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Free-range rearing technology of chickens

Release date: April 2004-18 Source:

1 site selection

The selected mountain area should be pollution-free and far away from residential areas, industrial and mining areas and main roads. The environment is quiet and peaceful and the air is fresh. Mountain areas with gentle slopes and shrubs, thorn forests and broad-leaved forests are preferred. There should be clean water sources such as pollution-free streams and ponds nearby.

2 variety selection

China local quality chickens, such as Ma Chongren chicken, Xianju chicken, Ningdu yellow chicken, Gushi chicken, Xiaoshan chicken, Sanhuang chicken, Ma Qing original chicken, Xinghua chicken, etc. It has the characteristics of small size, beautiful coat color, liveliness, roughage resistance and strong disease resistance, and is suitable for stocking. Moreover, eggs are of good quality, tender meat and delicious taste, which are deeply loved by chicken farmers and consumers.

3 Stocking scale

The stocking scale of each flock should be1500 ~ 2,000. Too large is not conducive to management, and too small is inefficient. The stocking density should be about 200 animals per mu of mountain area, and the "all-in and all-out system" should be adopted.

4 shed structure

There should be water near 4.65438+.

4.2 Scaffolding method Generally, the shed has a width of 4 ~ 5m, a length of 7 ~ 9m, a middle height of 1.7 ~ 1.8m, and a height of 0.8 ~ 0.9m on both sides. The covering layer usually consists of three layers, from inside to outside, 1 layer is linoleum, the second layer is covered with straw, and the third layer is covered with straw. The two sides of the roof and one end of the shed are pressed with sand and gravel, and the other end of the shed is provided with an outlet, which is convenient for breeders and chickens to enter and exit, and is also convenient for ventilation. The main support of the shed is fastened in four directions with iron wires to prevent the shed from being overturned by the storm. Set 2 ~ 3 layers of roosting racks in the shed for chickens to roost. The number of sheds is determined according to the number of chickens raised.

4.3 If there is no perch frame when laying straw mats, some padding should be laid on the ground to keep warm. The padding should be fresh and pollution-free, soft and dry, with strong water absorption and moderate length and thickness, such as green hay, straw, sawdust, chaff and small shavings. , can be mixed. Before use, the padding should be exposed to the sun, and the moldy padding grass should be picked out. Laying thickness should be 3 ~ 5cm.

5. Feeding and management of chickens

5. 1 Feeding management of chicks

5. 1. 1 Selection of brooding time In most parts of northern China, it is more appropriate to choose spring (February-April) for brooding, and no later than June. Chickens bred in spring grow fast and have a high survival rate. At this time, it is late spring and early summer, and the chicks enter the breeding stage. There are green plants and abundant insects here, which can provide high-quality feed for Chai chicken. The light time is gradually shortened in the late breeding period, which can prevent chicks from laying eggs prematurely, thus ensuring suitable laying conditions and maintaining a long laying period. Chickens bred in spring began to give birth in the autumn of that year, with suitable temperature, rich crops and insects, and good egg quality. It takes a long time to lay eggs for one year before stopping production and molting in the second autumn, and the amount of eggs laid is high. Breeding chicks in spring reached the peak of laying eggs around the National Day, and then the demand increased in Mid-Autumn Festival, New Year's Day and Spring Festival. Chai chicken can be eliminated after laying eggs 1 year, and at this time it meets the Mid-Autumn Festival; During the National Day, the selling price of live chickens was higher.

5. 1.2 Drink water in time and start eating. After the chicks enter the brooding room, let them rest for half an hour to 1 hour, and then they can drink water. The temperature of water is about 32℃. Drinking potassium permanganate solution two days ago can prevent pullorum disease. Chickens can quickly excrete meconium after drinking water, which can not only promote chicken metabolism, but also stimulate appetite. After drinking, you can start eating, and feed it with digestible and comprehensive nutrition. Nowadays, chickens are generally mixed with granular materials, and chicks can also be fed with materials. Feeding should be regular, quantitative, small and multi-meal. Each feeding amount is 15 ~ 20 minutes.

5. 1.3 Suitable ambient temperature and humidity temperature are the key to the success of brooding. When the chicks are hatched, the temperature in the incubation room should be 37.5℃, and the temperature difference should not be too big after the chicks are transferred from the incubation room to the brooding room. The suitable temperature of chicks in each stage is 65438 0 ~ 2 years old and 43℃ ~ 35℃ respectively. 3 ~ 7 years old at 34℃ ~ 32℃; 30℃ ~ 28℃ in the second week; The third week is 28℃ ~ 6℃. The incubation period decreased by 2℃ per week in winter and spring, and by 3℃ per week in summer and autumn until it reached 265438 0℃. Humidity requirements: 1 week, the relative humidity is 70% ~ 75%, and it will be reduced to 60% in the second week, and it will be kept at 55% ~ 60% as far as possible after the third week. Excessive humidity is beneficial to the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and easy to induce coccidiosis; When the humidity is too low, the henhouse is dry, the chicks breathe faster, and the water in the body is distributed with the breath, which can not absorb the egg yolk left in the abdomen well, which affects the development of chicks. The basin can be filled with water and naturally evaporated to achieve the purpose of humidification.

5. 1.4 timely grouping weak and sick chicks should be fed in groups in time. In the morning 1 feeding, you can pick out the weak sick chicks, which are often squeezed out when grabbing food, so it is easy to distinguish them. Sick chicks should be isolated and treated in time, and the heavier ones should be eliminated immediately. It is one of the important measures to observe the mental state, appetite, activity and feces of chicks frequently to obtain excellent brooding effect.

5. 1.5 Chickens trained by grazing can generally be raised at a temperature of about 5 weeks. After the temperature is removed, it can be transferred to the mountains for stocking. In order to get chicks into the habit of foraging in the mountains as soon as possible, we should start from the temperature dropping to the mountains and carry out guidance training in the mountains every morning. Generally, two people are needed to cooperate. 1 One person blows the whistle to clear the way, throwing pellet feed in front to let the chickens follow, and 1 one person drives away with bamboo poles in the back until all of them go up the mountain. In order to strengthen the effect, you can whistle 1 time on the mountain at noon every day. At the same time, the breeder should drive away the chickens that have returned to the shed in time and control the range of activities of the chickens until the evening. After 5-7 days of training, the chickens will establish a "whistling-feeding" conditioned reflex, and then they can whistle and scream at will.

5. 1.6 Fencing of grazing land The grazing land should be fenced according to the grazing level of the management personnel. The purse seine can be a fishing net with a mesh of 2cm×2cm, and the net height is1.5 ~ 2.0m. ..

5.2 Feeding management in the growing period This period is characterized by fast growth, strong appetite and increased feed intake of chickens. At this stage, grazing combined with supplementary feeding can make the body fully developed and plump, laying the foundation for later fattening.

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