Knowledge about snipers

1, observation skills

Snipers need to destroy a specific target to support the tasks carried out by other troops. "Specific target" implies that a sniper needs to pay special attention to one of a group of targets. During the observation, the sniper will not fire at the first target he sees casually, but needs to see other targets before making a decision.

Snipers need to be prepared to perform other tasks besides sniper work, one of which is to monitor the enemy and its activities.

1) observation ability

A. night vision

No matter whether there is moonlight at night or how dark the environment is, people's eyes can't maintain such good eyesight during the day. Snipers must use the following methods to maximize night vision at night.

(1) dark adaptability

Eyes fully adapt to the transition from bright to dark or from dark to bright 10 minutes. At the same time, the eyes become unreliable because the pupils dilate slowly. Therefore, when snipers need to go out to perform tasks at night, it is recommended to wear red glasses before the base is dispatched to adapt their eyes to the light and dark environment.

(2) Pay no attention to vision and direct vision

Inattention refers to looking beyond the center of the eye without looking directly at a target. An object will be blurred and deformed in dim light, and it looks different from peacetime. If you squint at an object 6- 10 degrees away from the center of the eye, inattentive vision will make the object form a clearer image.

B. Factors affecting night vision

(1) Lack of vitamin A will affect night vision, but taking a large amount of vitamin A will not significantly improve night vision.

(2) Feeling cold, headache, fatigue, smoking too much, and drinking alcohol will reduce the visual ability at night.

(3) The light and dark parts of the environment are quite different.

C. Dim environment

When the light changes at dusk and dawn, the eyes will also adjust. In this case, the sniper must pay attention to his own safety. In the same way, the enemy is often accidentally exposed to snipers in this situation. The reticle in the sight will start to see clearly within one and a half hours before sunrise and disappear within one and a half hours after sunset.

D. auxiliary light

Occasionally snipers may get some artificial light to assist observation and shooting.

(1)94-P special flare

Launching with a Grenade launcher can generate 60,000 candles at an altitude of 200-250 meters, providing enough light for observation and shooting with telescopes and sights.

(2) Lights of enemy positions

(3) the fire when the enemy is at war with our army

E. Auxiliary tools

(1) telescope

(2) Low light sight

(3) Starlight night vision device

The above are commonly used auxiliary tools for snipers to observe shooting, but these auxiliary tools still have their limitations in different situations. First of all, the intensity of light is based on the design of starlight night vision device, which uses the weak light in the night sky to form an image, so it will have the best display effect in the case of moonlight, starlight and fire. When the clouds in the sky are too thick or there is no light, the effectiveness of the starlight night vision device will be greatly reduced. Secondly, the weather conditions, as long as the clouds in the sky are not too thick, no matter the environment of snow, rain, smoke and fog, will not affect the performance of the starlight night vision device. Eye fatigue, when using any optical instrument for more than 10 minutes, you must rest to maintain long-term observation ability.

2) Observation and monitoring skills

When the sniper settles down in one position, he will start to look around. The steps of observation should be planned and systematic. He has to observe the imminent danger around him first, so he will make a short observation around him, and then he will make a slow and careful observation and stay in his position. Snipers need long-term observation.

I. Brief observation

This is the fastest way to observe whether there are enemies nearby. Snipers can use a 6x50 telescope or rely on their eyes to observe. When observing, they can scan an angular range. The advantage of short observation is that if something moves within the observation range, it will be found immediately. This method is very useful for snipers to observe newly arrived positions.

B, detailed observation

If the sniper still can't find anything with a brief observation, he needs to make a detailed observation. Snipers need to use a 6x50 times telescope, so that snipers can get a wider image. In general, the nearest range is the most dangerous place for snipers, so we should start from the nearest place to observe carefully. Snipers should carefully observe the area within 180 degrees from the nearest 50 meters, and then repeat to the rear. This method can ensure the coverage of the whole area. If there is more than one sniper, we should take turns to observe and rest each other, and always keep an eye on the rear and left and right to ensure that we can find the target and protect our own safety.

Sniper basic course (b)

If you can fully understand the above observation skills, you can let the enemy find the enemy before you find him and strike him as quickly as possible.

2. Shooting moving targets

You and your observer have been waiting in the same place for many days, but you are unfortunate. You're going to pack up and leave this place. Your observer sees a person moving towards the river bed, the distance is about 575-600 meters, and you are sure that he will pass at your 45-degree position. You use these data to calculate and aim at the target immediately, and prepare to fire. Observers always provide you with relevant data. It is not easy to lead and shoot a moving target, just like passing a ball in a ball game. If you pass the ball directly to a runner, he won't catch it, because he has left his position before the ball reaches his position. The same is true for shooting moving targets. If you shoot directly at the moving target, the bullet will only fall on his back.

1) leads a moving target.

Moving targets are the hardest to shoot. When aiming, the sniper needs to aim at the position in front of the target to allow a little time for the bullet to fly. The following is the amount of lead required for a standard sniper bullet with a caliber of 7.62 mm and an initial velocity of 840 m/s to aim at moving targets at different distances:

Walking and running distance (m)

100 The edge of the body is half of the body position.

200 bust 1 body position

300 1 position 2 position

400 1 bust and 3 body postures

500 2-bit and 4-bit

600 2 busts and 5 busts

700 3 positions, 6 positions

800 3 busts and 7 busts

2) Overall goal leadership

When the target crosses the sniper's line of sight at 90 degrees, the sniper can shoot with reference to the above data.

3) Semi-objective leadership

When the target crosses the sniper's line of sight at 45 degrees, the sniper can use half of the above data as a standard.

4) There is no goal of leadership

When the target is facing the sniper or facing away from the sniper, the sniper does not need to guide the target, but only needs to calculate other factors to aim and shoot.

5) Site cleaning

Don't forget to collect all the fired shells at any time and take away the classification of the wind:

Because snipers need to know how much the wind affects bullets, the best way for snipers to know how to classify the wind is to use the hour method. This method takes the sniper as the center and the target is in the front 12. There are three kinds of wind: full speed wind, half speed wind and zero speed wind. Full speed wind means that the wind completely affects the flight stability of bullets. These winds come from 2, 3, 4 o'clock and 8, 9, 10 o'clock, but the wind from 1, 5, 7, 1 1 has a half effect on the bullet. These are called half-speed wind, and zero-speed wind means what the name implies.

Wind speed:

Before adjusting for the influence of wind, the sniper must consider the wind direction and speed, which can use some indicators as measuring tools, such as flags, smoke, trees, grass, raindrops and his own feelings. The most common method is to use flags. The sniper estimates the angle formed by the flag and flagpole blown by the wind, and then divides this angle by a constant of 4 and multiplies it by 1.6, and the answer is the approximate wind speed. For example, the bottom of the flag forms an angle of 60 degrees with the flagpole, and the wind speed is about 60/4x1.6 = 24km/h. 。

If there is no flag to observe, the sniper can let go of a piece of paper, grass, cotton or other light things, then point his finger at the landing point of the object, and divide the angle between his arm and his figure by 4 times 1.6, and the answer will be more accurate.

Convert wind speed into angles.

1 minute angle = 1/60 degrees, which is also equal to 1/20 of the oscilloscope scale, with a deviation of about 20mm per/100x. The sniper uses minute angles to adjust the aiming angle. When he knows the wind speed and the wind backward, he will immediately convert these data into minutes. The equation is: range (m)/.

———————————— = = Angle.

Constant:

Constants of different distances refer to the following data:

100-500m constant = 15

600 m constant = 14

700-800 m constant = 13

900m constant = 12

1000m constant = 1 1

For example, the target is 700 meters, the wind speed 10 km/h, and the minute angle: (700/100) x/kloc-0 ——————— = = 5.3. I think you need to know something about MOA.

There are 2 1600 points. On the circumferential edge with a radius of 100 yards, a corner covers a length of 1.047 inches. ( 100

X 2 x pi = 628.32 yards (226 19 inches), and 22619/21600 =1.047) are also MOA. General.

One inch from one hundred yards is a fear of birds, and two inches from two hundred yards.

1 yard = 3 feet = 36 inches ≈ 0.9 14 meter.

1 inch = = 25.4 mm

When PSG 1 is tested at the factory, each gun must keep a distance of 300 meters and fire continuously, and 50 bullets are 8 cm.

Within (equivalent to 1 MOA).

Gragunov 2MOA is almost there, that's all.