What should I do if my Brazilian turtle is poisoned by water Swelling all over the body

First, disinfect the turtle pond with lime and replace it with fresh water. Treated with antibiotics such as chlortetracycline, chloramphenicol or oxytetracycline, and injected into the root of hind limbs according to the weight of 6.5438+0.5 million international units per kilogram of soft-shelled turtle. If the curative effect is not good, you can reuse the original drug or use other antibiotics. It can also be fed with sulfanilamide mixed human feed, with 0.2 g sulfanilamide per kilogram of turtle weight on the first day and half of it on the second day for 6 consecutive days. (Take a good exam and screen yourself before taking medicine)

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Careful medication:

Ivermectin: It has been proved to be fatal to all turtles. Do not try to use any preparation containing ivermectin to repel insects.

Piperazine (also known as piperazine, piperazine, hexahydropyrazine, triamcinolone acetonide) and levamisole should be used with caution for soft-shelled turtles.

Basic nursing care of sick turtles;

1. Isolation: Avoid cross-infection among turtles.

2. Higher room temperature: at least 28-30 C. It can accelerate the distribution and metabolism of drugs and increase the body's resistance.

3. rehydration: rehydration by oral administration or injection to prevent dehydration.

4. Provide dry, moisture-free accommodation.

Classification and name (dosage/route of administration/times of administration)

I. Anti-virus

Acyclovir (Acyclovir, Sulweiliao): 80mg/kg, oral.

Two. antibacterial activity

1. Gram-positive bacteria

Ampicillin: 3-6mg/kg, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, daily 1 time.

Amoxicillin (amoxicillin): 20mg/kg orally, or 10mg/kg intramuscular injection, once a day 1 time.

Cefalexin (Cephalosporin IV): 20mg/kg, taken orally, twice a day.

Cefothiophene (cephalosporin I): 20mg/kg, intramuscular injection, used when necessary.

Cefazolin (cephalosporin V): 20mg/kg, intramuscular injection, daily 1 time.

2. Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria

Cefuroxime (Cefuroxime, Hirschlein): 100mg/kg, intramuscular injection once a day, X 10 day.

3. Gram negative bacteria

Cefotaxime (Fudaxin, Kaifuding): 20mg/kg, intramuscular injection once every three days, X 1 week.

Cefotaxime (Kefulong) 30mg/kg, intramuscular injection, daily 1 time, X 10 day.

Cefotiofur: 2-4 mg/kg, intramuscular injection, daily/kloc-0 times, lasting for X2 weeks.

4. Aerobic bacteria

Streptomycin: 10mg/kg, intramuscular injection, daily 1 time.

Tobramycin: 10mg/kg, intramuscular injection, once every two days.

Gentamicin: 10mg/kg, intramuscular injection every two days.

Kanamycin: 10mg/kg, intramuscular injection, daily 1 time.

Amikacin: 2.5mg/kg, intramuscular injection, 5 days 1 time.

5. Anaerobic bacteria

Metronidazole (metronidazole): 50mg/kg, once a day, X 1 week, or 7- 15mg/kg, once a day.

Chloramphenicol: 10-20mg/kg, intramuscular injection every 24 hours.

Three. Anti-mycoplasma, Chlamydia and Rickettsia

Doxycycline (doxycycline, doxycycline): 10mg/kg, once a day, X 10-30 days.

Oxytetracycline: 5- 10mg/kg, intramuscular injection or oral administration, 1 time per day, X 1 week.

Tetracycline: 10mg/kg, oral, once a day.

ENR(Baytril):5- 15mg/kg, intramuscular injection, 1 time per day, X 10 day.

Tylosin: 5mg/kg, intramuscular injection, daily 1 time.

Four. antifungal

Ketoconazole: 15-30mg/kg, oral, once a day, X2-4 weeks.

Amphotericin B: 1 mg/kg, diluted with normal saline, injected into body cavity every day 1 time for X2-4 weeks.

Antiparasite

1. internal parasites

1) nematodes

Mebendazole (mebendazole, Anle): 100mg/kg, orally, once every two weeks, X II.

Panacure: 50-100 mg/kg, oral, once every two weeks, X II.

Albendazole (albendazole, albendazole, enterotoxin): 50mg/kg, once orally.

Respiratory diseases:

A runny nose is a symptom of general upper respiratory tract infection, and there are several possible reasons. All turtles have the chance to have symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, but it is very common in leopard-print turtles, which can happen at any time of the year. It is difficult to find any symptoms in the initial stage of infection, and there is a chance of recurrence after certain treatment and recovery. Infected animals have a chance, or usually become carriers. They may not show any symptoms, but they have the opportunity to infect others who have come into contact with them. It may be because of the leopard turtle's size, reproductive status and usually unable to overcome the humid weather in Southeast Asia, so it is most prone to upper respiratory problems. Even individuals who have recovered are prone to relapse, especially those who think they have recovered but have not completed the whole course of treatment.

Upper respiratory tract infection is usually a large group and mixed with several different varieties. If it is not found and treated in time, it may spread rapidly. Don't underestimate the slight symptoms of runny nose, thinking that as long as the weather improves or the temperature and humidity in the incubator are slightly adjusted, the tortoise will have a chance to recover on its own. Without proper treatment, the mild symptoms of runny nose can develop into chronic or acute pneumonia, which is extremely difficult to treat. Stomatitis is sometimes accompanied by mild symptoms of runny nose, which makes the whole treatment or future treatment more complicated.

Dusty environment (leading to inflammation of respiratory mucosa), foreign bodies in nostrils, improper feeding temperature or humidity, insufficient sunlight, crowded environment, malnutrition and stress are all factors that may make your turtle infected with respiratory diseases.

Prevention:

A good and correct natural menu can ensure the long-term health of turtles. Turtles are as easy to fall in love with snacks as humans, and it will only be harmful to supply a lot of easily available kitchen food; Injuries and peristalsis that have not been discovered for many years are brewing-turtles still rest in the sun every day, seemingly living a healthy life, but in fact, their bodies are slowly deteriorating until one day they suddenly have problems; If you are unfortunately ill at this time, your tortoise's chances of recovery or even survival will be much lower than those who enjoy a beautiful and correct natural meal every day.

Because turtles who enjoy a good and correct natural menu for a long time will have strong muscles, top metabolic function, absorb enough vitamins and minerals, and support the immune system to resist invasive diseases. Malnourished turtles often die of minor illnesses because they lack the ability to resist invasive diseases.

Don't add new members to existing turtles unless they have passed the quarantine period of at least 6 months. New turtles may carry some potential symptoms or bacteria, parasites or some viruses, and are more likely to be carriers (there is no way to identify and identify carriers), which will affect existing turtle members.

Prevention of stress-stress problems are difficult to find before health problems occur, and will have a serious and long-term impact on basic health and resistance. Dogs or other animals, crowded environment, conflicts between turtles and children's play are all sources of stress. Stress can cause biochemical changes in animals, producing brain compounds to suppress the immune system-even if exposed to the same pathogen, these animals are more likely to get sick than animals without stress.

For some species of turtles, avoid sleeping in wet corners and provide dry, warm and comfortable rest places for turtles at night.

The most important thing is to avoid or prohibit turtles from contacting other kinds of turtles. Animals from different places have the ability to resist their own different pathogens, but these pathogens may harm other species.

Treatment:

The worst is coming. The tortoise showed signs of a runny nose. what can I do?

First, check whether there are foreign objects in the nostrils of turtles, such as sand and grass seeds. If you find them, please don't hesitate to delete them immediately.

If the foreign body is not suspicious, please ask the veterinarian (your doctor or pharmacy) for a sterile cotton swab. Wipe the secretion from your nose and take it to the vet for testing immediately. The test results will tell you what kind of infection it is and decide which antibiotic to use to get the best treatment effect. This is very important. One antibiotic can't deal with all infections. Most reptile infections are prone to drug positive, and the test results can help veterinarians avoid suspicion and prescribe the right medicine.

For some mild diseases and infections, it is usually only necessary to use some antibiotic drops and drip them into the nostrils of turtles once a day. First, try to remove the secretions from the turtle's nostrils with a paper towel, then lift the turtle vertically and slowly drip the drops into the turtle's nostrils with a syringe according to the amount instructed by the veterinarian. Erecting the turtle's back can ensure that the medicine flows smoothly into the nostrils. The best time to stop taking medicine should be before the tortoise goes to bed or according to the instructions of the veterinarian.

For some species of turtles, if the weather becomes cold and humid, it is necessary to provide a warm resting place for the sick turtles, and some continuous treatments may have to be combined with bottom fever.

After the symptoms disappear, simple treatment may last for one to two weeks to prevent recurrence. When using antibiotics, it must be noted that some turtles, such as leopard-print turtles and chest-breasted turtles, may have allergic reactions to drugs. If vomiting or foam appears in the nostrils or mouth after taking the medicine, stop taking the medicine immediately and notify the veterinarian. Adrenaline can inhibit the function of immune system, so it should not be used in damaged animals.

Even if the turtle is successfully treated, some possible sources of infection (stress, malnutrition, etc. ) it still needs to be corrected to prevent recurrence.

What should I do if I still don't get better after using the drops? Some infections are more complicated. More than one pathogen is infected at the same time. Ulcerative stomatitis, chronic or acute pneumonia may attack at the same time, so it is more likely to see a veterinarian immediately. Because of the slow metabolism of soft-shelled turtle, excessive drugs will reach the level of soft-shelled turtle poisoning. Veterinarians usually inject antibiotics for soft-shelled turtle every 48 to 72 hours.

In the process of continuous treatment, soft-shelled turtle must rely on high temperature environment to survive. High temperature environment can improve the metabolic rate of soft-shelled turtle, make the drug spread evenly and improve its immunity. Generally speaking, the recommended temperature is about 28 to 30 degrees Celsius or depending on the variety. In addition, we should also pay attention to keep moisture. Some drugs may affect renal function, and dehydration will lead to renal failure. If animals don't want to drink water, veterinarians can inject liquid from subcutaneous or lumen to replenish water. Depending on the drugs used, the course of rehydration may be 5 to 10 injections, if necessary? Drugs for the kidney are usually injected from the forelimb, otherwise the kidney will be seriously damaged. If other drugs are used, they are usually injected from the hind limbs. In some cases, the veterinarian may recommend the use of spray therapy. Under the direction of the veterinarian, the antibiotics are diluted with normal saline and injected into the demister, and the steam mixed with drugs is sprayed for the tortoise to inhale. If possible, it is best to inhale four times a day. Yes, turtles can stop breathing for a long time, but they may not have this ability for sick turtles, and there have been successful examples of spray therapy, so it's no harm to try it.

Finally, don't compare human cold with turtle respiratory infection, thinking that you can heal yourself as long as you give time. Treatment is very important, the sooner the better, the later the treatment, the more difficult it is to cure. Respiratory infections can be fatal. Don't turn turtles into victims. If possible, you should check your nostrils every day. When you find any secretion in your nostrils, you should seek medical treatment immediately without delay.