Killing locusts in Xu Guangqi

Xu Guangqi's "Eliminating Grasshoppers"

The state does not deal with livestock accumulation, nor does it prepare for human losses. There are three reasons for the increase of hunger: water, drought and locusts. Low-lying, rainy, troubled by floods and droughts. There are still many places that have survived, but the drought is extremely dry, locusts are rampant, and the grass and trees are exhausted, or cattle and horses are exhausted. This kind of harm is more serious than floods and droughts. Although there are two disasters, flood and drought, some of which are heavy and some are light, I will not change my mind. Although Tang Yao is in the world, I still can't get it, which is almost doomed. But if locusts are not, they must be prepared, repaired and preserved first, and manpower can be eliminated without any education. This is different from flood and drought. Although water leads to a mountain and a ridge, drought leads to a well and a pool, that is, lonely cold and lonely waves can save themselves. But locusts are not. They must rely on the help of the state, unite the heart of the city, and unite thousands of people. There is no principle of self-exemption. This is different from flood and drought. Generally speaking, the plague of locusts is very serious and easy to eliminate. We must work together to get rid of it, and then it is easy to get rid of it. The list is as follows.

When there was a plague of locusts

I want to press: regarding the locust plague during the national victory in the Spring and Autumn Period, there were11people who wrote a book that month, 2 people who wrote a book in February, 3 people who wrote a book in March, 19 people who wrote a book in April and 20 people who wrote a book in May. 12 people wrote a book in August, 1 people wrote a book in September, and13 people wrote a book in February. It is the most prosperous between summer and autumn, and it is also positive when it is mature, so it is the most harmful. This is what Wang needs most. According to the records of the Song Dynasty, in February, locusts in 130 counties such as Kaifeng Prefecture came back to life, mostly old stingers. In the Book of Hanshu, the book of Andi Yonghe in 1945: Summer Locust and June and March, and the book: Locust Rebirth after Old Age, Yue; Locust is a kind of castration. Locust is not a stinging locust. The old farmer who heard it said: locusts are born like millet, rotate for a few days as big as flies, jump and walk, so they are called cockroaches. A few days later, it flew. It was called a locust. The beak kept gnawing at the place where it stopped, so Yilin was called a hungry bug, and a few days later it became pregnant. 18, the son of the underground returned to be a cockroach, and the cockroach returned to be a locust, so it spread and harmed, so it spread widely. Those who give birth under the autumn moon are attached to the vegetation, and they can't survive the winter if they die. However, nine times out of ten, the autumn moon will cause disaster, and in winter and spring, there will be all kinds of harm without any benefit. In the third winter, many people will be destroyed by rain and snow. Since April, all the people who suffered book disasters were locusts at the beginning of this year, and no one left behind. Therefore, a detailed understanding of what it was born for and what it was destroyed for can lead to the law of extinction.

◎ The land where locusts were born

I want to press: locusts must be born on the edge of osawa. However, beside the Peng Li area in Dongting, there were no locusts in ancient times, and they would suddenly flourish and dry up. For example, in the counties south of Youzhuo, north of Changhuai, west of Qingyan and east of Liang and Song Dynasties, lakes are widely distributed and caves are impermanent, which means that they are dry and locusts are born. Looking back at the previous generation and what the eyes and ears recorded, most of them are like this. If this place is destroyed, it will reach the ears of the heirs. According to the book "A Hundred Years' Travelers" in Yuan Dynasty, several counties were damaged on the way, which is called Pingyang, west of Qin Jin. Both Xiezhou and Huazhou are called Longshan. This river is called Jiang Yao, with Shaanxi, Yun Xiang, Qishan, martial arts and spiritual life. To the south of the great river are Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Longxing, Nankang, Zhenjiang and Dantu, each with one, and twenty with two, that is, four hundred and twenty-one ears. From the thirty-third year of Wan 'e to the first year of the Northern Apocalypse, and in the seven years of the Southern China, six people were plagued by locusts, which were more successful in Dingsi and served in summer in autumn, while all the states were plagued by locusts between Wei, Shaanxi, Yi and Qi. The local people said: there is nothing in a hundred years. Jiangnan people don't know what locusts are. In 2008, they went south to Changzhou, and some scholars did their best. Therefore, those people who have dried up the river are also the origin of locusts. They want to eliminate locusts, so they can figure out this place.

The life of locusts

You must be next to osawa. You will see it. Wan Cuo, Geng Xu and Teng Zou all set out from Lumeng Lake in Zhaoyang. Ren Qiu's words: locusts began at Zhaobaokou, or came from reeds, which were born and the water was boundless. So locusts are water species, there is no doubt. Or: it's fish eggs. And he is arbitrary and thinks he is nothing. All insects, midges and feather worms can change phase, for example, the borer is a slug, the slug is a cicada, and the water maggot is a mosquito. I have no idea if scale insects can become heterogeneous, and this proof is true. Er Ya's wings say: You are good at swimming and jumping, and you are also good at jumping. These two certificates are also true. Although things have phase changes, most of them can be formed by molting. Therefore, many aspects are Xiao. If the shape of a locust is cool, then its body, its head, its veins, its meat taste, and the shape and taste of its son are nothing more than the shape and taste of a locust. These three certificates are also true. Silkworms become moths, and children become silkworms. Taiping Yu Lan Yan has a good year, and locusts become locusts, and those who know them also become locusts. The same is true of these four syndromes. There are many kinds of raccoons, with white and soft shells scattered in early summer and red and hard shells scattered in late summer, so the birth of locusts is different in the morning and evening. There are no locusts in the south of the Yangtze River and aquatic plants in the lake. In the south, it is not surprising that water grass farmers occupy more fields. But the lake is always full, the grass is always in the water, and the scorpions attached to it are only scorpions. The lake in the north overflowed, and the grass went with the water and dried up. The grass flowed around and the scorpion attached the grass. Spring and summer can't be steamed, and the hot and humid air turns into locusts. So we know that locusts are born in raccoons, and raccoons are locusts because of the accumulation of aquatic plants.

◎ Test the past methods of locust control.

There are many records, most of which are written by Yao Chong in Tang Dynasty, and the strictest is Song Zhichun. "Chongzhuan" said: In the fourth year of Kaiyuan, the locusts in Shandong were sacrificed to the people, and the seedlings were not allowed to be caught. The poem said: Catch a thief and pay the fire. Han Guangwu wrote a letter saying: "Obey the current situation and persuade the Governor of Nongsang to be a moth thief. This is also a letter to eliminate locusts. " . Locusts are afraid of people being driven away, and the fields are all their own, so they are not afraid to work hard to keep them. Please build a fire pit next to it at night, so that it can burn. There is an ancient saying that those who don't win the battle don't necessarily kill their ears. Instead, I made a suggestion to catch locusts and kill them separately. Ni Ruoshui, the governor of Bianzhou, said: Those who kill natural disasters should be ashamed. When Liu Cong exterminated locusts, the harm became more and more serious, and he refused to listen. Those who advocate the transfer of books call: the teacher is arrogant and the demon is invincible. Today, the devil is invincible. The ancients were good at guarding locusts and avoiding their surroundings, that is, they could avoid them, and they would be helpless. Today, I'm sitting still, watching the food endure without saving it. Because I have no years, I am afraid. If you are afraid of water as an obstacle, 140 thousand stones will catch locusts, and the negotiators will make noise, and the emperor will beg for worship in doubt. He said, I don't know how to change the quagmire of Confucianism, but things are against it, the power to learn and adapt from the Tao. In the past, Wei's and Shandong locusts endured people eating people. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, there was a plague of locusts. Now that migratory locusts are full, there is no place for them in Henan and Hebei. If you can't get it, you will be displaced, and your safety depends on it. Besides, we can't beg locusts and raise locusts, so it's only natural for the emperor to do so. Lu Shushen, the supervisor of Huangmen, said: Any natural disaster can be controlled by manpower, and killing locusts will be violent and harmonious. I want to think about it publicly. Chong said: Once upon a time, the king of Chu swallowed leeches and fell ill. Uncle Ao is blessed to break the snake. Today, locusts were lucky enough to be driven away. If they are exhausted, if the people kill insects and save lives, the disaster will be attributed to worship, not to the public. The locust has stopped hurting. SongNo.: When locusts are born, if they fly down, the landlords and neighbors will hide their words. Those who fail to apply for extinction in real time will get 100 sticks. Reporting officials, who accept the report but refuse to accept it, accept it without personally eliminating it, or make false applications without eliminating it, will get 2 points each. The lawsuit abandoned the fields and pastures where migratory locusts lived, so Zuo Ying sent people to collect and dig insects, but those who could not get enough insects to grow the next year were given 100 sticks. Locusts germinated and fell down, leaving behind offspring. They dug endlessly, and as a result, a hundred sticks grew again, landlords and guardians. Those who lose weight by dispersing insects and locusts, such as officials, citizens, townships, calligraphers, collecting taxes and begging for property. The staff of various departments ask for property from others because of digging locusts, and the staff are bound by begging law because of their duties: although they have been dispatched, they are guilty of trapping locusts. Moreover, during his tenure, he also wrote a letter: those who lost their seeds due to digging will be priced in addition to paying taxes. The official gave the landlord several dollars. In addition, there are two ways. Say: Su Yi locust. In the seventh year of Jin Tianfu, the people were ordered to catch locusts and make up for it with a bucket of millet. One said, eat locusts. In the summer of the first year of Tang Zhenyuan, the locust people steamed it. I want to press: the plague of locusts is unstoppable, and Ni Ruoshui's cautious statement is also wrong. I can't bear to starve to death because of locusts. Fighting disasters for the people should be based on righteousness, and there is no way to violate it. There is no contradiction between bed repair and punishment. Thieves from enemy countries are always more harmful to people than locusts. Ningyun has cultivated everything, and the method of grasping and treating is busy and useless. It is clear that salt is born with rules to declare, remove and dig. Today's officials and people have never heard of it. It seems that we should follow Shen Yan's example and make it a merit and a decree. There are only two or three books about eating locusts. Emperor Taizong swallowed locusts, thinking that the people suffered for the people. This is told through the ages. In today's eastern province of Jinan, it is used as a regular food. I tried to rule Tianjin. When this disaster happened, everyone in the field knew that they would cook regardless of locusts. In the city, some people use each other to feed back their heritage, some are familiar with each other, and some are in the city. Then a few pennies can be exchanged for a bucket, and after eating, the residents accumulate them, thinking that they are stored in winter. The quality and taste are the same as dried meat, and people who don't eat regularly in the morning are still innocent. At the same time, the people of Shanshan are still confused about offering sacrifices, taking the injury as a warning, saying that it is edible and then frightened, covering up the spread of false letters, saying that it is angry, suspicious and willing to be hurt. In the eastern Jin Dynasty and southern Hebei Province, I knew that raccoons were things in the water and locusts on land, that is, eating locusts all the year round was no different from eating locusts, and there was no doubt about it.

Today, we are going to put things aside first.

I secretly said: Zhicao was born in its original place and plans to set up offices and yamen in Shandong, Henan and Zhili. Wherever there are lakes, depressions and stagnant water, after the first frost comes, I will personally inspect the degree of running water this year. Nowadays, there are many aquatic plants in the water margin, and many people gather to invade the water. If not, burn it on the spot, so as to burn it out. This must be caressed and presided over by the Taoist government, and it is beneficial for state and county officials to work together. If one party is lazy, it will infect the other party in this life. Yao Chong said, "There is no need to ask for endless people." . If in spring and summer, the residents of Apollo Lake can catch a stone and reduce the number of locusts. Do one stone, subtract one thousand stones. But let the people know this and be careful not to worry about it.

The grass is gone, and the grass attached to the scorpion can't grow. If the scorpion is on the ground, it will come back to life next spring and summer. We must temporarily arrest and treat. There are three ways. First, I saw the residents of the lake say that locusts are the easiest to be cured when they are born, but once they are changed, they become locusts, jumping wildly and unstoppable. Public security: residents should pay more attention when they are old, but when they see the mound rising, they should report it to the official immediately and gather people to put it out. At this time, they should save energy and get twice the result with half the effort. If it has become a jumping action, they must give up and catch it. Its method: according to different locations, pre-dig a long ditch, two feet deep and two feet wide, and make a pit when the ditch is separated to bury multiple sets. People, old and weak, all know that they will go there, line up along the ditch, or hold rafts, shovels and cymbals. After that, 50 people beat gongs. If a city is like this, its city will be restored and it will be exhausted. If the locust is as big as a bean, it can't be eaten. If it is more than an inch long, it is for the people of Yanqi, eat it and cook it for food. Third: Zhen Yu can fly, cover the sky and swim. There is no cure. According to where it fell, the convener took it away with a rope and stored it with a cloth. Su Yi played the lawsuit, and most of them were easy to kill and bury. However, there is a saying about Su Yi: The ancients said: There is no need to save the famine nearby. His people sent the villagers to the city for dozens of miles and came back in two days. When I saw the locusts in full bloom, there were curtains everywhere, which fell to the ground for several miles and several feet thick, and it was all over in two or three days. At this time, locusts are very easy to get, and there are several official millet, which makes people toss and turn. If you approach them with money, people will easily take it away. If you accept it, you can easily kill locusts, but people still advise you to do so. In other words, a group of people are embarrassed to send officials to the countryside, which may erode Li Zheng's people, so they have to quit. I don't think so. At this time, for the people, skins can be donated, people can eat them, and they are still officials. Second from left, for this reason, the official is here. To this end, the official is in the hospital. Not in this generation, we should make a hundred policemen to punish choking and waste food, and restore what officials can't be abolished and what can't be done. A county and a city don't need righteous people. If the gentry, nobles, righteous people and righteous people choose their goodness, they can't make it, but they also donate it voluntarily. How can they be officials? If you give Xiaomi, you will get locusts. The difficulty is poor and no appointment is needed.

◎ Method of cutting off afterwards.

Then: Xichun ordered him to dig worms. It is also recorded in the Records of Eating Goods of the Yuan Dynasty that in October, a county official was ordered to inspect the territory and tried many ways to get rid of the places where locusts left their sons. I press: if locusts want to leave their offspring, they must choose a place where the black soil is solid and dense, and plant it in the soil with their tails. If it is less than an inch deep, it will still leave a hole in it, and it will eat while flying. Its offspring will be in the same terrain at the same time, such as a hive, which is easy to find. A locust has laid more than ten seeds, which are shaped like beans. The white juice stops and gradually enriches, so there are more than one hundred seeds in one seed. Or cloud: ninety-nine children in a lifetime, otherwise. Xia Yue's son is easy to become, but it will rot if it rains within eight days, or he will be a grasshopper on the 18th. It's hard to be the son of the winter moon, but spring dies, and it doesn't rot snow and spring rain, and it doesn't enter thousands of feet. This kind of transmission can give birth to 1000 stones, so it is particularly urgent to dig in the winter and the moon, so farmers can search leisurely. The lawsuit is easy to get a stone for several stones, which is not enough to cherish. It is difficult to get a child, but it is appropriate to have an equal price difference with Xiaomi. It is especially important to give generously to let folk music go with the flow. Minister's Note: Everything we have done must be combined with the strength of all people. No matter a person, a family, a city or a county, it can't be done by one person alone. In other words, one hundred examples are enough. In the summer and May of the fourth year of Tang Kaiyuan, he sent an envoy to inspect the counties and counties in detail. People who are diligent and lazy are well-known, and the plague of locusts is not a big hunger. So I said: I am in charge of all courtyards, diligent in all counties and cities, and try my best to help the people in all counties and cities. My cherished land is deserted in the north. When disaster comes, locusts are like clouds, barren fields are like the sea, and tenants gather like the morning star. It's just sad to see that people's hearts are not as good as one. In previous years, locusts arrived in Changzhou and died in a few days. Although officials are diligent and the people are thoughtful, they need all the people more and more.

Chen said: locusts can be cooked with wild vegetables. In Fan Zhongyan's "Sparse", it is also revealed that you can replace the rice and try your best to catch it, just like catching food. Why not? But people in the northwest are willing to eat, people in the southeast are unwilling to eat, and there are few locusts in the waters, so they don't like what they see and hear. Chongzhen new temple, Jiahu drought locust, Yong people catch locusts to feed ducks, ducks are extremely fat, and people, animals and pigs in the mountains can't buy food. Try feeding them locusts. Their pig just started to weigh 20 kg, and grew to more than 50 kg in ten days, which shows the physical properties of this world. They are suitable for birds and animals, but not for humans. If people can eat, there is no reason why birds and animals can't eat. No wonder locusts can be used by pigs and ducks. They are afraid of more than that and come out of the table.

Chen said: If locusts are not built, they should be repaired to repel them. If locusts are made, they must be killed to repel them. Although things are wrong and Tao is wrong, I have gangrene on my back, saying that I have done nothing. I know about knives and needles, but my vitality has not been adjusted, and the poison has hit my heart and lungs and died. What Ni Ruoshui and Lu Luoshen saw was that those who almost lost their vitality at the time of gangrene, those who were humble, lazy and cowardly, regarded the life and death of the people and the survival of the country as irrelevant to themselves, for fear that a slight brush by me would be a disaster, which made the court order that the locust must be guarded at the beginning. If we can't catch it, it will do harm to the people. Take over his job and go to his house for relief. Fear of disaster is more flattering to ghosts, while locusts can stand up. Cherish the roar of the spring seems to be still not strict, cover the curse of the world, easy to spread, will be cured at the beginning, but because of its great power and little harm. And a humble husband won't try his best unless there is a disaster. Therefore, it is foolish to say that the order to catch locusts must be strict before it can be supervised. It is better for the Gai Yi family to cry all the way than to cry all the way, which shows that good officials in ancient times would not enter their territory. I have something to catch up with today. I'm really sorry. If you can't catch it, your conscience will be gone, although severe punishment is not too much.

Sailing on rivers is most afraid of encountering strong winds. When it is windy in winter, the wind will gradually increase from small to large, so rowers can prepare in advance; However, midsummer winds often break out in an instant, which often makes boatmen unprepared and encounter disasters. It is said that businessmen in water towns have navigation methods that can avoid this kind of disaster.

Generally speaking, it is windy in summer afternoon, and people who want to travel get up at five o'clock. If the weather is clear, the stars and the moon are clearly visible, and the world is cloudless, you can drive safely and safely and stop at noon. In this way, we can avoid a storm. Li Yuangui of imperial academy said: "I have swam across the river like this, and I have never encountered a storm disaster in my life."