreme commander, centralized command and dispatch of all services and government departments to make them coordinated. Entrusted command mode is adopted, that is, front-line commanders are given full command of the war zone, and important actions outside the war zone and related to the war process are decided by the wartime cabinet. This highly centralized and extremely flexible command system has enabled the British army to give full play to the overall power of joint operations of various services and arms. Major General Woodward, commander of the British army, and General Moore, brigadier general, are outstanding people with high military quality and rich experience.

Fifth, in terms of combat readiness, although Albania has the determination to seize the Falklands, it has not made long-term ideological and material preparations. It has not invested enough troops in the Falkland Islands to gain an advantage. In addition, Argentina does not have its own defense industry, and it does not need to reserve important strategic materials at ordinary times. The United States and Europe imposed an arms embargo, and the consumption of aircraft and missiles was not supplemented, which led to the exhaustion of the Arab Air Force, which directly weakened the attack power in the later period. In addition, the Afghan army is not well prepared at ordinary times, which affects its own combat effectiveness. In particular, 4 0% of the bombs dropped by the Afghan army did not explode due to the failure or expiration of the bomb fuse. The British army believes that if all the bombs dropped by the Afghan army explode, the losses of the British army will reach an unsustainable level. The British army usually has a high degree of combat readiness, and 6 0% of warships can be put into battle at any time, with sufficient material reserves. Its army is a well-trained standing army, which often drills in various climates and terrains and can quickly enter the war. In particular, only 8 0% of the British logistics ships were requisitioned from civilian ships, so only a special civilian ship requisition plan and modification scheme were completed in two or three days, showing amazing efficiency.

Sixth, in terms of logistics support, the Arab side did not seriously organize logistics after occupying the island. First of all, it didn't build an airport with the necessary scale on the island, which made the Afghan plane take off only from the mainland far away from the war zone. Due to the limitation of the operational radius, the operational effect was greatly affected. Secondly, the shortage of materials on the island, the consumption after the war and the blockade of the British army made the supply of the Afghan army a fatal problem. The troops are short of food, clothing and ammunition, and they can't fight at all. On the contrary, the logistics support of British troops far away from home is excellent. They have established a midway supply base in Ascension Island, a forward supply base in South Georgia Island and a beachhead supply base in San Carlos. They used modern sea and air transportation, and after careful scientific planning and organization, they continuously replenished the troops, ensuring that every British soldier could have two hot meals a day, new warm clothes and sufficient ammunition, and four medical ships provided medical and health care. In terms of communication guarantee, in addition to using American communication satellites, 2 6 radio transmitting stations have been established in Gibraltar, Ascension Island, Canada and New Zealand. In addition, the task force itself has complete electronic equipment and strong interference and anti-interference ability. Make the communication between the fleet and the mainland smooth.

These circumstances show that Argentina rashly launched a war under the condition of serious lack of preparation, and there is no reason to be invincible.