Experts on surface environmental assessment and zoning in Fujian, high scores and more! !

⊙ Land

The land area is 121,400 square kilometers, of which mountains and hills account for 80% of the land area;

The sea area is 136,300 square kilometers. The total length of the province's coastline is 6,128 kilometers, including 3,324 kilometers of mainland coastline, ranking second in the country. There are 1,546 large and small islands, accounting for 1/6 of the country;

It has many natural harbors such as Xiamen Bay, Fuzhou Bay, Xinghua Bay, Meizhou Bay, Shacheng Port, and Sanduao Bay.

⊙ Climate

Fujian is located in the subtropics and has a subtropical monsoon climate, with a mild climate and abundant rainfall. In 2004, the average temperature was 15.3~21.9 degrees and the average rainfall was 930~1843 mm. It is one of the provinces with the richest rainfall in the country.

⊙ Biological resources

Forest resources are very rich and it is one of the key forest areas in the country. The province’s forest area is more than 100 million acres, with a wide variety of trees and a forest coverage rate of 62.96%. Ranking first in the country.

Marine resources are very rich, with inland aquaculture area and operable marine fishery area of ??approximately 1,000 square kilometers and 125,000 square kilometers respectively. There are more than 750 species of fish, accounting for half of the country's marine fish species. In particular, there are many types of aquatic product resources, with the existing varieties accounting for more than 50% of the world's total. The total aquatic product volume ranks third in the country, and the per capita possession ranks first in the country.

⊙ Water Resources

The territory is densely covered with rivers and rich in water resources.

The province has 29 water systems, 663 rivers, and an inland river length of 13,569 kilometers. The density of the river network is rare in the country.

Theoretical hydraulic reserves are 10.46 million kilowatts and the installed capacity is 7.05 million kilowatts, ranking first in East China.

Fujian Province is located between 23°33′-28°19′ north latitude and 115°50′-120°43′ east longitude. Its latitude is in the subtropical latitude range, so the climate of the province is subtropical.

Fujian Province is close to the sea and land, and the climate has the characteristics of transition from oceanic to continental. The hottest month in Fujian Province is July and the coldest month is January, which is a manifestation of continental climate characteristics. However, the average temperature in Fujian Province in April is generally lower than the average temperature in October, and according to Conrad's continentality formula, the continental degree is generally less than 50, which reflects the characteristics of the oceanic climate.

The Taiwan Warm Current and Coastal Current that appear on the sea surface in eastern Fujian Province also have a certain impact on the climate of Fujian. The Taiwan Warm Current increases the moisture content and heat of the summer monsoon coming from the ocean. Longshore currents can intensify the cooling effect of winter monsoons in coastal areas.

The general trend of terrain in Fujian Province is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, but the terrain is undulating and the cross section is saddle-shaped.

The southeastern coastal areas of Fujian are home to the province’s main plains and terraces. The terrain here is less undulating, and the terrain’s forced uplift effect on airflow is weak. During the spring rainy season and the pre-flood precipitation season, southwesterly airflow prevails at low levels. The southeastern coastal areas of Fujian are located on the leeward side of the mountain belt in central Fujian, so although they face the sea, the precipitation is relatively small. There are two series of mountain ranges between central Fujian Province and Fujian and Jiangxi provinces, namely the Central Fujian Mountain Belt and the Western Fujian Mountain Belt. The two mountain belts are roughly parallel to each other and to the coastline.

The two mountain belts have a profound impact on the climate of the province. Due to the natural barrier function of the two mountain belts, the intrusion of cold air from the northwest and north will be blocked in the winter half of the year, which will slow down the intrusion of cold air from the south and weaken its power. The slopes on both sides of the two mountain belts are steep, which exerts a significant windward forced uplift or leeward subsidence effect on the low-level airflow, thus affecting the distribution of precipitation. Therefore, some of the higher mountain peaks in the two major mountain belts receive a lot of precipitation. Coastal plains and intermountain valley basins receive less precipitation. From the coast to the inland, annual precipitation generally presents a saddle-shaped distribution of "two highs and two lows". In different seasons, the prevailing low-level airflow has different directions, and the amount of precipitation on both sides of the mountain is also different. During the spring rains and pre-flood precipitation seasons from March to June, southwesterly airflow prevails at low levels. At this time, the precipitation on the western slopes of the two major mountain belts is significantly greater than the eastern slopes. However, during the post-flood precipitation season (July to September), the eastern slope of the mountain belt receives more precipitation than the western slope. The center of heavy rain caused by typhoons mainly occurs on the eastern slopes of the mountainous belt in central Fujian. The height differences between the peaks, valleys, and basins of the two major mountain belts are large, resulting in vertical climate distribution. Different mountain slopes and differences in the direction of river valleys cause local differences in the province's climate.

Because Fujian Province is located at a low latitude, it can still get abundant solar radiation energy despite more cloud cover. The annual total solar radiation value in this province is distributed from about 5000 MJ/m2 in the coastal plain of southeastern Fujian to 4000-4300 MJ/m2 in the mountainous areas of northern and northeastern Fujian.

The annual direct solar radiation value in Fujian Province is about 2000-2600 megajoules/square meter. The annual solar scattered radiation value is around 2000-2400 MJ/m2.

Fujian Province is located in the East Asian monsoon region and has developed monsoon circulation. The cold high pressure on the Asian continent is strong in winter. The northeast monsoon mainly prevails in the province, which is formed by the cold high pressure emanating from the Asian continent and turning southward.

In winter, the northeast monsoon comes from the cold and dry interior of the continent. After long-distance travel, when it enters the province, it is denatured, but it is still cold and dry, which can cause low temperature and cold damage.

Especially in the mountainous areas of northern Fujian, frost often occurs. The passing of a cold front at the front of the cold air increases cloud cover and often brings a small amount of precipitation. But overall, winter in Fujian Province is a relatively cold and dry season.

In spring, the force of cold air invading from the south has weakened. In early spring, the northeast monsoon still prevails, but at this time, the frontal zone formed between the cold air that has been significantly denatured early in the south and the cold air that has just moved south and has relatively less denaturation often appears in this province. This frontal area moves slowly, and continuous rainy weather often occurs at this time.

At the turn of spring and summer in May and June, as the western Pacific subtropical high strengthens and moves northward. The southwesterly airflow on the west side of the subtropical high guides the tropical ocean air mass northward, and the polar front formed between it and the modified polar continental air mass from the northern continent passes through Fujian Province, producing a large amount of precipitation. This period is the main precipitation period in Fujian, that is, the pre-flood season precipitation in South China.

In spring, fluctuations in the low-altitude South Branch jet stream and westerly air flow move eastward through Fujian Province, which also has an important impact on the weather in the province.

In late June, as the ridge line of the western Pacific subtropical high jumped northward over Fujian Province, the pre-flood season precipitation in Fujian Province ended and the summer circulation situation entered. In July, Fujian Province is often controlled by the ridgeline of the Western Pacific Subtropical High, resulting in hot weather with less clouds and rain.

In late July, the western Pacific subtropical high advanced to or north of 30° north latitude, and Fujian Province was located on the south side of the ridgeline of the subtropical high. Since then, the number of tropical weather systems such as tropical depressions and tropical clouds affecting the province has increased significantly, and the number of thunderstorms has also increased accordingly.

In autumn, the ridgeline of the subtropical high has retreated to the south of Fujian Province, and a small wave of weak cold air has begun to move southward, resulting in crisp autumn weather throughout the province.

Historical temperature changes

The records of climate changes in local chronicles of Fujian Province began in the fourth year of Daguan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1110), which is nearly 900 years ago. Judging the temperature changes in the first 800 years is mainly based on chronicle records; the temperature changes in the next 100 years are mainly based on instrumental observation data. Looking at the temperature changes in Fujian in the past 900 years, it has experienced four stages: cold, warm, cold and warm.

(1) Cold Period (1110-1190)

During this period, heavy snowfall and freezing damage occurred frequently in the coastal areas of southeastern Fujian. Among them, there were 3 snowfall and freezing damage events covering the entire province. Second-rate. The first time it appeared in the fourth year of Daguan in the Song Dynasty (1110); the second time it appeared in the first year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty (1131); and the third time it appeared in the first year of Shaoxi in the Song Dynasty (1190). During this period, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River were also cold. During this period, the Yangtze River and Taihu Lake experienced freezing phenomena many times.

(2) Warm period (1200-1500)

During this period, frost and snow disaster events were rarely recorded in local chronicles. Frost damage occurred only in individual years and locations, such as Yuan Dynasty. In the thirteenth year of Zhizheng (1353), there were records of "fallen frost killing crops" in Shaowu and Guangze counties. In the first half of this stage, the climate in the north of the country is also warmer, and bamboo can grow in Xi'an, Shaanxi, Boai, Henan and other places. From the fourth year of Xianchun in the Song Dynasty (1268) to the twenty-ninth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1292), a "Bamboo Supervision Department" was also established in the government office. The climate in Zhejiang is also relatively warm. According to records, in the sixth year of Song Qingyuan (1200), the sixth year of Jiading (1213), the ninth year of Jiading (1216), and the thirteenth year of Jiading (1220), there was no ice or snow in Hangzhou, and some winters Also, "peaches and plums bloom, and stinging insects do not hide."

(3) Cold Period (1501-1900)

In the 400 years from the middle of the Ming Dynasty (about the 16th century) to the late Qing Dynasty, the temperature dropped, forming another cold period Expect. But during this period, there were also several periods of warmer temperatures. Therefore, it can be roughly divided into 7 small cold periods and 6 small warm periods.

The first little cold period (1501-1533); the first little warm period (1534-1554);

The second little cold period (1555-1581 year); the second little warm period (1582-1625);

The third little cold period (1626-1684); the third little warm period (1685-1719); < /p>

The fourth little cold period (1720-1752); the fourth little warm period (1753-1787);

The fifth little cold period (1788-1816) ); The fifth little warm period (1817-1831);

The sixth little cold period (1832-1852); The sixth little warm period (1853-1872);

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The seventh little cold period (1873-1913).

(4) Warm period (since 1914)

Since the cold period at the end of the last century and into the 20th century, although the temperature has fluctuated up and down, it has generally been trending towards Evolution in the direction of warmth. The average temperature in Fuzhou in the 3rd year of the Republic of China (1914) and the 4th year of the Republic of China was both 20.0℃, which was 0.8℃ higher than the annual average temperature in the 29th year of the Guangxu Period (1903). The annual average temperature in Xiamen in the 3rd and 4th years of the Republic of China was both 22.2°C, which was 1.1°C higher than the annual average temperature in the 31st year of Guangxu (1905). Since the 4th year of the Republic of China, the temperature in this province has experienced a short-term significant drop.

Low-temperature weather occurred for two consecutive years in the 6th and 7th years of the Republic of China, which was mainly manifested by a significant drop in winter temperatures, that is, winter cold. The annual average temperatures in Fuzhou in the 6th and 7th years of the Republic of China were both 18.7°C, which was 1.3°C lower than the annual average temperatures in the 3rd and 4th years of the Republic of China. The annual average temperatures in Xiamen in the 6th and 7th years of the Republic of China were both 20.9°C, which was 0.3°C lower than the annual average temperatures in the 3rd and 4th years of the Republic of China. The average temperature in Fuzhou in December of the 6th year of the Republic of China (10.9℃) was 2.6℃ lower than the average temperature in December of the 4th year of the Republic of China. The average temperature in January of the 7th year of the Republic of China was 6.8℃, which was 5.0℃ lower than the average temperature in January of the 3rd year of the Republic of China. The average temperature in Xiamen in December of the 6th year of the Republic of China was 13.9°C, 2.8°C lower than the average temperature in December of the 4th year of the Republic of China. The average temperature in January of the 7th year of the Republic of China was 10.3°C, 4.6°C lower than the average temperature in January of the 3rd year of the Republic of China.

Since two consecutive years of cold weather in the 6th and 7th years of the Republic of China, the temperature in Fujian has shown an obvious warming trend until the mid-1940s. The 35th year of the Republic of China was the warmest year in the first half of this century. The annual average temperature in Fuzhou in the 35th year of the Republic of China was 2.6°C higher than that in the 6th and 7th years of the Republic of China (the height difference has been corrected). The annual average temperature in Xiamen in the 35th year of the Republic of China was 1.8°C higher than that in the 6th and 7th years of the Republic of China.

From the mid-40s to the mid-50s, the temperature in this province dropped again. The annual average temperatures in Fuzhou in 1955 and 1957 dropped by 1.7°C and 1.8°C respectively compared with the 1935 years of the Republic of China. The annual average temperatures in Xiamen in 1955 and 1957 dropped by 2.2°C and 2.1°C respectively compared with the 1935 years of the Republic of China. In 1955 and 1956, the annual average temperature in Pucheng was 16.9°C, 1.6°C lower than in the 1930s. The annual average temperature in Longyan in 1956 was 19.6°C, 1.4°C lower than the annual average temperature in the 35 years of the Republic of China.

From the mid-1950s to the early 1960s, the temperature in this province increased slightly. The annual average temperature in Fuzhou in 1963 was 20.1°C (83.8 meters above sea level, the same below), which was 0.9°C higher than the annual average temperature in 1957. Xiamen's annual average temperature in 1963 increased by 0.8°C compared with 1955. The annual average temperature in Pucheng in 1961 was 0.9°C higher than that in 1956. The annual average temperature in Longyan in 1964 was 20.2℃, 0.6℃ higher than that in 1956.

From the early 1960s to the late 1960s, the temperature in this province dropped slightly. The average temperature in Fuzhou in 1969 was 19.3℃, which was 0.8℃ lower than that in 1963. Since the late 1960s, the temperature in this province has risen slightly, and then cooled down again. 1976 was the year with the lowest temperature in more than ten years. The average temperature in Fuzhou in 1976 was 19.1°C, 1.0°C lower than in 1963 and 1.9°C lower than in 1963. The average temperature in Xiamen in 1976 was 20.6°C, 0.6°C lower than in 1963, and 2.0°C lower than in 1976 (the height difference has been corrected). The average temperature in Pucheng in 1976 was 1.7°C lower than that in 1976.

Since the mid-1970s to the present, the temperature in Fuzhou has been in a rising stage (see Figure 2-1). Judging from the temperature changes in Fuzhou, until 1996, the annual average temperature was still lower than in the 35th year of the Republic of China. The annual average temperature in Fuzhou in 1996 was 19.7℃.

Geology

Tectonically, Fujian is located on the southeastern edge of the Eurasian continental plate and is adjacent to the Pacific plate. It is part of the continental margin activity zone of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic giant structures and magma belts around the Pacific Ocean. , is one of the most active tectono-magmatic areas in the world. Therefore, geologically, it is famous both inside and outside the province for its Yanshanian period intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks and intrusive rocks that are widely exposed (accounting for nearly 2/3 of the province's area).

Major breakthroughs in the study of metamorphic basement in the past decade have ended the dispute over "whether there are pre-Proterozoic metamorphic rocks in Fujian." Existing data show that since the Late Archaean, strata and rocks of various historical ages have been exposed in Fujian. However, the strata and rocks of each age have been missing or denuded to varying degrees, and their respective construction, metamorphic deformation characteristics and formation Mineral specificity, etc. are all different. This also shows that the crustal movement in Fujian has been very frequent since the Late Archaean, so that the crust has multiple structural characteristics in the vertical direction, whether it is metamorphic basement or caprock; and the surface crust structure is characterized by brittle-ductile fractures and nappe and detachment structures, especially It is characterized by extremely developed brittle fractures, among which the northeast and northwest fractures are the most eye-catching. The distribution of strata and rocks of various ages is obviously controlled by structures (faults), thus forming a basic structural framework of "east-west zoning and north-south division".

The Nanping-Ninghua NNE structural-magmatic zone and the Zhenghe-Dapu NNE fault zone divide Fujian into three different structural units: northwestern Fujian, southwestern Fujian, and eastern Fujian. Although the southeastern Fujian coastal fault uplift zone is small in scope, it is comparable to the above three tectonic units in a regional tectonic sense, and therefore can be regarded as an independent tectonic unit. Northwest Fujian has experienced vicissitudes since the Late Archaean. After the Jinning Movement, it was basically in an orogenic uplift state, in which Pre-Sinian metamorphic rocks and Caledonian-Yanshanian granitoids developed. The southwestern Fujian area, which was separated from northwest Fujian due to the Sibao Movement, was in a depressed marginal sea environment twice during the Sinian-Ordovician and the Late Devonian-Early Triassic, and deposited huge thicknesses of sediments. ; The Indosinian movement in the Middle and Late Triassic basically ended the history of marine transgression in southwestern Fujian, and triggered magma intrusion and horizontal compression, causing the sediments in the depression to rise in folds and form basin and ridge topography.

Due to the existence and activity of the Zhenghe-Dabu fault zone, the eastern Fujian area, which is separated from the two structural units of northwest and southwestern Fujian, except for the coastal zone, was in a state of uplift and denudation from the early Paleozoic zone to the early Mesozoic; in the Mesozoic, due to fault The trapping effect is the strongest and most frequent. The tectonic and magma intrusion activities in the middle and late stages of the Yanshan Mountains caused the volcanic deposits in the eastern Fujian area to bend and uplift. Due to the strong fault thrusting and magma intrusion activity in the Yanshanian period, the coastal fault uplift zone in southeastern Fujian resulted in the sporadic distribution of metamorphic basement rock blocks on the surface and the development of basic-acid intrusive rocks.

Although the tectonic-magmatic activity in the Yanshanian period also affected the western Fujian region, it may be that the resurrection of the Zhenghe-Dabu fault zone affected the transmission of tectonic stress. Therefore, the tectonic-magmatic activity in the western Fujian region, especially The intensity and scale of volcanic eruptions are far less than those in eastern Fujian. The Yanshanian magma intrusion, eruption and consolidation diagenesis along various faults (zones) caused various large and small blocks in Fujian to be closely embedded and spliced ??together, so that the crustal movement since the Cenozoic has caused Fujian to be in a state of overall uplift. However, there are fault activities during the uplift process, so the uplift amplitude of each block is still different.

It can be seen that Fujian is a composite orogenic belt that experienced multiple cycles of orogeny and was finally spliced ??together from different blocks during the Yanshanian period.

Fujian Province has well-developed strata, with exposures ranging from the Upper Archaean to the Quaternary. The rock types are relatively complex. The sum of sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rock strata and the Yanshanian volcanic rock strata each account for about one-third of the province's total land area. According to the comprehensive zoning of stratigraphy according to the Chinese Lithostratigraphic Zoning Plan (1994), the whole of Fujian is part of the Southeast Stratigraphic Zone (VI5) of the South China Stratigraphic Region (Ⅵ). The province is roughly bounded by Zhenghe - Dapu (Guangdong). The west belongs to the Wuyi stratigraphic subdivision (Ⅵ85), and the east belongs to the coastal stratigraphic subdivision (Ⅵ95). According to lithology, lithofacies, construction type, degree of metamorphism and structural change characteristics, the province, in addition to the Quaternary, can be divided into the Pre-Devonian, Devonian-Middle Triassic, and Late Triassic- Dated strata from three periods of the Late Tertiary. The stratigraphic layers of each age are bounded by obvious angular unconformities, and the stratigraphic zoning is obvious (Fig. 2). The Pre-Devonian System is divided into stratigraphic subdistricts in southwestern Fujian (Ⅵ8-1a5), northwestern Fujian (Ⅵ8-1b5), northern Fujian (Ⅵ8-1c5), eastern Fujian (Ⅵ9-1a5) and southeastern Fujian coastal (Ⅵ9-1b5). It is a huge geosyncline type flysch deposit. Pre-Sinian and Sinian strata are widely exposed in the stratigraphic subdivisions of northwest and northern Fujian, and many rocks have medium-deep regional metamorphism and mixed lithification. The stratigraphic area in southwestern Fujian mainly exposes Sinian and early Paleozoic strata, and the degree of rock metamorphism is shallow. The Devonian-Middle Triassic strata are divided into southwestern Fujian (Ⅵ8-2a5), northern Fujian (Ⅵ8--2b5) and eastern Fujian (Ⅵ9-25) stratigraphic subdistricts. Among them, the late Paleozoic quasi-platform fine clastic rock-carbonate rock formation in the southwestern Fujian stratigraphic area is widely exposed and rich in fossils. It is an important ore-bearing layer for coal, iron, manganese, limestone and other sedimentary minerals in this province. The Late Triassic-Late Tertiary strata are divided into western Fujian (VI8-35) and eastern Fujian (VI9-35) stratigraphic subdivisions, which are dominated by continental basin sedimentation and volcanic eruption accumulation, especially the Yanshan stratigraphic subdivision in eastern Fujian. The volcanic rocks are particularly developed during this period, with complex rock types and huge stratigraphic thickness. It is one of the important areas for studying the Mesozoic continental volcanic rock strata on the southeastern coast of my country.

According to the principle of lithostratigraphic division, the pre-Quaternary strata in Fujian are divided into 11 (rock) group levels, 65 (rock) group levels and 3 segment level (structural) lithostratigraphic units ( Table 1).

Fujian has very developed volcanic rocks. There have been volcanic activities from the Late Archean to the Tertiary Period. There are 30 volcanic rock formations in total. According to the construction characteristics of volcanic rock strata, the development degree of volcanic rocks and the nature of eruptions, combined with the nature of crustal movement and tectonic cycles, it can be divided into Wutai-Luliang, Sibao-Jinning, Caledonian, Varixi-Indosinian There are six tectonic magmatic periods or cycles in the Yanshan, Yanshan and Himalayas (Table 2). Late Proterozoic and pre-Basic volcanic rocks are mainly distributed in northwestern Fujian, and only sporadically in southwestern and eastern Fujian; Carboniferous and Late Triassic-Early Jurassic volcanic rocks are sporadically found in southwestern, central and northern Fujian; Late Jurassic Luo Shi - Cretaceous volcanic rocks are widely distributed throughout the province, especially in eastern Fujian. The Cenozoic volcanic rocks are scattered and mainly found in the coastal areas of southern Fujian and Mingxi, Ninghua and other places in the interior. There are many types of rocks, including ultrabasic, basic, neutral, medium-acidic, acidic volcanic rocks (including latent volcanic rocks) and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks. The lithofacies are well developed, including debris flow accumulation phase, void accumulation phase, surge accumulation phase, collapse accumulation phase, eruption phase, explosion phase, volcanic channel phase, intrusion-overflow phase, and eruption-sedimentary phase. It is equal to a subterranean volcano. There are two types of volcanic eruptions: central type and fissure-central area. Volcanic activity and the volcanic structures formed are obviously controlled by regional structures and have obvious directionality and zoning. There are many types of volcanic structures, including dome volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, cone volcanoes, caldera volcanoes, shield volcanoes, compound volcanoes, volcanic eruption centers and eruptive breccia tubes.

Among them, the Yanshanian volcanic rocks have the most complete rock types and lithofacies development. They have diverse volcanic eruption types and volcanic structures. They are the most typical and have the widest distribution area. They are exposed about 38,000km2, accounting for 31% of the total area of ??the province. They are the volcanic rock belt of Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong. An important part of the river basin, the research is also detailed

Water resources

The main body of the Fujian river basin is a hilly area. The river runoff gathers the surface runoff on the slopes of the entire basin and the underground runoff in the saturated zone. They The converging characteristics are very different. The converging speed of surface runoff on the hillside of the basin is fast, and it only takes 5-7 days for the general watershed to merge into the sea. The converging speed of the underground runoff in the saturated zone of the watershed is slow, and it can take up to 30 days for the general watershed. days, or even more than 100 days of confluence time, slowly and continuously replenishing the base flow of the river, which accounts for 20%-30% of the total river runoff. This is an important characteristic of different water sources in river runoff resources.

According to statistics in 1999, the total water supply in Fujian Province was 17.7 billion cubic meters, of which 4.6 billion cubic meters were supplied by water storage projects, accounting for only 26% of the total water supply; water supply by water diversion and water lifting projects 12.7 billion cubic meters, accounting for 72% of the total water supply; groundwater extraction volume is 400 million cubic meters. It can be seen that 74% of the total water supply comes from river base flow and groundwater in the saturated zone of the basin. The rivers in southern Fujian may be overloaded and occupy ecological water resources. At the same time, it shows that the water supply volume of the water storage project is relatively small, accounting for only 10% of the total available water resources in the province. This means that the utilization rate of surface runoff resources on the slopes of the basin is low, and there is an unreasonable water resource allocation problem.

In view of the characteristics of different water sources in Fujian's river runoff resources and the problems existing in their utilization, the type of water supply project construction must be strategically adjusted, giving priority to the construction of water storage projects, and making full use of the surface runoff resources on the slopes of the basin. Give full play to the function of reservoirs to detain floods and replenish dry areas. This type of water storage project must be an ecological model. To reform the traditional reservoir engineering design model, the system of protecting water quantity, water quality and water ecological environment should be regarded as the objective function, and the water and soil environment in the reservoir and its upstream basin should be regarded as a system. Overall, we study the development model of ecological reservoirs, which is the core of rational development of water resources.

According to the hydrogeographic distribution rules of Fujian, ecological reservoirs are scientifically distributed in the headwaters of each river basin. The advantages of small watersheds in mountainous areas include high terrain, sparsely populated areas, less cultivated land, no pollution, less impact on fish diversity, and a solid river bed that is not easily washed away. It can also greatly increase the reuse of water, increase low water flow in rivers, improve the dilution and self-purification function of rivers, and improve the water ecological environment. In terms of geographical landscape, it looks like Tianhu Lake.

Reference for specific data on water resources:

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