What are the specific aspects of the four major conditions that affect climate?

The four main factors that affect climate:

Latitude position, atmospheric circulation, land and sea distribution, ocean currents and topography are the main factors that affect climate. The first two are global and zonal. Factors, the latter three are non-zonal factors.

Latitude is the basic factor that affects climate. Because the earth is a large sphere, the angle of the sun is different in places with different latitudes. In some places Some places have direct sunlight, some places have oblique sunlight, and some places do not receive sunlight all day or for several months. Therefore, the altitude angle of the sun is different in different places, the amount of solar heat received is different, and the temperature is also very different. Generally, the lower the latitude, the higher the temperature; the higher the latitude, the lower the temperature. The different latitudes of each region are the main reasons for the different temperatures around the world.

Atmospheric circulation is the formation of various The main factors of climate types and weather changes. The air in the atmosphere moves on different scales, collectively called atmospheric circulation. It is an important way of transporting and exchanging heat, water vapor, etc. in the atmosphere. The manifestations of atmospheric circulation include planetary wind systems and monsoons. Circulation, sea and land breezes, valley breezes, etc. The atmospheric circulation that people usually talk about mainly refers to the planetary wind system. Atmospheric circulation has a very significant impact on climate. The equatorial low pressure zone has strong updrafts, water vapor is easy to condense, and precipitation is abundant; the subtropical high pressure In the belt, subsidence air vapor is prevalent, water vapor is not easy to condense, and rain is scarce; in the trade wind belt, air flows from higher latitude areas to lower latitude areas, water vapor is not easy to condense, and there is generally little rain. However, on the east coast of the continent, trade winds blow from the sea. There are more opportunities for precipitation; on the west coast of the continent, the trade winds blow from the inland, and precipitation is less. In areas controlled by the westerly belt, the winds on the west coast of the continent blow from the sea, with abundant water vapor and abundant precipitation. The further inland, the less water vapor. Precipitation decreases; on the east coast of the mainland, westerly winds blow from the inland, resulting in less precipitation. Generally speaking, updrafts and airflows from low latitudes to high latitudes change temperatures from high to low, water vapor is easy to condense, and there are more opportunities for precipitation; Downdrafts and airflows from high latitudes to low latitudes, the temperature changes from low to high, water vapor is not easy to condense, and there are less opportunities for precipitation. Therefore, under the control of different pressure zones and wind zones, climate characteristics, especially changes in precipitation, are significantly different. .Coupled with the movement of wind belts and pressure belts with the seasons, various climate types are formed.

The distribution of sea and land changes the zonal distribution of temperature and precipitation. Due to the different physical properties of the ocean and land, Under strong sunlight, the ocean heats up slowly and the land heats up quickly; after the sunlight weakens, the ocean cools down slowly and the land cools down quickly. The amount of water vapor contained in the air on the ocean and land surfaces is also different. Generally speaking, in the ocean or offshore In areas where the daily and annual changes in temperature are small, precipitation is relatively abundant, and the seasonal distribution of precipitation is relatively even, often forming an oceanic climate. Therefore, at the same latitude, areas under the control of the same pressure zone or wind zone , due to different sea and land locations, the resulting climate characteristics are also different.

The undulations of terrain can destroy the zonal nature of climate distribution. Terrain is a non-zonal factor, and different terrains have different effects on climate. Influence. In the same latitude zone, the higher the terrain, the lower the temperature. Within a certain height range, precipitation increases with height. Therefore, in the mountains in the tropics, from the foothills to the top of the mountain, there are successively from the equator to the top. Polar climate change. In addition, tall mountains can block the movement of air currents, and there is a significant difference in temperature and precipitation between the windward and leeward slopes of the mountains.

Ocean currents also have an impact on the climate of the continental coasts through which they flow. A certain influence. Ocean currents flowing from low latitudes to high latitudes contain a large amount of heat energy, which plays a role in warming and humidifying the coastal areas they pass through. Ocean currents flowing from high latitudes to low latitudes have lower water temperatures than the surrounding sea surface, which has a certain impact on the environment. The coastal areas it flows through have cooling and dehumidifying effects. Therefore, in terms of temperature, ocean currents can adjust the temperature difference between high and low latitudes. Under the influence of prevailing air currents, the temperatures on the east and west coasts of the continent at the same latitude are significantly different, destroying the temperature latitude zone. Distribution of sex.