Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather inquiry - Excuse me, netizens; What color is Lingbi stone? How to identify the true and false Lingbi stone?

Excuse me, netizens; What color is Lingbi stone? How to identify the true and false Lingbi stone?

Identification of True and False Lingbi Stone Nowadays, the collection of Lingbi stone is hot, good Lingbi stone is getting harder and harder to find, and the price is rising. As a result, fake stones ran rampant. Strange stones have been fake since ancient times. For the purpose of profit-seeking, all the stones that are loved by people, have collectible value and can generate economic profits are fake. Shoushan stone, bloodstone, Bahrain stone and Hetian jade also have many fakes, right? Therefore, there is no need to talk about false discoloration, and we must not give up eating because of choking. Someone forged a stone, which showed its collection value from the opposite side. At the same time, it is also a pleasure to distinguish between true and false. So how to tell the truth of Lingbi stone? How can we not be cheated and spend money on garbage? In this paper, the author 1 1 years accumulated experience in buying and selling Lingbi stone, to discuss the problem of counterfeiting Lingbi stone, in order to attract more attention. 1. Sticking and pasting is a long-term fraud technique, and it is difficult to find fraud. Paste is divided into two types: original stone paste and finished stone paste. There are two ways to paste the original stone. First, because the stone was accidentally broken or smashed during excavation or moving, and the stone was relatively tangible, the stone farmhouse could not give up, so it was pasted with adhesives such as Geliahao or 10 1. Because it is the original stone, there is dust on it. If it is pasted in time or tightly, it is difficult to find it. Clever stone farmers, and then stick some soil ash from the scene to cover up the whole crack, it is even more difficult to distinguish. But it is this clever trick that exposes the traces of fake stones. A, the color of the new paste is darker than that of the old lime soil. This is because calcareous soil changes color under the action of glue, and the color of the new paste is more vivid than that of the old paste. B, the glue is more exposed when you brush the stone. So bring a hand brush and try to brush the fancy stone, not only to brush out the suspected part, but also to try to brush the stone well and see if the stone skin is clean and moist. C, listen to the sound. If the stone skin is good, but the impact is silent or dull, it will attract attention. If you look carefully, it is normal, because there are cracks in the stone (natural cracks), otherwise there may be paste, because the fracture destroys the integrity of the stone and makes it dull. This kind of imitation is passive, and another kind of original stone pasting is active imitation: two or more unrelated stones are bonded together to increase the tortuosity of the stones and form a flat effect. This kind of stone has fake technology, and lime soil is bonded with glue. In addition to the test brush, D is to see if it is natural. The bending shape of natural stone is natural, smooth and beautiful, which looks very comfortable; Moreover, the artificial bending is stiff and unnatural, and there is a feeling of abrupt excess. Generally, people with a little artistic vision can see it. If you are unfortunate enough to buy this kind of pasted fake stone, you don't have to feel sad and blame yourself. Old players sometimes lose their minds, and no matter how tough they are, they will inevitably fall down on the road of life. I once bought a piece, and when I drew it myself, it fell to the place where I posted it because of vibration, so the glue on it was clearly seen, so e, vibration is also a method of identification! Sometimes you break it with your hands, even breaking a stone without any damage, but the vibration makes it show its true colors. F, time can expose all lies, buy the original stone and leave it for a period of time, because the glue has a time limit, and the effect will naturally decrease and break after a long time, which can save the cost of making the base. The reason why the finished stone is pasted is because the bought or processed finished stone is accidentally broken during handling, especially the weak parts, such as the tip of a bird's mouth, are the most easily broken. Generally, after pasting, in order to cover up the traces, you will often brush hard and hit with emery cloth, which will destroy the grain of stone. This kind of paste can sometimes be seen with the naked eye. If the posting time is tight, it is difficult to find, so we can only restore history by time. 2, lose weight Some stones are good as a whole, or pictographic, or tall and straight, but often there is one more piece. If it is removed, it will be more like or better, so some people with bad conduct will chisel together and start a sculptor. This kind of stone is easy to distinguish by careful observation. As long as you start work, it will inevitably destroy the stone skin and grain. Generally, there is a natural oxide layer-lime in natural cracks. The broken stone skin is dark in color and there is no lime. Although the color becomes lighter after treatment, the damaged part will be extremely smooth and no lime can be seen. The direction of the grain is discontinuous and broken, indicating that the normal grain is polished and disappeared. Even the natural smooth stone has a complete stone surface and texture, and man-made damage can still be seen by careful observation. Nowadays, counterfeiting technologies emerge one after another, with new designs and upgrades. In order to cover up the traces of damage, some counterfeiters will use chisels to cut out dense white spots, so-called broken glass, which provides conclusive evidence for our identification. 3. Drilling We repeatedly emphasize the natural texture of stone and explain its importance. Similarly, man-made drilling will destroy the texture of stone. This kind of stone is easier to distinguish between true and false. When drilling by hand, the marks are obvious, and the color in the hole cannot be integrated with the outside. Some also have traces of tools, thick lines of fried porcelain, and traces of uniform brush circles. It is even more unnatural. If it's two or three holes, you will find duplicate cloning technology. 4. Coloring and pickling A. Specifically, most stones before 2000 were pickled, and pickling is a lazy way to deal with stones. Because it takes a lot of effort to brush stones, it is also difficult to brush, but the stones and skins that are brushed look beautiful and natural. Stone washed or soaked with hydrochloric acid will be quickly ashed, but it will destroy the smoothness of the stone. The color of the stone after pickling is black, dirty, black and wet. (It also takes advantage of the influence of people's propaganda by books and newspapers. In fact, black bluestone is mostly schist, which is used to make braided musical instruments or other handicrafts. There is nothing to see. ) then soak in water and test again, but observe with your eyes. Especially in rainy days, the acid-washed stone will turn sour and the whole stone will get wet. Some people will lie to customers that this is a magic stone, and the weather will be predicted on cloudy and rainy days. Haha, what a fool! No matter whether he is the person you trust or not, no matter whether he is respected in the stone world, many respected people will tell lies for money, maybe he doesn't understand. Please believe your eyes. Note: Waxing will also make the stone skin black, but waxing belongs to beautification, which is recognized by the stone industry and is essentially different from pickling. (In addition, pickled colored stones are not fake, because the color of colored stones will look better after pickling, which plays a beautification role. Therefore, it is allowed in the Tibetan stone industry. But some colored stones with stone skins don't need pickling. Generally speaking, the colored stones in northern Jiangsu are all pickled, because there is no stone skin, and they glow better after pickling. Dye or shine shoes. This low-tech technique is generally due to the ugly color of stone skin, which can only be known if it is dyed or covered with black shoe polish, washed with water or pinched by hand. However, you can't stick xxx at a time. Some stone farmers regard shoeshine as a habit, and even the stone skins themselves are polished with black shoe polish, which is really superfluous. So I have repeatedly warned stone farmers not to put on shoe polish, never put on it, I will brush it up and waste energy. 5. Generally, colored stones and colored stones are used for overall fraud, such as colored stones in northern Jiangsu. Because there is no stone skin, it is tall and straight, not very tangible, and the stone is soft, polished and waxed by pickling, and smooth as jade. So they made the rockery and various animals into a whole, such as tigers, dragons, turtles and so on. It's easier to distinguish, because it's too similar and unnatural. But for a little shape, a little change is difficult to distinguish, and non-experts can't see it. In short, as long as it is unnatural, we must be vigilant, or simply give up, in order to have peace of mind. There is also a whole fake in the stone, but it is easy to tell. In addition to the various methods we mentioned, the biggest feature of the whole fake stone is that it looks unnatural, clumsy and uncomfortable. Although it is very pictographic, it has no real pictographic charm and aura. If you are a novice, it is difficult to tell the true from the false. The safest way is to look at the photos of the original stone. The comparison between the stone and the original stone photo can best prove her authenticity, which is more effective than the so-called identification certificate, authenticity certificate and other certificates judged by experience! Lingbi stone has a long history, is famous in ancient and modern times, and has high ornamental value. There is a conclusion in ancient and modern stone monographs. The preciousness of Lingbi stone lies in all the beauty, such as thinness, wrinkle, leakage, transparency, black, suspension, sound, tangible, quality, color and light, as well as strangeness, ingenuity, strangeness and uniqueness. There are many research results of Lingbi Stone. The ancients studied Lingbi stone from the aspects of shape, quality, color and sound, and discussed the identification characteristics of Lingbi stone in detail. The evaluation of Lingbi stone in Yunlin Stone Spectrum is "rough", "clean and firm" and "loud". In Historical Records, Lingbi stone is painted with white jade, buckled with jade and slightly scraped with a sharp knife, while counterfeiters mostly dye it with Taihu stone. This book compares Lingbi stone with Taihu stone, saying that Taihu stone is also quiet and has white veins, but it will become fragments when scratched with a sharp knife. Lingbi stone is a negligible jade compared with quartz stone. In fact, stones are silent, and stones with sound are also spiritual. It should be pointed out that, limited by the level of science and technology at that time, the theory of evaluating the authenticity of Lingbi stone put forward by the ancients was limited to objective description. From the perspective of petrology, Lingbi stone belongs to carbonate rock. There are many such stones, such as Taihu Stone in Jiangsu, Chaohu Stone in Anhui, Wuwei Stone in Shandong and Linqu Stone in Shandong. Among these "stone families", it is not difficult to find out such strange stones as "buckle like jade" and "color like paint". For example, the Records of Ancient Mines and the Records of Gusu all record the "inlaying, moistening and buckling" of the fine Taihu stone. The description of Wuwei stone in Anhui in Yunlin Stone Spectrum is "slightly dark and moist in color, mostly made by mountain sounds". Among the carbonate molding stones collected by the author, the sound similar to black is not limited to Lingbi stone. It can be seen that it is difficult to distinguish its authenticity by ancient methods. In view of this, the author uses scientific methods to identify. Lingbi stone is a dense fine-grained limestone, and its mineral composition is mainly calcite (> 95), with a small amount of dolomite, pyrite and iron oxide. The rock structure is micro-equigranular mosaic structure, and the rock is dense, and no cracks and pores are found in its thin slices under microscope. Ordinary limestone does not have the petrological characteristics of the above-mentioned Lingbi stone at the same time, so there is generally no "voice of gold and jade". It can be seen that Lingbi stone, because of its dense rock structure, thin, transparent, leaky and wrinkled posture, will make a metallic sound when struck, so it is called "the golden sound of hitting".