How to plant zucchini in winter?

Zucchini is an annual creeping herb of Cucurbitaceae, which can be used as meat, vegetables and stuffing. It is favored by consumers and has high planting value. Planting zucchini in winter can not only make up for the market demand, but also bring better economic benefits to farmers. So, how to plant zucchini in winter?

First, the choice of sowing time and variety

The suitable sowing date of one-year-old zucchini is1after October 20th, 10. Early sowing is prone to virus disease and silver leaf disease, which will affect the yield and cause economic losses. Varieties can be selected from Farari, Dongyu, Caesar, South Australia King, etc.

Second, seedling management

You can choose a nutrition bowl or a nutrition block to raise seedlings. In the process of seedling raising, it is necessary to avoid that the distance between seedlings is too small and too close, which will lead to the elongation of hypocotyl and the formation of tall seedlings, which will easily lead to rotten seedlings in the later stage. For the preparation of nutrient soil, 7 parts of field soil and 3 parts of fully decomposed farmyard manure can be evenly mixed and sieved, and carbendazim or (chlorothalonil) 100g and abamectin 60-80g can be added to each cubic meter, then evenly stirred, sealed with an old film, and used after 3-5 days (it is forbidden to use broken wheat straw or rice straw as nutrient soil, otherwise root rot will easily occur). Before sowing, put the packed nutrient bowls evenly in the flat bed, or spread the nutrient soil in the flat bed, fill it with water, and sow after water infiltration. When sowing, put the dried seeds flat in the hole or in the middle of the grid. The seeds are covered with medicinal soil above 1cm, covered with plastic film after sowing, and then covered with straw or straw to keep the soil moisture.

Third, post-broadcast management.

When the seeds show signs of 30% arching, immediately remove the plastic film, set up an arch and cover it with a 60-mesh insect-proof net; After the seedlings come out, you can use Shantui 007 (or nail cream? F) adding agricultural streptomycin, spraying seedlings (spraying through the net), adding gypsophila paniculata and abamectin after 5-7 days, and spraying again to prevent damping off, damping off and whitefly; Temperature management: the temperature can reach 20-30 degrees before emergence, 20-22 degrees during the day and 8- 10 degrees at night after emergence; Water management, in the case of low water irrigation, generally do not water at seedling stage, if drought, you can spray once every other net; It can be planted when the seedlings grow to a single leaf or the true Ye Gang is exposed, which takes about 15-20 days. Spraying virus virus (or other drugs for virus treatment) once before planting, and adding biological anti-immune agents and abamectin to prevent and control virus diseases, aphids and whiteflies. During the whole seedling raising period, the seedlings should be prevented from being watered by rain and exposed to the hot sun.

Fourth, the management of colonization and post-colonization.

1. Preparation before planting: before planting, tie the shed firmly (if there is a hole in the film, paste it), pull out the weeds and previous crops in the shed, and then fumigate the whole shed with the medicine for fumigating aphids and whiteflies to completely kill whiteflies and aphids. Adopt the latest method of "ridging in the border and covering with full film". The east-west distance in the shed is 180 cm, and the north-south line is drawn. A high ridge with a width of 50 cm and a ridge height of about 15-20 cm was formed along the line, and a flat edge was formed as the surgical boundary. Two small ridges should be built in the operation ridge, the height of which should be slightly lower than that of the operation ridge, so that the furrow between the two small ridges is slightly wider.

2. Planting: Planting density. Large line 100 cm, small line 80 cm, plant spacing 70-80 cm; Angular holes are arranged at the top of the small ridge at intervals of 70-80 cm; Apply carbendazim (or chlorothalonil)+drugs (such as Regan) to control underground pests such as nematodes and mole crickets in the cave, mix them with the cave soil, and then release the seedlings. The depth of soil covering is flush with the seedling pile and ridge top; When planting, large and small seedlings must be graded, and weak seedlings should be eliminated; After planting in the whole shed, pour enough planting water, and be careful not to flood the seedlings. Submerged seedlings are not easy to take root or die.

3. Post-planting management: The key point is to prevent the occurrence of virus diseases, and the following measures should be taken: watering in time and controlling the temperature. The main conditions of viral diseases are high temperature and drought. When the temperature is high, increase the ventilation as much as possible to minimize the temperature. When the temperature can't drop, be sure to ensure the humidity, thoroughly water the planted water, and then water it when it is dry. If there is overgrowth, control it with drugs in time, and never control the seedlings by controlling water. When the temperature is low, properly control the amount of water. Guard against aphids and whiteflies. Viral diseases are mainly transmitted by aphids and whiteflies, so we must prevent them. Requirements: A 60-mesh insect-proof net must be set in front of the shed, and yellow boards should be hung in the shed. Once whiteflies and aphids are found, they should be sprayed or smoked in time to eliminate them; Drug prevention. Spraying drugs for preventing and treating virus diseases every 7- 10 days after planting, such as virus A, Duke, Bingzhiling, ningnanmycin, etc. Once the virus tree is found, it should be pulled out immediately and sprayed throughout the shed. Nongganyuan and Yingtian 2 have certain effects on preventing virus diseases and controlling plant growth, and can be sprayed frequently.

Five, after planting to root melon before sitting management

The key point of management from planting to permanent planting is to squat seedlings at low temperature to promote roots, so that Mr. Miao can root, then raise seedlings and then bear melons, thus setting up a high-yield shelf.

1. Temperature management: the temperature shall not exceed 25 during the day and 10 at night. Carry out temperature control management to prevent seedlings from growing white, and try not to use drugs to control seedlings. Ventilation mode: On sunny mornings, when the shed temperature rises to 15, a small air outlet is opened for the first time, and when the shed temperature rises to 22, a large air outlet is opened for the second time. Make sure to open the tuyere twice a day and close the tuyere twice. If it is lower than 15 on cloudy days, close the tuyere when the temperature drops 14- 15 after 2-3 hours at noon.

2. Water and fertilizer management: when planting, fully irrigate the planting water. In case of cold weather, irrigate the planting water 5-7 days after planting the roots. Try not to water the roots and melons before planting. After the root melon is planted, it is irrigated with half ditch water, and 20 kg of AAA strong element and high-quality potassium nitrate 10 kg are applied to each mu of water. After slow sowing, when the soil is wet and dry, hoe the soil, readjust the ridge surface and cover the whole film. If the soil is dry after film mulching, a small amount of water can be poured under the film until the melons grow out.

3. Plant regulation: the seedlings are weak and irregular, and the leaves are dark black or yellow, which is mainly related to the incomplete irrigation of planting water or the burning of roots and seedlings by medicine and fertilizer, which can be handled according to the situation. Spraying 500-700 plants with 2-3g of Guoguang Paclobutrazol or 25-30g of Wang Aifeng at noon on sunny days can prevent Wang Miao, Huangyehe from overgrowth. When it is a little longer, you can often spray Nongganyuan or Yingtian 2. In the sunny morning, when young melons appear on the plants, all the branches and male flowers on the plants should be removed immediately. In the afternoon, it is necessary to spray chlorothalonil+agricultural streptomycin comprehensively to prevent diseases such as tree death caused by wound infection.

4. Pest control: timely control aphids and whiteflies, spray medicine every 5-7 days to control virus diseases, and control angular spot on cloudy and sunny days.

Six, fruit festival to before the Spring Festival management

1. Temperature management: the maximum temperature during the day shall not exceed 25, and the maximum temperature at night shall not exceed 12 (before mowing in the morning). Requirements: In the sunny morning (one hour after weeding or when the greenhouse temperature rises to 15), open a small air outlet with a width of 5 cm for the first time, and then open the air outlet for the second time when the greenhouse temperature rises to 22-23. The temperature at 25 noon can last 1-2 hours, but it cannot exceed 25. In the afternoon, when the temperature drops to 20℃, turn down the tuyere; when the temperature drops to 14- 15, turn off the tuyere and put the grass in. Be sure to open the tuyere twice a day and close it twice. Even if the temperature is lower than 15 on cloudy days, the outdoor air should be kept at noon for 1-2 hours.

2. Fertilizer and water management: humic acid fertilizer or biological fertilizer with high potassium fertilizer (such as AAA strong element+Wentong potassium, etc.) is used after melon planting, and foliar fertilizer (such as Baolifeng No.2, Aoyou, Nongganyuan, Yingtian No.2, etc. ) is often sprayed. Attention when watering: water properly and don't drown the stem base of the plant. Water in the morning on sunny days, not on cloudy days or in the afternoon, and ventilate in time after watering.

3. Plant regulation: The branches and male flowers on the plant should not be removed prematurely before the melon is planted. When young melons appear, rake them when they are about to be wiped. Raking should be done in sunny morning. After harrowing, chlorothalonil (Dyclonine) and streptomycin should be sprayed in time to prevent dead trees and rotten seedlings. If the plants grow normally after planting melons, each plant can carry three melons at the same time, one large (about 6 Liang), one medium (about 3-4 Liang) and one small (freshly painted melon). Don't pick the big melon below, don't wipe the young melon above, and remove the young melon so that the distance between the node of the melon to be picked and the growing point on the stem is about 15 cm, which is lower than 65438 cm.

When the plants grow vigorously, it is necessary to control the low temperature, keep more melons, keep big melons and drop seedlings. It is suggested to use paclobutrazol 2-3g or Wang Aifeng 25-30g, 1-2 times /600 melon seedlings, before and after application. If the seedlings are weak, when pointed melons, yellow-headed melons and black-headed melons appear, they should be pulled out as soon as possible, with little or no wiping. It is necessary to apply rooting agents such as Ian Bi and Kangstubble Ning, and apply foliar fertilizer, and then bring melons after the growth of melon seedlings returns to normal.

4. Pest control: If virus trees are found in the shed, they should all be pulled out, otherwise it will easily infect healthy plants when wiping melons, causing greater losses. At the same time, spray antiviral agents to prevent other plants from being infected.

Seven, after the Spring Festival (early March to the end of April) management.

1. temperature management: zucchini is a low-temperature crop, and it is controlled at 20-23 during the day, with the maximum not exceeding 25. With the gradual increase of temperature, the ventilation will increase. At night, the temperature stays at 8- 10, and the maximum temperature does not exceed 15. Note: if the leaves and stems grow fast and don't grow heads, the temperature at night should be reduced as much as possible, and the temperature should be kept at 6-8 for 5-6 consecutive days before weeding in the morning; Where the growing point grows fast and the petiole is normal, the temperature should be kept at 10- 12 at night, and more melons can be brought; The petiole is long, the leaves are big and yellow, the jointing of plants is long, and when there is overgrowth, PBO, Yingtian No.2, Nongganyuan, etc. It can be used to control light properly, and be careful not to control seedlings excessively at one time. In the afternoon, when the temperature in the shed reaches 13- 14, the air outlet will be closed, or when the grass is released.

2. Fertilizer and water management: At present, the main fertilizer for root culture and melon attack is humic acid+potassium nitrate. In view of the low fertility and weak growth of zucchini here, the recommended fertilization amount is: 4 bags of AAA Zhuangsu (or 2 bags of root swelling activin or 2 barrels of Haizhuangyuan) and 30 kg of Haifa potassium salt or potassium salt. Dan Chong potassium nitrate can be used in the late growth stage; Master watering once every 10- 12 days, and pay attention to watering with small water frequently. It is best to finish watering before 10 in the morning, and don't water it on cloudy days or in the afternoon. After watering, keep fresh air to prevent moisture in time.

3. Plant adjustment: If the growing point is weak, the upper leaves are small and the stems are thin, the seedlings should be thinned in time according to the growth of the seedlings. Generally, each tree leaves 1-2 melons with good embryos, and all the remaining melons are removed, even some plants are not left. After the plant returns to normal, normal management should be carried out, and foliar fertilizer containing high nitrogen and potassium should be sprayed more (if it is planted late or the plant is normal, 2-3 melons (one big, one medium and one small) should be taken for each plant, and the opposite melons should not be left. You can leave more melons after April; If you have hormone poisoning, you can't wipe the melon, remove all the melon buttons, and bring the melon after 10- 15 days.

4. Disease control: dead seedlings rot trees, too many melons in the previous stage, or poor soil quality, resulting in serious dead trees. Suggestion: irrigate the roots with chitin 963 (or rooting power)+kresoxim-methyl+mebendazole every 7- 10 days, or spray the rods with drugs such as Dubang Shengsheng+Kexide, remove the nozzle and let the drugs flow to the roots along the rods. Attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of viral diseases after the end of March, and aphids and whiteflies are not allowed to appear in the shed at any time.

Conclusion Planting zucchini in winter is of great significance to improve economic benefits.