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Questions and Answers on Safety Knowledge of Self-care and Self-help for Primary and Secondary School Students

Self-care and self-help in case of natural disasters

Natural disasters refer to disasters caused by natural phenomena such as floods, earthquakes and typhoons. With the current scientific and technological level and ability of mankind, people can't stop the occurrence of natural disasters, nor can they completely resist their destruction. However, according to the laws and characteristics of natural disasters, we can take active and effective measures to minimize losses.

How to protect yourself when an earthquake happens?

Strong earthquakes often cause houses to collapse, dams to burst and the earth to crack, which brings losses to people's lives and property. In order to protect ourselves in the earthquake. You should master the following emergency survival methods.

1. If there is a sudden earthquake in the bungalow, you should quickly get under the bed and table and cover your head with bedding, pillows, washbasins, etc. Then leave the house as soon as possible after the earthquake and move to a safe place. If the house collapses in the earthquake, you should stay under the bed or table and never move. Wait until the earthquake stops before going in or out or waiting for rescue.

If you live in a building and there is an earthquake, don't try to run out of the building, because time is too late. The safest and most effective way is to hide in the smallest room between two load-bearing walls in time, such as bathroom and kitchen. You can also hide under tables, cabinets and other furniture and in the corner of the room, paying attention to protecting your head. Never hide under the balcony or window.

If there is an earthquake in the classroom, don't panic, let alone run around in the classroom or fight to get out. Students near the door can run outside quickly, and students in the middle and back rows can hide under the desks as soon as possible and cover their heads with schoolbags; Students who lean against the wall should stick to the root of the wall and cover their heads with their hands.

If you have left the room, don't go back to the house to get things immediately after the earthquake stops. Because after the first earthquake, there will be aftershocks, which pose a greater threat to people.

If there is an earthquake in public, don't panic and run around. You can improvise and hide in a safe place nearby, such as under the desk, cabinet, stage and orchestra pit.

If you are in the street, don't run into the building to avoid danger. Don't stay in dangerous places such as tall buildings, billboards, narrow hutongs and bridges.

7. If it is buried in a building after the earthquake, we must first find a way to take out the object that is pressed above the abdomen; Cover your nose and mouth with towels and clothes to prevent smoke from choking; We should conserve our physical strength, try to find food and water, create living conditions and wait for help.

Were there any signs before the earthquake came?

At present, earthquake disasters cannot be accurately predicted. However, long-term observation and research show that there will be some signs before the earthquake, which can remind people to be vigilant. These signs mainly include:

1. Animals are abnormal: for example, a large number of snakes climb out of holes for long-distance migration; Poultry and livestock do not eat, drink, bark or enter the nest; During the day, a large number of mice come out of the hole, not afraid to catch up; The animals in the zoo are depressed and can't afford to wait.

2. Groundwater anomalies, such as sudden water in dry wells in earthquake areas, sudden rise or sharp drop of water level in well water, and change from bitter to sweet and from sweet to bitter.

3. Ground light and ground sound appear: In a short time before the earthquake, the earth often suddenly emits colored or strong ground light, or it may emit a loud noise like a train passing by or thunder.

4. Some people also have abnormal emotions: before the earthquake, some people also had abnormal emotions, especially the elderly, children and patients.

How to reduce the harm of tropical storms?

Tropical storms often occur in coastal areas. Tropical storms cause strong winds, heavy rains and huge waves, which have great destructive power to coastal urban facilities, ships at sea and agricultural production in coastal areas. How to reduce the harm of tropical storms to people themselves?

1. Pay attention to the weather forecast and make preparations for prevention.

2. The parts of the house that need to be reinforced should be reinforced in time, and the doors and windows should be closed.

3. Prepare food, drinking water, lighting, rain gear and necessary medicines to prevent accidents.

4. Dredge the drainage facilities and keep them unobstructed.

When the tropical storm comes, try to stay indoors and reduce going out.

6. In case of strong wind and lightning, pay attention to the use of electrical appliances to prevent electric shock.

7. Pay close attention to the surrounding environment, in case of floods, landslides and other situations that endanger the safety of houses, transfer them in time.

8. After the storm, we should pay attention to health and epidemic prevention to reduce the spread of diseases.

How to avoid a tornado?

Tornado is a very powerful cyclone, which usually occurs in spring. Tornadoes often come very quickly and suddenly, accompanied by loud noise. It is extremely destructive and can drag sand, trees, crops, even fish in the sea and goods in warehouses to the sky, posing a great threat to people's lives and property. How to effectively protect yourself when a tornado strikes?

1. When a tornado strikes, open the doors and windows to balance the indoor and outdoor air pressure to prevent the wind from blowing off the roof and knocking down the walls.

2. indoors, people should protect their heads and squat down facing the wall.

3. When encountering a tornado in the wild, you should quickly move in the opposite direction or sideways to avoid it.

When the tornado has reached your eyes, you should find low-lying terrain to get down, close your mouth and eyes, and protect your head with your hands and arms to prevent being hit by flying objects.

5. If you encounter a tornado while driving, get off and avoid it, and don't stay in the car.

How to save yourself when the flood breaks out?

In a short period of time, the continuous rainstorm in an area will cause the river to rise violently, overflow dams, flood farmland and villages, and destroy roads, bridges and houses. This is a flood disaster. How should we save ourselves when the flood comes?

Under the threat of flood, if there is enough time, it should be transferred to hillside, highland and other places in an organized way according to the predetermined route; In the case of being caught off guard and surrounded by floods, we should use boats, rafts, door panels, wooden beds, etc. Let the water transfer as much as possible.

2. When the flood comes too fast to move, you should immediately climb the roof, tall buildings, big trees and high walls, take temporary shelter and wait for rescue. Don't swim alone.

In the mountainous area, if it rains continuously, it is easy to have flash floods. In this case, we should pay attention to avoid crossing the river and being washed away by mountain torrents, and also pay attention to preventing landslides, rolling stones and mudslides.

4. It is found that the high-voltage tower is toppled, and the wires are drooping or broken; Stay away from danger, don't touch or get close to it to prevent electric shock.

5. After the flood, you should take medicine to prevent epidemic, do a good job in health and epidemic prevention, and avoid infectious diseases.

How to protect yourself from snowstorms and hail?

Blizzard and hail are common. Although they may not cause disasters, we should also pay attention to protecting ourselves:

The length of blizzard days, pay attention to add clothes to keep warm; We should reduce outdoor activities and avoid frostbite.

2. When it hails, you should avoid being indoors; If you are outdoors, use rain gear or other substitutes to protect your head and move it indoors as soon as possible to avoid injury.

How to avoid being struck by lightning when going out?

Lightning is a common natural phenomenon, which is essentially a spark discharge in thunderstorm clouds in the sky. The light produced during discharge is lightning, and the loud noise produced by lightning makes the air expand rapidly when heated, which is thunder. Thunderstorms are prone to lightning strikes, causing injuries and even deaths. In order to avoid lightning strikes, you should do the following:

1. If you encounter a thunderstorm when you go out, you should avoid it in time and don't stay in the open field.

2. If there is nowhere to hide in the open field when there is lightning, you should try to find a low-lying place (such as a pit) to hide, or squat down immediately, put your feet together, put your arms around your knees, bend your head down, and try to reduce the height of your body. If there are conductive objects (such as shovels, metal umbrellas, etc.) in your hand, throw them away quickly. Never run in the wild with these objects, or you will become the target of lightning strike.

3. Pay special attention not to stand under towering objects (such as flagpoles, trees, chimneys, telephone poles, etc.) when encountering lightning; These places are the most vulnerable to lightning strikes.