How are thunderstorms and strong winds formed?

According to China Weather Network, since April 24th, a large area of rainfall south of the Yellow River in China has gradually begun, and the biggest thunderstorm and gale has hit this year. On the 25th, heavy rainfall will further move eastward and southward, and Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangxi and Guangdong will be affected. There may be heavy rain in Jiangxi and Hunan.

So, what is a thunderstorm and gale? How is it formed? Let me talk about it.

Thunderstorm gale refers to the strong storm or zonal convection related to the squall line strong front. The downward airflow in mature monomer spreads horizontally near the ground to form divergent gust, which is called thunderstorm gale.

Formation process of thunderstorm gale

Thunderstorm gale is a kind of disastrous weather, which is the product of strong thunderstorm clouds. Strong thunderstorm clouds mainly refer to those thunderstorms accompanied by strong winds, ice fires, tornadoes and other disaster weather, also known as "strong thunderstorm clouds". The front of strong storm clouds is updraft, followed by downdraft. Downward flow is colder than the surrounding air because of the strong evaporation of precipitation such as rain and hail. ?

This rapidly sinking cold air forms a cold air pile at the bottom of the cloud, which is called "thunderstorm high pressure" in meteorology, which makes the airflow spread rapidly around. Therefore, when strong thunderstorm clouds come, the wind direction suddenly changes and the wind force increases sharply, often accompanied by sudden strong winds, heavy rains and hail. This kind of thunderstorm and gale has strong suddenness and short duration, usually 8- 12, so it is very destructive. ?

In addition, the occurrence of thunderstorm gale is closely related to the wind field at high altitude. When there is a high wind speed area, that is, a jet stream, there is a great difference in wind direction and wind speed between the upper and lower air layers, that is, the existence of strong vertical wind shear is very important for the formation and maintenance of thunderstorm gale.

Finally, the terrain not only affects the thunderstorm gale in the initial stage, but also plays an important role in maintaining the thunderstorm gale. Compared with the unfavorable factors of large friction and many blockages in mountainous areas, strong thunderstorms and strong winds are more likely to occur in the great plains.

Thunderstorm gale in China has certain spatial and temporal distribution characteristics.

The seasonal cycle of thunderstorms and strong winds in various regions of China is very concentrated, and it is most active in summer (that is, from June to August). Thunderstorms and windy weather in the north mainly occur from May to September, and thunderstorms and windy weather in the south will occur in spring and summer.

The thunderstorm and gale weather activity in northern China is obviously stronger than that in southern China. North China and the eastern part of northwest China are the frequent areas of thunderstorms and strong winds in northern China, and the extreme center of occurrence probability is located in the northern part of North China. In contrast, the probability of thunderstorms and strong winds in South China, South China and the western part of Northwest China is low. From March to May, there is strong thunderstorm gale activity in southwest China, which is mainly caused by spring convection activity.

What should we do when there are thunderstorms and strong winds?

Go out as little as possible, ride less bicycles when you have to go out, and don't stay under billboards or temporary buildings to avoid the wind.

If you are driving, you should drive into an underground parking lot or shelter.

If you live in a tent, you should immediately put away your tent and take shelter from the wind in a strong house.

If you are working or swimming on the surface of the water, you should immediately go ashore to avoid the wind, the ship should follow the instructions and return to Hong Kong to avoid the wind, and the sailing boat should put down its sails as soon as possible.

In public places, they should be evacuated to designated places.