Read the full text of Kong Yiji

The layout of hotels in Luzhen is different from other places: there is a large square-shaped counter on the street, with hot water prepared in the cabinet, so that wine can be warmed at any time. Workers, after taking a break from work in the afternoon and evening, would spend four copper coins each time to buy a bowl of wine. This happened more than twenty years ago, but now each bowl costs ten copper coins. Standing outside the counter , drink it hot and have a rest;

If you are willing to spend an extra penny, you can buy a plate of salted bamboo shoots or fennel beans to drink with. If you spend more than ten pence, you can Buy some meat dishes, but most of these customers are from short-clothed gangs, and they are probably not so wealthy. Only those wearing long gowns walked into the house next to the store, asked for wine and food, and sat down to drink slowly.

I have been working as a waiter in the Xianheng Hotel at the entrance of the town since I was twelve years old. The shopkeeper said that I looked too stupid and was afraid that I would not be able to serve the long-gown customers, so I just did something outside. Although the short-coated patrons outside are easy to talk to, there are also many who are nagging and confused.

They often have to watch the rice wine scooped out from the jar, check whether there is water at the bottom of the pot, and see the pot placed in hot water, and then rest assured: under this serious supervision, The chàn water is also in trouble.

So a few days later, the shopkeeper said again that I couldn’t do it. Fortunately, the recommendation was kind and I couldn't fire him, so I was assigned to the boring job of warming wine.

From then on, I stood at the counter all day long, focusing on my duties. Although there is no dereliction of duty, it always feels a bit monotonous and boring. The shopkeeper had a fierce face, and the patrons were not friendly either, and he was not lively. Only when Kong Yiji came to the shop could he laugh a few times, so I still remember it.

Kong Yiji was the only person wearing a long gown while drinking while standing. He is tall and tall, with a pale complexion and often scars between his wrinkles, and a shaggy gray beard. Although he was wearing a long gown, it was dirty and torn. It seemed that it had not been mended or washed in more than ten years.

When he talks to people, he is always full of talk, making people half understand. Because his surname was Kong, others nicknamed him Kong Yiji from the semi-understandable words "Master Kong Yiji" written on the red paper.

As soon as Kong Yiji arrived at the store, all the drinkers looked at him and smiled, and some shouted, "Kong Yiji, you have a new scar on your face!" He didn't answer and said to the person in the cabinet. He said, "Warm two bowls of wine and ask for a plate of fennel beans." Then he gave out nine coins. They shouted loudly and deliberately, "You must have stolen someone else's things again!" Kong Yiji opened his eyes wide and said, "How can you accuse someone of innocence out of thin air..."

"What innocence? I saw you stealing the books from the He family the day before yesterday, and you were beaten while hanging." Kong Yiji blushed, and the veins on his forehead popped out, and he argued, "Stealing books cannot be considered stealing... stealing books! Can the things done by scholars be considered stealing?" followed by a series of difficult words, such as "a gentleman is poor" and "he is a man", etc., which caused everyone to burst into laughter: the atmosphere inside and outside the store was filled with joy.

I heard people talking about it behind their backs. Kong Yiji used to be educated, but in the end he did not go to school and could not make a living. As a result, he became poorer and poorer, until he was almost begging for food. Fortunately, he wrote a good calligraphy, so he paid for other people's books in exchange for a bowl of rice.

Unfortunately, he also has a bad temper, that is, he likes to drink and is lazy to do things. Within a few days, people, books, papers, pens, and inkstones all disappeared. This happened several times, and no one asked him to copy the book. Kong Yiji had no choice but to steal from time to time.

But his conduct was better than anyone else in our store. He never defaulted on his debts. After drinking half a bowl of wine, Kong Yiji’s flushed face gradually returned to normal. Others asked again, “Kong Yiji , do you really know how to read?" Kong Yiji looked at the person who asked him, showing an air of disdain.

They then said, "How come you can't even catch half a scholar?" Kong Yiji immediately looked depressed and uneasy, his face was covered with a layer of gray, and he said something. ;This time it’s all about the same thing, some of which I don’t understand. At this time, everyone burst into laughter: the atmosphere inside and outside the store was full of joy.

Once he said to me, "Have you read the book?" I nodded slightly. He said, "If you have read the book... I will give you a test. How do you write the word fennel for fennel beans?" I thought, is a person like begging worthy of taking my test? Then he turned around and ignored him. Kong Yiji waited for a long time and said sincerely, "Can't you write?...I'll teach you, remember! You should remember these words. When you become the shopkeeper in the future, you will need them when writing accounts."

I thought to myself that the level between me and the shopkeeper was still far away, and our shopkeeper never paid for fennel beans. I was funny and impatient, so I answered him lazily, "Who wants you to teach me? A back-and-forth reply?"

Kong Yiji looked very happy, tapped his long nails on the counter, nodded and said, "Yes, yes! ... There are four characters in "fennel". Do you know how to write this?" I became more impatient and walked away with my mouth open. Kong Yiji had just dipped his nails in wine and wanted to write something on the cabinet. When he saw that I was not enthusiastic, he sighed again, showing a very regretful look.

On several occasions, neighborhood children heard the laughter and joined in the fun, surrounding Kong Yiji. Then he gave them fennel beans to eat, one for each of them. After the child finished eating the beans, he still stayed with his eyes looking at the plate. Kong Yiji panicked, stretched out his fingers to cover the plate, bent down and said, "Not much, I don't have much anymore." He straightened up and looked at the beans again, shook his head and said, "Not much, not much! Not much!" Really? Not much.

"So the group of children dispersed in laughter.

Kong Yiji is so cheerful, but without him, others would live like this.

One day, About two or three days before the Mid-Autumn Festival, the shopkeeper was slowly settling the bill, taking off the pink board, and suddenly said, "Kong Yiji hasn't been here for a long time. I still owe nineteen cents! "I also felt that he really hadn't come for a long time.

A drinker said, "How could he come? ...He broke his leg. "The shopkeeper said, "Oh! "He always steals." This time, because he was in a coma, he sneaked into Ding Ju's house. Can his belongings be stolen? "?

"What happened next? ""How about it? First I wrote my plea, and then I was beaten. I was beaten for most of the night, and then my leg was broken. "What happened next?" "Then I broke my leg." "How about the discount?" ""how? ...Who knows? Xu is dead. "The shopkeeper stopped asking and continued to settle his accounts slowly.

After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the autumn wind became cooler day by day, and it was almost early winter; I had to wear a cotton-padded jacket even if I was leaning on the fire all day long. In the second half of the day, there was no customer. I was sitting with my eyes closed when I suddenly heard a voice, "Warm a bowl of wine." "Although the voice was very low, it was very familiar. When I saw it, there was no one there. When I stood up and looked outside, I saw Kong Yiji sitting under the counter facing the threshold.

His face was dark and thin. , it was no longer the same; although there was no cash at times, it was temporarily recorded on the pink board, but it would definitely be paid off within a month, and Kong Yiji's name was wiped off the pink board.

Kong Yiji drank half of it. After a bowl of wine, his flushed face gradually returned to normal, and someone else asked again, "Kong Yiji, do you really know how to read?" "Kong Yiji looked at the person who asked him, showing an air of disdain to argue. They then continued, "How come you can't even get half a scholar? ”

Kong Yiji immediately looked depressed and uneasy, his face was covered with a layer of gray, and he said some words; this time it was all nonsense, some of which he did not understand. At this time, Everyone burst into laughter: The atmosphere inside and outside the store was full of joy.

At these times, I can laugh in agreement, and the shopkeeper will never blame him. Moreover, the shopkeeper often asks him this when he sees him. , making people laugh. Kong Yiji knew that he could not talk to them, so he had to talk to the children once, "Have you read the book?" "I nodded slightly. He said, "After reading the book... I will give you a test. How to write the word fennel for fennel beans? "

I thought, is a person who is just begging worthy of me taking the exam? So I turned away and ignored it. Kong Yiji waited for a long time and said sincerely, "Can't you just write? ...I'll teach you, remember! These words should be remembered. When I become a shopkeeper in the future, I will use it to write accounts. "

I secretly thought that the level between me and the shopkeeper was still far away, and our shopkeeper never paid for fennel beans. I was funny and impatient, so I answered him lazily, "Who wants it? You teach, isn't it just a back and forth word "hui" under the grass? "

Kong Yiji looked extremely happy, tapped his long nails on the counter, nodded and said, "Yes, yes!" ...There are four ways to write the word fennel, did you know? "I became more and more impatient and walked away with my mouth open. Kong Yiji just dipped his nails in wine and wanted to write something on the cabinet. When he saw that I was not enthusiastic, he sighed again, showing a very regretful look.

After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the autumn wind became colder day by day, and it was almost early winter. I had to put on a cotton-padded jacket after spending the whole day by the fire. There was no customer, and I was sitting there with my eyes closed. Suddenly I heard a voice, "Warm a bowl of wine. "Although the voice was very low, it was very familiar. When I saw it, there was no one there. When I stood up and looked outside, I saw Kong Yiji sitting under the counter facing the threshold.

His face was dark and thin. , already in disgrace; he wore a torn jacket, crossed his legs, put a cattail bag underneath, and hung it on his shoulders with a straw rope; when he saw me, he said again, "Warm a bowl of wine." The shopkeeper also stretched out his head and said, "Kong Yiji?" You still owe nineteen cents! "

Kong Yiji looked up dejectedly and replied, "This... I'll pay it off next time. This time it’s cash and the wine is good. The shopkeeper smiled and said to him as usual, "Kong Yiji, you stole something again!" "But this time he was not very argumentative and simply said, "Don't make fun of me! "

" Making fun of? If he didn't steal, how could he break his leg? "Kong Yiji whispered, "It's broken, it's broken, it's broken..." His eyes looked like he was begging the shopkeeper not to mention it again. At this time, several people had gathered, and he and the shopkeeper laughed.

< p>I warmed the wine, took it out, and put it on the threshold. He took out four coins from his ragged pocket and put it in my hand. I saw that his hands were full of mud. It turned out that he came here with these hands. After a while, he finished his drink, sat down and walked away slowly with his hands amidst the laughter of others.

Since then, he has not seen Kong Yiji for a long time. He took off the pink board and said, "Kong Yiji still owes nineteen cents! "On the Dragon Boat Festival of the next year, he said again, "Kong Yiji still owes 19 yuan!" "I didn't say anything about him until the Mid-Autumn Festival, and I didn't see him until the New Year's Eve.

I haven't seen him until now - probably Kong Yiji is indeed dead.

March 1919 Month.

Word notes:

1. The old term refers to working people wearing short clothes.

2. Chuò: generous. /p>

3. 羼 (chàn): mixed, doped.

4. Recommendation: In the old society, people who introduced servants as their profession also generally refer to people who introduce professions.

5. Voice: This refers to attitude.

6. Mouthful of words: meaning a mouth full of classical Chinese words. This is used to express Kong Yiji’s nerdy spirit.

7. Mr. Kong Yiji: The red tracing paper that was popular in the old days (the red tracing paper: a copybook printed with red regular characters for children to copy calligraphy with brushes. The most popular one in the old days was printed with " Shang Daren Kong (previously known as Qiu in the Ming Dynasty) Yiji turned into three thousand and seventy Shi Er Xiaosheng eight or nine sons. The best works are benevolence and know the etiquette." Such simple strokes, three characters and one sentence, and some words that seem to be clear but not clear.), printed with "Shang Daren "Kong Yiji" contains a variety of strokes and is relatively simple, three words per sentence.

8. "A gentleman is poor": See "The Analects of Confucius·Ling Gong of Wei". "Guqiong" means "sticking to one's poverty", which means not to change one's conduct due to poverty. Solid, secure.

9. Admission to school: In the imperial examination system of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, children passed the preliminary county examination, the re-examination of the government examination, and then participated in the college examination (Dao examination) hosted by the academic administration, and obtained the listed government and county student status. If you are called to study, you will become a scholar. It also stipulates that a provincial examination (provincial-level examination) will be held every three years. Scholars or supervisors will take the examination, and those who succeed will be selected as Juren.

10. Making a living: making a living and planning how to live.

11. Chao: now written as "chao".

12. There are four ways to write the word "Hui": In the past, there were only three ways to write the word "Hui": "Hui", "Hui" and "Hui". Very few people used the fourth way of writing (an outer radical "" Add the word "目" in the middle of "囗"). Scholars like Kong Yiji, who were deeply poisoned by the imperial examination education, often paid attention to some useless words and regarded them as knowledge and skills.

13. "How many are there? Not many": See "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "The Great Master asked Yu Zigong: 'Master, who is the saint? How versatile!' Gong said: "Gu Tianzong's general is very capable." When Zi heard this, he said: "Do you know that I am a young man, so I am very capable of doing bad things?" . “The original intention has nothing to do with it.

14. Plea: Also known as "pleading", which is a confession. This refers to a written plea to plead guilty without going through the government.

15. New Year’s Eve: the end of the year. In the old society, when settling accounts at the end of the year, creditors would collect debts from debtors. Debtors celebrated the New Year as if they had passed the customs, so it was called "New Year's Eve". The Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival mentioned below were also the deadlines for settling accounts in the old society.

Extended information:

1. Creation background:

1. Historical background

At the end of the 19th century, the Qing government was corrupt and the people were in dire straits. The imperial examination system since the Sui and Tang Dynasties is still prevalent. A few scholars rose to dominant positions, but most lower-class intellectuals remained impoverished. Kong Yiji, the protagonist of the novel "Kong Yiji", is such a typical example in Mr. Lu Xun's works.

After the Revolution of 1911, Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, restoration forces became rampant, and the achievements of the revolution were stolen.

Before and after the "May 4th" Movement, although the imperial examination system was abolished, feudal culture and feudal education were still deeply rooted. Feudal education was still implemented in other ways, and the people were still in a state of lethargy and numbness.

The blast of the October Revolution in 1917 brought Marxism-Leninism to China. Chinese revolutionary intellectuals such as Li Dazhao led and instigated the New Culture Movement, which violently attacked feudal culture and education.

In order to angrily crusade against the feudal system and feudal culture, in order to "describe a kind of life in society and invite readers to take a look" to "attract therapeutic attention", Mr. Lu Xun followed "Diary of a Madman". In the winter of 1918, he wrote the novel "Kong Yiji".

2. Creation process

"Kong Yiji" was written in the winter of 1918. At that time, "New Youth" was the basis. Although it had opened the prelude to the New Culture Movement, the feudal The retro countercurrent is still rampant.

Although the imperial examination system was abolished in 1906, the social foundation for cultivating people like Kong Yiji still exists, and the teachings of Confucius and Mencius are still the core content of social education, so it is possible to produce a new "Kong Yiji".

To save the young generation, we must not let them follow Kong Yiji's old path. Lu Xun chose a corner of society - the Xianheng Hotel in Lu Town, to artistically show the life of such poor intellectuals in society more than 20 years ago, in order to inspire readers to compare Kong Yiji's life path and the current educational situation at that time, and think about that time Social education and school education, criticizing the feudal education system and the imperial examination system.

2. Theme of the work:

Kong Yiji was a miserable and weak person who could not find his place in the society at that time. He used the laughter of the crowd to pierce such an exciting story. The sad story highlights and strengthens the tragic effect of the novel.

This kind of laughter is a numb laughter, which makes Kong Yiji’s tragedy even more suffocating and tragic. One side shows tragic experiences and pain, while the other side is not sympathy and tears, but boring laughter and fun. It is even more sad to write sadness in a happy state, indicating that Kong Yiji's tragedy is not a personal tragedy, but a social tragedy. , the anti-feudal significance of the work becomes even more profound.

Feudal order is the foundation of feudal society. Under such a hierarchical feudal rule, the people's vitality, enthusiasm, and sympathy are stifled, and they become insensitive, selfish, and indifferent.

In the minds of the Short Clothes Gang, they also believed that since "excellence in learning leads to officialdom", then Kong Yiji, who could not even get half a scholar, was certainly a bad product and was only worthy of ridicule and ridicule.

They do not realize that they and Kong Yiji are also at the bottom of the oppressed society in the feudal order, and are equally miserable and pitiful. Therefore, they not only have no sympathy and help for an unfortunate person like Kong Yiji, but only know that Laughing and having fun, seeking a moment of happiness in their tiring and boring life.

On the other hand, "to reveal society's indifference to people in distress" is also one of the main themes of this article.

3. Introduction to the author:

Lu Xun (September 25, 1881 - October 19, 1936), once named Zhou Zhangshou, later changed his name to Zhou Shuren, and his nickname was Yushan. , later changed to Henchai, and studied in Sendai Medical College (now Tohoku University) in Japan.

"Lu Xun" was the pen name he used when he published "Diary of a Madman" in 1918. It is also his most widely influential pen name. He was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Famous writer, thinker, democracy fighter, important participant in the May 4th New Culture Movement, and the founder of modern Chinese literature. Mao Zedong once commented: "Lu Xun's direction is the direction of the new culture of the Chinese nation."

Lu Xun spent his life in literary creation, literary criticism, ideological research, literary history research, translation, introduction of art theory, and introduction of basic science. He has made significant contributions to many fields such as the collation and research of ancient books.

He had a great influence on the ideological and cultural development of Chinese society after the May 4th Movement. He is famous in the world of literature, especially in the ideological and cultural fields of South Korea and Japan. The writer who occupies the largest territory on the cultural map of East Asia.”

Lu Xun's lifetime writings include nearly 10 million words of essays, short stories, essays, essays, and translations, including ***16 essay collections:

"Hot Wind", "Grave", "Huagai" "Collection", "Sequel to Huagai Collection" (1926), "Just Collection" (1927), "Sanxian Collection", "Erxin Collection" (1930), "Nanqianbei Diao Collection" (1932-1933), "Pseudo Free Letter", "Quasi Feng Yue Tan" "Lace Literature", "Qiejieting Essays" (1934-1936), etc. The prose collection "Morning Blossoms Plucked at Dusk" and the prose poetry collection "Weeds" truly satirized the dark side of society at that time.

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