What are the principles of walnut garden planning and design and the contents of garden site investigation?

After selecting the walnut orchard, it is necessary to carry out specific planning and design. Landscape planning and design is a comprehensive work. Suitable cultivation conditions should be selected according to the growth and development characteristics of walnuts in order to meet the requirements of normal growth and development of walnuts. For those areas with poor conditions, we should fully study the characteristics of local soil, fertilizer, water and climate, take corresponding measures to improve the environment, and gradually solve and improve it in the design process.

The planning and design principles include: ① According to the principles of garden construction, management direction and requirements, and considering the local natural conditions, material conditions and technical conditions comprehensively, make overall planning. ② Select improved varieties according to local conditions, and determine variety configuration and planting methods according to variety characteristics. Excellent varieties should have high yield, high quality and strong resistance. (3) It is beneficial to mechanized management and operation. The transportation, irrigation and drainage, planting and fertilization of walnut orchard must be conducive to the implementation of mechanized management. (4) Design irrigation and drainage system to achieve the purpose of irrigation in drought and drainage in waterlogging. ⑤ Pay attention to the improvement of soil in walnut orchard before planting, so as to lay a foundation for the good growth and development of walnut. ⑥ In planning and design, residential areas, roads, forests, drainage and irrigation should be coordinated to save land and make the coverage rate of walnut trees not less than 85%. ⑦ Rational intercropping, garden cultivation and sustainable development. In the early stage of building the garden, we should make full use of the benefits of fruit grain, fruit medicine and fruit intercropping to achieve short-term growth and early benefits.

Before planning, the basic situation of the park site must be investigated in detail to provide a basis for the planning and design of the park and prevent production losses caused by unreasonable planning and design. Participants in the survey should be technicians and agricultural economic managers engaged in fruit tree cultivation, plant protection, meteorology, soil, water conservancy and surveying and mapping. The survey includes the following aspects: ① Social situation. Including population, land resources, economic situation, labor situation, technical strength, degree of mechanization, transportation energy, management system, market sales, price comparison of dried fruits and vegetables, agricultural division of labor, whether there are pollution sources, etc. ② Fruit tree production. Cultivation history of local fruit trees and walnuts, main tree species and varieties, total orchard area and total output. The rise and fall of fruit trees in history and its causes. Yield per unit area of various fruit trees and walnuts. Management level and main pests and diseases. ③ Climatic conditions. Including annual average temperature, extreme maximum and minimum temperature, accumulated temperature in growing period, frost-free period, annual precipitation, etc. With the change of climate all year round, we should pay special attention to the disastrous weather that is harmful to walnuts, such as freezing injury, late frost, hail disaster and waterlogging disaster. ④ Soil investigation. It should include soil thickness, soil texture, pH value, organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, as well as previous tree species or crops in the park. ⑤ Water conservancy conditions. Including water sources and water conservancy facilities.