Global warming has aggravated the terrible monsoon in Arizona.

In Tucson, Arizona, a monsoon like this may be attributed to climate warming. (? John D Sirlin/Shutterstock The summer in Arizona and the whole southwest are monsoon seasons, which means that with the change of climate, there will be thunderstorms, flash floods, dramatic dust clouds and spectacular lightning in the desert every afternoon.

A new study shows that although the average daily rainfall in parts of Arizona has decreased, the monsoon rainfall in the state is becoming more intense. More and more extreme storms threaten more serious floods and huge sandstorms called Habus. Every summer, "kdspe" and "kdsps" are water vapor in the lower troposphere-the monsoon that enters the southwest from the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of California. Almost every day in midsummer, the sun heats mountains and deserts to form convection. Rising warm air causes thunderstorm clouds to form during the day and then explode into violent electrical storms in the afternoon and evening.

But today's monsoon is different from the one that travelers drove by on the route 66 60 years ago.

Monsoon rainfall has brought some drought relief to the southwest. In May, the southwest entered the "dry climate state" and waited anxiously for the summer rain "KDSP" and "KDSP". During the monsoon, precipitation occurs in more extreme events, "said Christopher Castro, co-author of the study and associate professor of hydrology and atmospheric science at the University of Arizona in Tucson. We found that the water vapor in the atmosphere increased, especially downwind of the mountains. As these storms grow and organize, they are bigger and stronger than before.

With the change of climate, extreme weather, including more intense rain, snow and floods, becomes more and more frequent, because warmer air in the lower atmosphere can keep more water. Since the 1950s, extreme events have increased in every region of the United States. This summer, southern Arizona experienced the hottest June and the wettest July on record. In June this year, Tucson recorded the first three-digit daily average temperature. According to the data of the National Meteorological Administration, in the days after the three-digit high fever in July, monsoon humidity brought heavy rainfall and flash floods, breaking the daily rainfall record within one hour on July 15.

Castro said that the weather in Arizona this summer is part of an increasingly strong monsoon pattern that has been formed for decades.

The new study was published in the Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. Castro's research team used more detailed and local precipitation information than the meteorological data standard, and compared the monsoon precipitation in the whole southwest region from 1950 to 1970 and19/kloc-0 to 20 10. The research team found that the rainfall intensity in Phoenix and many low desert areas in the state was greater. Although the average daily rainfall in most parts of Arizona has decreased by 30%,

Storms in southern and southwestern Arizona last longer, with more rainfall and downwind, forming larger huts. Castro said that compared with the middle of the 20th century, in the following decades,

This most notorious Habu family swept through Phoenix like a sand tsunami in July, 20 1 1, which is beyond the scope of research.

This happens when the total amount of monsoon precipitation decreases. "This is not good news," said Richard Seger, a professor at the lamont Dougherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University who had nothing to do with the study. Heavy precipitation events increase flood risk and soil erosion. However, this happens at the same time, and the ecosystem, including pasture, will face the pressure of decreasing available water all summer.

Siegel said that this is an example of how global warming can change the hydrology of a region to emphasize people, communities and ecosystems. David Guzzler, a climatologist at the University of New Mexico, had nothing to do with the study. Gutzler said that research shows that climate change is causing more intense storms-which is exactly what scientists want to see when the atmosphere warms.

"It is very difficult to use standard meteorological data to determine the change of extreme events, because standard meteorological data cannot reliably capture the strongest rainfall." This study uses a high-resolution model that did not exist ten years ago to study the simulated rainfall intensity in southwest China. A detailed study of "KDSP" and "KDSP" should help the authorities in the whole southwest make more flood plans. He said:

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Originally published in the Climate Center.