Ask your occupation, Danzhou, Huizhou, Huangzhou.

I am from Boer and live in Xishu Prefecture. Suddenly crossing the ocean, such as traveling far.

Life and death are dreams, and there is no inferiority among them. Knowing that I will never see you again, I want to go and stay less.

In A.D. 1 100, the pardoned Su Dongpo was about to leave the island and return to the north. Deeply moved, he wrote this song "Farewell to CoCo Lee Watch in Hainan", expressing his infinite nostalgia for this exile and his feelings for his friends. He even called Danzhou in Hainan his hometown from the bottom of his heart.

This year is the third year that Su Dongpo was demoted to Hainan.

In the same year, Su Dongpo passed away, and before he died, he wrote his last words: "Ask your life achievements, Huangzhou Huizhou Danzhou".

Su Dongpo has been known for a thousand years, and his deeds and poems are also widely known, but I found that many articles did not describe his life during his stay in Huizhou and Hainan.

Hainan, a rising tropical island, welcomes thousands of Chinese and foreign tourists to spend their holidays and travel here every year. Beautiful natural scenery soothes tourists, and the blue sea washes away their tired hearts. In the eyes of the world, it is like a holiday paradise.

However, through the Millennium to the Great Song Dynasty 1097, Hainan is still an uncivilized and wild land, and the displacement of the ends of the earth alone is enough to make people feel scared. Being demoted to Hainan is the punishment second only to the death penalty, whether it is life or death is unknown.

At this time, Su Dongpo was in exile in Huizhou, and his life in his later years was not as long as when he was in Huangzhou. "Who knows that life is not less?" The water in front of the door can still flow westward. Don't sing white-haired yellow chickens, let them fly; There are no heroic and passionate "romantic figures across a river" when traveling in Huangzhou. ...

In Huizhou, there are more sighs and confusions about "this night is not good in this life, where to see the bright moon next year". However, there is also the optimism of "300 lychees a day, and I am willing to be a Lingnan person". Su Dongpo thought he could live in Huizhou in his later years, but his political opponents did not relax his persecution.

One day, Su Dongpo was full of poetry and wrote a poem "Vertical Pen": "The bald head is full of frost, and the rattan bed in the pavilion is sick. It is said that Mr. Wang slept beautifully in spring, and the Taoist knocked for five minutes. " It's about a white-haired old man, lying on a cane chair in the afternoon when the spring breeze blows, listening to the monk's bell in the temple behind the house.

As a result, when this poem came out, the ruling and opposition parties shook. When Zhang Dun, the prime minister of Su Dongpo's political enemy, found out, he felt that Su Dongpo was too comfortable and happy to be demoted to Huizhou, and he lost his temper. Then he played Song Zhezong, saying that Su Dongpo wrote poems to satirize politics, and requested to demote Hainan again. So he was demoted, and Su Dongpo, who was in his sixties, was demoted to Danzhou, Hainan.

As a last resort, Su Dongpo had to leave Huizhou for Danzhou again. When he arrived in Wuzhou, Su Dongpo learned from the oral description of the local people that his brother Su Zhe, who had been demoted to Leizhou Peninsula, passed by and wrote a poem "Who will write geography this year and next, Wan Li Hainan is my hometown", and sent someone to catch up. After meeting in Tengzhou, the two brothers accompanied each other to Leizhou Peninsula. At that time, the prefect of Leizhou warmly received the Su Dongpo brothers. They stayed here for a few days, but they didn't expect this to be the last time the two brothers met.

Crossing the sea is where you want to go. When Su Dongpo was in Huizhou, he decided not to keep company with his family. Finally, only his youngest son, Su Guo, accompanied him to Hainan.

When leaving, Su Dongpo was disheartened and even prepared to die in Hainan. In a letter to a friend, he said: an old man has been abandoned and there is no hope of resurrection. Spring and his eldest son have taken care of their affairs. When I arrived in Hainan today, I was a coffin first, and then a grave. It is Dongpo's family style to leave his hands to philosophers, to be buried overseas when he dies, and to help the coffin alive.

On June 1 1 this year, Su Dongpo, Su Guo and several soldiers boarded the ship. Although the voyage is short and the weather is fine, the outline of the mountains on the island stands on the horizon and the sea is endless. For tourists on the island now, they may be excited to take pictures of the beautiful sea. However, at this moment, Su Dongpo is "dazzling" and has no joy.

Some people say, "Dongpo is unlucky, but Hainan is lucky." Thousands of years ago, it was this tropical holiday paradise in the eyes of the world that ushered in Su Dongpo, who was in an uncertain mood after crossing the sea. From then on, Hainan embraced Su Dongpo, and the cultural process in Hainan swept away the gloom and accepted the most dazzling light in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Maybe this is fate. Su Dongpo, a great writer and poet, is destined to have an indissoluble bond with Hainan.

Su Dongpo was demoted to Hainan as an official, with the title of another family in Qiongzhou hanging on his head, and actually had no real power. Not only that, at that time, political opponents gave Su Dongpo three bans: no official food, no official residence and no office work.

However, as soon as he arrived in Danzhou, he was warmly welcomed and entertained by the local people and Changhua Army Ambassador Zhong Zhang. Zhong Zhang risked his life and was dismissed from office, took Su Dongpo and Su Guo to the official residence, and entertained them with wine and delicacies every day. Zhong Zhang and Su Guo played chess all day, while Su Dongpo watched the battle. Sometimes, Zhong Zhang also talks with Su Dongpo about business, which brings great comfort to Su Dongpo's painful heart.

The so-called official residence recorded in the biography of Su Dongpo is actually just a small old house. Autumn rain is coming, and the roof leaks. Su Dongpo will move his bed in the east and west at night. Zhang Zhong once used public funds to repair it.

"The weather in Lingnan is low and humid, and the atmosphere is steaming, especially in Hainan." At that time, Hainan Island was muggy in summer, foggy in winter and rainy in autumn, and everything was moldy. Su Dongpo once saw many termites die on his bedpost. This living environment is hard enough, but political opponents still refuse to let Su Dongpo go.

When Hunan promoted Dong Biwu to Guangxi, he heard that Zhong Zhang gave Su Dongpo a residence and gave him warm hospitality. He immediately sent an envoy to cross the sea, removed Zhong Zhang's office and expelled Su Dongpo's father and son from the residence. After being expelled from the official residence, Su Dongpo "has no meat, no medicine, no room and no friends, no charcoal in winter and no cold in spring in summer", and his life is in trouble.

Most of Su Dongpo's days in Hainan were difficult. He himself said that when he was demoted to Hainan, he sold all the wine vessels for food and clothing, leaving only a lotus leaf cup with exquisite workmanship for entertainment.

In fact, Su Dongpo was so famous at that time that he was exiled to Hainan. The people also knew that he could live a good life by selling a painting and calligraphy work, instead of selling all the wine vessels. But at that time, Hainan was still an uncivilized and barbarian land, with backward education and low people's cultural level. Even if Su Dongpo sells calligraphy and painting, no one knows how to appreciate and pay the bill.

Danzhou people are lazy to farm and hunt for a living. Grain, cloth, salt and pickles are all brought in from the mainland, and even rice is imported from the mainland. The locals only eat taro and drink white water for meals. In winter, when rice boats can't reach Hainan, Su Dongpo has to rely on taro and white water to make a living.

Su Dongpo is not only a great scholar and writer, but also a versatile person and an optimist whose nature cannot be changed.

When he first arrived in Danzhou, Su Dongpo felt that he was in an uninhabited place. The blow of relegation in his later years and the great contrast given by Hainan's natural humanities made Su Dongpo feel very depressed and surrounded by endless loneliness. However, if this depression and pain continue forever, then he is not Su Dongpo, and he quickly made adjustments.

Su Dongpo sang with the great hermit Tao Yuanming on the same stage, exchanged letters with his younger brother Su Zhe across the Taiwan Strait, and often wandered around temples, Taoist temples and village streets, interacting with local people. His heart gradually calmed down, gradually integrated into the local environment and walked out of his heart. Although he still can't get rid of the hardships of life and his mood fluctuates from time to time in Danzhou, he generally spends it with a detached and happy attitude.

Su Dongpo once said that he "can accompany the jade emperor in the world and beggars in the wilderness", and there is no one in the world who is not a good person. He is with local scholars and village women, and there is no distinction between high and low. When chatting with them, he often sits on the floor and listens to them.

He often walks around with a big dog named Wuzui, which belongs to Hainan. Under the betel nut tree, Su Dongpo and the plowman were laughing and laughing, and were shocked by the erudition of Su University. They could only say "I don't know what to say". Su Dongpo said, then talk about ghosts. Tell me some ghost stories! Those people don't know any interesting ghost stories, so Su Dongpo said, Never mind, just say whatever you hear.

Su Dongpo once wandered in the suburbs and met an old woman walking in the field with a big ladle on her back. Su Dongpo asked: What is the world like? The old woman replied: the world is like a spring dream. Su Dongpo thought she didn't hear clearly, and repeated: How is the world? The old woman replied: Hanlin is rich, and it's a spring dream! Hearing this, Su Dongpo admired the old woman and felt inferior to her.

On another occasion, Su Dongpo saw a young Li woman chewing betel nut, carrying a bamboo basket to deliver food to her husband who was farming in the field, and began to sing:

My hair is fluffy, my mouth is black, and I send meals to Fu Tian every day.

When Li women saw Su Dongpo's poems, they immediately opened their mouths and answered:

All right and wrong are caused by talking too much. Remember that the king despises you.

Su Dongpo was once again impressed by Hainan women.

Su Dongpo's material life in Hainan is poor, but he is becoming more and more enthusiastic. Yu wrote in Tianya Tale: Su Dongpo was ill and blushed after a few drinks. The children think he has regained his vitality.

Sometimes there is no wine or food, and mainland ships haven't come for a long time, so he counts when the landlord will sacrifice the stove and prepare to have a good meal with him. He has several friends named Li, who often visit each other. When the weather is fine, he likes to stand in front of his friend's house and watch the pedestrians. When it rains, he borrows the local coconut hat and clogs to wear home.

Along the way, women and children laughed at his strange appearance and even the dog barked at him. He asked women, children and dogs in droves: Are you laughing at me? Call me strange? Sometimes he is half drunk and absently visits his friends. The children greeted him by blowing onion leaves. He only remembered that his residence was in the west of the cowshed, so he searched for cow dung and touched it home all the way.

Spring has come and the scenery is more beautiful. Su Dongpo, who hasn't written lyrics for a long time, can't help humming another poem "Magnolia with Simple Words": Spring cattle and spring branches, infinite scenery coming to the sea. Let beggars work in spring and dye them pink like meat. Spring is coming, and the spring breeze wakes you up. Not like the end of the world, but like snowflakes. Who would have thought that this irrepressible rhythm of joy came from the heart of an elderly and demoted official?

In 1 100, the old minister Yuan You was pardoned, and on June 20th, Su Dongpo was pardoned and returned to the north.

When he and his son Su Guo left Danzhou, many locals took drinks and dry food to see them off. It was not until Su Dongpo and Su Guo boarded the boat at the port of Chengmai ancient town and drifted away, disappearing into the vast sea, that the people turned around and went home with tears in their eyes.

When leaving, Su Dongpo left the last poem "Crossing the Sea on June 20th" in Chengmai:

I want to go to the third night, and it will clear up after a bitter rain.

Who embellishes the clouds and the moon, the sky and the sea will be clear.

In his spare time, Chaucer took advantage of music to get a general understanding of Xuanyuan's music.

I don't hate the narrow escape in the south. I spent the rest of my life traveling.

Expressed the joy of returning to the north in case of forgiveness and the feeling of leaving Hainan.

Su Dongpo lived in honesty all his life, and the older he got, the harder it became. He was exiled to Hainan in his later years. He thought he would die of old age overseas, but he met the people of Hainan who loved him. I don't blame him for saying "ask your career, Danzhou, Huizhou and Huangzhou" before he died, and compare Danzhou, which is isolated overseas, with Huangzhou and Huizhou, and sincerely thank him.

Su Dongpo regards Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou as his achievements, but in fact his mood is very complicated, and he said it in a self-deprecating tone.

Su Dongpo had a great influence on Hainan's culture and initiated Hainan's cultural education. Before Su Dongpo came to Hainan, there were no real scholars in Hainan. After he came to Hainan, he trained Jiang Tangzuo, the first person in Hainan, and Fu Que, the first scholar. Since then, Hainan people have gained a lot in the imperial examinations. According to statistics, in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Hainan produced 767 juren and 97 Jinshi.

This cannot but be attributed to Su Dongpo's great contribution to Hainan education. In the historical records of Hainan, the people of Hainan have always remembered Su Dongpo's contribution to Hainan education. The Records of Qiongtai Chronicle records that Song He's public admonition, teaching times, enlightenment and prosperity, and Qiongzhou's humanistic prosperity were actually inspired by the people. Hainan people have a high opinion of Su Dongpo, which shows that Su Dongpo's influence and contribution to local culture and education after his demotion is true and objective.

The three years in Danzhou, Hainan, is the period in which Su Dongpo suffered the most in his life, but it is also the peak of his literary creation, and the period in which his life spirit sublimated to the extreme and his philosophical understanding of the meaning of life was the deepest.

During this period, with the help of Su Guo, he compiled Miscellaneous Notes and compiled them into Dongpo Zhi Lin. He also completed the annotation of Shangshu. According to statistics, Su Dongpo wrote more than 130 poems in Hainan, including 15 poems by He Tao.

It can be seen that the wild spirit outside the ridge did not damage Su Dongpo's talent. On the contrary, repeated hardships are the best tempering of poetry, and finally it turns into gorgeous words.