What are the specific methods of accelerating germination?

In some warm areas in the south, ginger has germinated after coming out of the cellar, so it can be sown directly without accelerating germination. However, the temperature is low in most areas in spring, so it is necessary to accelerate germination. The process of accelerating germination is called "ginger sprout" in the north, and "smoked ginger" or "green promotion" in the south. In the north, open field cultivation is mostly carried out around Tomb-Sweeping Day, while in the south, it is carried out after Grain Rain and before Tomb-Sweeping Day. However, the specific germination time mainly depends on the temperature conditions and sowing date of germination facilities. The methods of accelerating germination are different, as follows:

(1) indoor germination accelerating pool method in Laiwu, Shandong. Build a rectangular germination pool with adobe or brick in the corner of the room. The height of the pool is 80 cm, and the length and width depend on the variety and quantity of ginger (Figure 5- 1). Before putting ginger, spread a layer of 10 cm thick dry wheat straw or 3 ~ 4 layers of toilet paper on the bottom and edge of the pool. After drying ginger for the last time in sunny and warm weather, while the temperature of ginger is high, lay it flat in the pool layer by layer. Stacking thickness should not exceed 50 ~ 60 cm. If the pile of ginger is too thick, the temperature is often uneven and the germination is not neat enough. Leave 10 hour cooling time after the ginger is arranged, and then cover the pool. When covering the pool, first spread the wheat straw with a thickness of 10 cm on the upper part, and then cover it with a quilt or blanket to stabilize the temperature in the pool at 20 ~ 25℃. After about 20 ~ 30 days, the seedlings can be planted when they grow to 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm.

Fig. 5- 1 Schematic diagram of germination accelerating pool in Laiwu, Shandong Province

(2) outdoor germination accelerating method in Laiwu, Shandong. Build a rectangular germination pool in the sunny place in the front yard of the house. There are two kinds of germination pools: aboveground and semi-underground The above-ground type is to build a pool with a wall height of about 80 cm from the ground; The semi-underground type is to dig 25 ~ 30 cm below the ground and build 50 ~ 55 cm above the ground, and the rest are the same as the above-ground type. The length and width of the pond also depend on the kind of ginger. Before planting ginger seeds, lay 10 ~ 15 cm of dry wheat straw on the bottom layer, then lay ginger seeds layer by layer, and stuff 5 ~ 10 cm thick wheat straw or hay around. After planting ginger, cover the upper layer with 5 ~ 10 cm thick mash, and finally seal it with mash. In order to save labor, it is also possible to pile ginger seeds directly in the leeward and sunny place without laying the pool in advance, cover them with wheat straw or hay, and then seal them with wheat straw mud.

This method should not pile ginger seeds more than 50 ~ 60 cm, otherwise it will cause uneven germination of ginger buds due to poor ventilation and excessive temperature difference between the upper and lower parts, and may also cause seed rot when the humidity is high. Therefore, according to the number of ginger varieties, we can leave 1 or several air holes with a diameter of about 15 cm in the upper part of the ginger pile in the pool, and vertically insert several handfuls of wheat straw, sorghum and corn straw into the holes to extend to the top to increase the air permeability in the pool. After 20 ~ 30 days, sow when the buds grow to about 1 cm.

(3) The germination method of mat basket and bamboo basket in Tengzhou, Shandong Province. Lay several layers of toilet paper on the bottom of the mat basket, bamboo basket, etc. Put the dried ginger seeds flat inside and seal your mouth tightly. Then build a shelf with wooden sticks indoors with a height of 2.2 ~ 2.5 meters, put the basket on it, and use the heat generated by cooking to raise the indoor temperature for germination (Figure 5-2). This method is limited by the size of the container and only applies to a few cases.

Figure 5-2 Schematic diagram of mat basket germination accelerating method

(4) The method of accelerating germination in Zhejiang ginger oven. As shown in Figure 5-3, the structure of the ginger fumigation stove is made of bricks indoors. The height of the stove is 40 cm. Spread bamboo poles or mats on the top of the stove and seal it with mud. A fire door is opened under the middle wall of the stove, which is 30 cm high and 20 cm wide. The cooktop is made of wood, with a height of 1.8m and a length of 1 ~ 1.2m, and one side of the smoke bin is provided with a movable drawing board for easy access to ginger seeds. Place 5 ~ 10 cm of straw or 3 ~ 5 layers of toilet paper inside the fumigation room, then discharge the ginger seeds, and cover the top of the ginger seeds with 20 cm thick straw. Light firewood, sawdust, chaff and other small fires (no open flame) under the stove, and smoke ginger seeds with heat to make them reach the temperature suitable for germination. In the process of fumigation, the surface of ginger is wet, which is called "sweating" by ginger farmers. After about 25 days of sweating, the bud can grow about 1 cm, then quit smoking and start sowing.

Figure 5-3 Schematic Diagram of Zhejiang Ginger Fumigation Furnace (unit: cm)

(5) The method of accelerating germination of Tongling Jiangge. Choose Jiangge, which is 8 meters high, 4-8 meters long and 4-8 meters wide. In a place with high terrain, which is dry, sheltered from the wind and sun, the inside and outside of its walls are covered with mud to prevent cold air from invading. Tile the roof to facilitate ventilation. The pavilion is off the ground 1.3 ~ 2 meters high, and the grates are erected with wood, and bamboo pieces are alternately nailed on the grates. The bamboo grates are divided into four, six or eight rooms, just like the bottom of the steamer. There is a 70 cm square fire path in the center for operators to get up and down when steam rises and ginger seeds are discharged from the fire. Before storing ginger, put 3 ~ 4 layers of lotus leaves on the bamboo fence, and open a 30 ~ 35 cm square window on the upper part of one side of the ginger pavilion to remove moisture (Figure 5-4). After planting ginger in the cupboard, cover it tightly with lotus leaves. After that, the fire is heated downstairs, and it is burned 1 time every morning and evening for 40-60 minutes each time, so as to make the ginger sweat and dehydrate, and keep the temperature in the cabinet at12-16℃. Before and after the vernal equinox, use slow fire to make the temperature reach 20 ~ 25℃ to promote germination. Generally, ginger buds of about 1 cm can be produced by mid-April.

Figure 5-4 Tongling Jiangge (unit: meter)

Ginger in Tongling can not only accelerate germination, but also store ginger. This method is unique. When used to accelerate germination, the epidermis of ginger shrinks, which can kill some germs on the surface and inhibit ginger blast. However, the cost of Jianjiang song is high, and it takes more than five months to burn a fire for heating, which is labor-consuming and time-consuming, and the management is complicated.

(6) Deep hole germination method in Leiyang mountain area, Hunan province. Choose a hillside with high terrain and deep soil layer to dig a pit, put ginger in a bamboo basket and seal the pit. When I was in Grain Rain, I opened a hole to get ginger, which had sprouted.

(7) Dalian sand bed germination method. Build a sand bed in the cold ditch and erect a small plastic arch shed on it. Spread ginger on a sand bed with a thickness of about 10cm, and cover it with wet sand with a thickness of about 3 cm. The humidity of the sand should be held by hand and scattered on the ground. In the early stage, the sand bed temperature was kept at 20 ~ 25℃. When the buds grow to about 0.5 cm, pick out the ginger, put it indoors, adjust the temperature to 15 ~ 18℃ for bud refining, and sow when the buds grow to about 1 cm in the first half of May.

(8) The method of accelerating germination in sunshine bed. The sunlight greenhouse should be built in a sheltered place, with a depth of 0.6 m and a width of 1.5 m, depending on the number of ginger species. Spread 10 cm thick wheat straw or hay at the bottom and around, and add dried ginger seeds. The thickness of ginger should be 30 ~ 35cm. Cover ginger with 15cm thick wheat straw, keep it dark, loose and breathable, finally arch it, cover it with plastic film, and cover it with straw at night, and ensure the temperature of the border is 20 ~ 25℃. If conditions permit, a floor hotline can be added to help keep the border temperature stable. The air in the sunny border is well ventilated and the temperature is easy to control, so this method has short germination time and uniform buds.

(9) Germination accelerating method in greenhouse or greenhouse. Spread a layer of wheat straw paper with a thickness of 5 ~ 10 cm on the bottom of greenhouse or solar greenhouse, put dried ginger seeds with a thickness of 30 ~ 35 cm on it, and cover the ginger blocks with a layer of wheat straw paper. According to the weather conditions, the temperature in the shed (or room) is artificially controlled at 20 ~ 25℃. This method is as labor-saving as the positive bed germination method and can shorten the germination time by 3 ~ 5 days.

The above are the methods to promote ginger germination in various places. In production, growers can master it flexibly according to local specific conditions, not necessarily limited to any method, as long as it is a simple facility that can ensure temperature and humidity conditions.