Cultivation techniques of camphor tree

The depth, length and width of the planting pit should reach 50 ~ 60 cm. Planting depth should be equal to the root diameter of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings. When planting, the mulch soil should be closely connected with the hole soil, and the hanging space will be formed if the soil is not tight. Whether planting camphor trees on cloudy days or sunny days, you should water them thoroughly in time. In dry and exposed weather, it should be irrigated once every 7 days or so. 3 ~ 4 times in a row.

1 whole pruning of bare-rooted camphor tree seedlings

Before planting, the root system should be sorted out, and the main roots such as broken roots, withered roots, rotten roots and short roots without fine roots should be cut off, and the crown should also be trimmed. Generally, 1/3 ~ 1/2 of all branches and leaves should be cut off to greatly reduce the transpiration area of the crown.

Pruning Cinnamomum camphora seedlings with soil balls

Seedlings with soil balls need not be pruned at the roots, but only at the crown. When pruning, the branches and leaves of the crown 1/3 ~ 1/2 can be cut off to greatly reduce the water loss of the whole tree, but the basic tree shape should be maintained to speed up the landscaping and achieve the greening effect as soon as possible.

Cinnamomum camphora has many short branches and strong continuous fruiting ability. As long as the tree is in a normal state, it will bloom in large numbers every year. However, if the amount of flowers is too large, the load is too heavy, and there is excess nutrition in the tree, it will also show the consequences of the years. Therefore, it is necessary to remove excess flowers and fruits in time. However, Cinnamomum camphora has a short flowering period and a small female organ. Therefore, in terms of consumption, it is not the flowers that have become thinner, but the fruits that have become thinner. But Cinnamomum camphora is tall, and it is difficult to dilute flowers and fruits. So some places try to dilute flowers and fruits with chemicals.

Special technical treatment: in the process of transplanting, in order to keep the humidity of camphor tree trunk and reduce the transpiration of bark water, the trunk should be wrapped with soaked straw rope until it reaches the top of the trunk, and if the branch is large, it should be wrapped. Then, the prepared clay mud is thickly covered on the trunk wrapped with straw rope. In the future, you can often spray water on the trunk with a sprayer to keep it moist. After the big camphor tree is dug out, it is necessary to trim the broken roots, broken roots and dead roots, and then soak the roots with clay mud after cutting; If 0.03% sodium acetate auxin is added to the mud, it can promote the growth of new roots of Cinnamomum camphora after transplanting. Because camphor trees are planted out of season, it is necessary to strengthen maintenance and management after planting camphor trees. Pay attention to watering at ordinary times, and master the principle of "don't dry it, water it thoroughly"; It is also necessary to spray clean water on the ground and camphor leaves regularly to increase air humidity and reduce plant transpiration.

First, the choice of nursery land

Choose a clean and open area with flat terrain, leeward and sunny, good drainage, sufficient water and low groundwater level as nursery land. Generally speaking, a gentle slope of 2 ~ 5 degrees is better. Deep ditches must be dug in the flat ground to drain water and reduce groundwater. The soil should be sandy loam or loam with deep soil layer and rich organic matter. Before freezing in early winter, the first ploughing should be carried out to accelerate ripening, and the ploughing should not be too deep to control the overgrowth of main roots and promote the growth of lateral roots. Apply sufficient base fertilizer, usually farmyard manure, before sowing.

Second, the collection and storage of seeds.

1 1 In the middle and late June, when the Cinnamomum camphora berries are purple-black, the fruits are harvested from the mother trees that are robust and free from pests and diseases. Recovered berries should be treated in time to prevent deterioration. That is, put the fruit in a container or pile it up and add water to soften the pulp. Wash it with clear water and take out the seeds. Scatter the seeds thinly in a cool and ventilated place to dry, and then carefully select them, so that the purity of the seeds can reach over 95%.

Third, sow.

Cinnamomum camphora can be sown in autumn or spring, and spring sowing is better. Autumn sowing can be sowed with sowing, before the soil freezes in late autumn. Spring sowing should be carried out after the soil thaws in early spring. Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in 0. 1% bromogeramine solution for 3-4 hours for sterilization and disinfection. The seeds can germinate 10 ~ 15 days in advance by accelerating germination with warm water of 50 degrees, keeping the water temperature and soaking the seeds for 3-4 times repeatedly. Camphor trees can be drilled at a spacing of 25-30cm, with a trench depth of about 2cm and a width of 5-6cm. Sow 40-50 seeds per meter in furrow, and the sowing amount per mu is about 15kg.

Fourth, tending management, seedling management: after the seedlings are unearthed, remove the plastic film in time to avoid yellowing of the seedlings. When the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, carry out thinning. To achieve early seedling spacing, staged seedling spacing, timely seedling spacing, seedling spacing of about 7 cm. Intermittent strong seedlings should be planted separately to save seeds and improve the emergence rate. Pay attention to shading and water conservation after planting to ensure survival. Timely transplanting: the annual Cinnamomum camphora seedlings are about 60 cm high, the root diameter is about 0.8 cm, and the seedling yield is about 25,000 plants per mu. Except for afforestation, the annual camphor tree seedlings can not meet the standard of urban greening seedlings, and must be cultivated for 3 ~ 6 years after transplantation. Shading: In high temperature season, the water evaporation of trees is relatively large. Excessive water loss will seriously affect the survival rate and growth potential of trees before the root system fully recovers its function. Shading is beneficial to reduce the temperature of trees and the surface, reduce the water loss of trees, improve the air humidity and improve the survival rate of trees. A shading net with shading rate of about 60-70% can be erected above the tree. At the same time, we should do a good job of covering the roots of trees with straw and other relatively ventilated covering materials to improve soil moisture.

Water: When it doesn't rain for several days, water should be prepared sooner or later. When watering, not only should the soil be thoroughly watered, but also the tree body and its wrap (such as straw rope wrapped around the trunk) should be wetted. However, in the soil with poor drainage, attention should be paid to controlling watering times to avoid root rot caused by excessive soil moisture.

Drainage: There are many natural disasters such as typhoons this season. When there is water in the nursery, it should be drained in time to avoid root rot.

Tree support: Because the roots of trees transplanted in May have not recovered their soil-fixing support ability, they are easily blown down in strong winds (such as typhoons), thus affecting the recovery of root growth, so it is necessary to do a good job in supporting trees in time. The supporting material can be bamboo pole or iron wire. However, when supporting the tree, the bark should be well protected to avoid wire damage to the bark or even embedding into the tree, which will affect the survival of the upper tree.

Hormone watering: in order to restore the tree vigor as soon as possible, some growth-promoting hormones, such as ABT rooting powder, can be properly watered in the rhizosphere to promote the rapid growth of the root system. (1) Cutting roots and promoting roots For saplings with DBH below 10 cm, just dig the earth balls and transplant them according to the routine requirements. Usually, the diameter of the soil ball is about 5-6 times that of the trunk of the transplanted tree. For large saplings with DBH above 10 cm, root cutting and root promotion should be carried out first. The specific method is: dig a ditch on the opposite sides of the trunk, and the diameter of the ditch is 2 ~ 2.5 times of the diameter of the trunk. Use a saw or a sharp axe to saw off the thick lateral roots, and the section must be uniform. Smaller lateral roots can be cut off by pruning shears, and then covered with fine soil, so that fine roots can grow near the fracture in the current year, and the two sides of unbroken roots can be repeatedly operated in the second year, and seedlings can be raised in the spring of the third year.

(2) For smaller young trees, 1 ~ 2-year-old young trees need not be cut, and 3-6-year-old young trees should be cut at 1/3. Usually, all the lower branches of the trunk should be cut off, and the upper 2/3 branches should be cut off in layers, while the larger young trees should be cut off completely. Usually, the height of the trunk of street trees is controlled at 3 ~ 3.5 meters, and the thick lateral branches are kept at 0.3 ~ 0.5 meters. After cutting, seal the section with wax or wrap it with plastic film to prevent water loss.

(3) The best time for pilling, seed dressing, seedling raising and transplanting is March. The soil ball should be 5-6 times the diameter at breast height (seedlings can be 30-40 cm) and wrapped with straw rope to ensure that the soil ball does not come loose.

(4) The diameter of the transplanting hole should be greater than 1/3 of the soil ball of Cinnamomum camphora, the depth should be the soil ball, and the roots should be flush with the ground. L after the tree is planted, fill the gap with fine soil and tamp it with a thick stick. When it is short 10 ~ 20 cm, water it, let it absorb water, and then fill in the remaining soil until the base of the trunk becomes steamed bread. Cinnamomum camphora is the most common greening tree species in South China, with majestic tree posture, bright spring leaves, the narrowest branches and leaves, and shade everywhere. It is widely used as shade trees and street trees, and can also be used to build scenic forests and shelter forests. Here is a brief introduction to the prevention and control of pests and diseases:

1. Powdery Mildew: This disease mostly occurs in nursery seedlings. When the temperature is high and humidity is high, the seedlings are too dense. It is most likely to happen in poor ventilation. Gray-brown spots appeared near the main vein on the back of tender leaves, and then spread all over the back of leaves, and a layer of white powder appeared, and there were also white powder on serious tender branches and stems. Nursery should always pay attention to environmental sanitation and properly sparse seedlings; Or if a few diseased plants are found, they should be pulled out or burned immediately. Spray once every 10 day, and spray for three or four times continuously. 2. Black spot disease: It is easy to occur when camphor tree seeds grow 1 ~ 4 leaves after germination. From the tip of the seedling to the root, it turned dark brown and died.

Disinfect seeds, soil and mulch when sowing. When the disease occurs, the burned seedlings should be pulled out first and sprayed with 0.5% potassium permanganate or formalin for two or three times to prevent the spread.

Third, the camphor sawfly: it occurs for many generations a year and has a long damage period. 1 year-old seedlings were seriously damaged and died. After afforestation, the young leaves in the upper part of the crown are often eaten up, which seriously affects the growth of trees.

The seedlings can be sprayed with 0.5 kg of Flos rhododendri mollis or tripterygium wilfordii powder and 75 ~ 100 kg of clear water, or with 2000 times of 90% trichlorfon or 50% marathon emulsion.

Four, camphor leaf roller moth: it occurs for several generations a year, and the larvae eat branches, which affects the height growth of camphor trees and causes the trunk to bend. After the new shoots of Cinnamomum camphora were taken out in March, the first generation larvae were sprayed with 90% trichlorfon, 50% Nale emulsion and 50% Marathon emulsion 10000 times, every 5 days 1 time for 2 ~ 3 times continuously, which could kill the larvae. If the larvae have eaten new buds, 40% dimethoate emulsion can also be sprayed 200 ~ 300 times. Litters can be collected in nurseries or small forests and burned in winter to eliminate overwintering pupae. Five, moths moths: generally harmful to camphor tree seedlings and young trees under 20 years old. There are two generations in a year. The damage period of the first generation larvae is from the end of May to the middle of July. The second generation larvae damage from August to September. Larvae gather in groups on the new shoots to feed on leaf buds, and spin silk to roll up the residual leaves and wrap the terminal buds, so that the new shoots die, or even the whole plant dies. When the larvae just start to move and have not formed a net nest, 90% trichlorfon can be sprayed 4000 ~ 50000 times to kill them. If the larvae have formed a net nest, it is best to plant it and burn it. 6. Anoplophora maculata: During the spawning period of adults (from early May to early June), lead wire is used to brush the spawning marks to puncture the eggs or newly hatched larvae. Manually cut off the injured branches, and then inject dichlorvos and other drugs through the drainage holes to kill the larvae. Seven, red wax scale: this insect is a secondary sucking beneficial insect of camphor tree. The nymph is pale white at first, relatively flat, and the dorsal part is convex, forming a star-shaped white material; The female adult is oval with a dark white wax shell. Female adults and nymphs inhabit the buds, branches and new leaves of Cinnamomum camphora and suck the juice of the plant. After Cinnamomum camphora was damaged, the new buds stopped sprouting, gradually shed leaves, the branches withered, and the whole Cinnamomum camphora died in the worst case. Combined with camphor winter scissors, cut off insect branches. Clear the overwintering females, and spray 1 times 10 ~ 15 times turpentine mixture or 40 ~ 50 times engine oil emulsion in summer. Remove overwintering nymphs and spray Bomei 3 ~ 5 degree sulfur mixture or 3% ~ 5% diesel oil emulsion before budding in spring. For the control of nymphs, the newly hatched nymphs can be sprayed on the soil around the roots of Cinnamomum camphora with 50% phoxim EC 100 times solution in early spring; For nymphs on camphor trees, seize the peak of incubation period (from early June to early July). It can kill 1500 times of liquid or 1500 times of omethoate at a spraying speed, and kill 1 time every 1 week for 3-4 times. Maintain natural enemies, all kinds of wasps are natural enemies of this insect. Eight, termites in sunny days after the rain. Termites nest in the soil near the root neck of injured plants. When the topsoil is dug to 5 ~ 10 cm, termites can see their activities and dig a ring ditch with a width of 20 ~ 30 cm. Then spray 5 ~ 10 g of carbofuran particles, then backfill the topsoil and bury carbofuran under the topsoil. Destroy all the mud shells made of termites on the trunk of camphor tree with tools, and let all the termites on the trunk return to the soil. If the soil is dry, water it first, and then sprinkle the medicine, so as to facilitate the rapid dispersion of the effective components of the medicine in the soil.