Related applications of low-carbon cities

In 20 12, we made fun of it and joked about it because of the Mayan prophecy, but in the second half of 20 12, we frequently encountered the cruel baptism of nature:

20 12 In late June, the northeastern and northern parts of India were hit by heavy rains and floods, resulting in more than 100 deaths and hundreds of thousands of people affected.

20 12 in southern Russia was hit by heavy rain from the night of July 6 to the early morning of July 7, and the rainfall of one night was equivalent to the total rainfall of five months. The flood has caused 155 deaths.

On the eve of the London Olympic Games, due to continuous rainfall, the water level of many rivers in Britain rose and roads were closed. Britain issued 7 flood warnings and 27 early warnings.

One side is seawater, and the other side is flame. Also last month, the eastern and midwestern regions of the United States continued to experience high temperatures for two weeks, and the continuous high temperature of 40 degrees in several cities has caused 74 deaths.

During the rainstorm in Yantai, Shandong Province, airport staff rescued the plane in the water.

There is a road in Tianjin called "Yutang Road". After the rainstorm, fish can finally be raised.

According to the data released by the Sichuan Provincial Department of Land and Resources, as of July 24th, 20 12, compared with the same period of 20 1 1, the number of geological disasters in Sichuan Province is 2.8 times that of 201.

On July 2, 2065438, Beijing was flooded, causing10.6 million people to be affected, with economic losses exceeding 10 billion yuan and many people killed.

At the end of 20 12, 10, Hurricane Sandy ravaged the United States, causing losses as high as $50 billion. More than 100 people were killed and more than 3 million families were without electricity. Sandy eventually became one of the worst storms in American history.

The fact that the World Meteorological Organization has repeatedly repeated in recent years is that frequent extreme weather events are extremely unusual. With global warming, extreme weather phenomena will appear more frequently in the future, with greater intensity and wider influence area.

When more frequent and severe extreme weather occurs in cities with high concentration of population, wealth and technology, it not only tests the emergency management ability of government departments at all levels, but also poses a great threat to the personal safety of urban residents, energy, transportation, tourism and urban public safety.

In order to cope with global climate change, the common enemy of mankind, the China municipal government explicitly requested that it be implemented in Guangdong, Liaoning, Hubei, Shaanxi, Yunnan and Tianjin in 20 10 "Notice of National Development and Reform Commission on Launching Pilot Work of Low-carbon Provinces and Cities" (No.2065438+001587). In this construction plan, it is emphasized to improve the statistical monitoring system of greenhouse gas emissions and energy conservation and emission reduction, and gradually establish a carbon emission trading market. According to the 12th Five-Year Plan, the carbon emissions per unit GDP in China will be reduced by 17% in the next five years.

"Low-carbon city" is not difficult to be accepted by people from the perspective of macro concept and concept propaganda, but how to implement it at the specific operational level has always been a topic repeatedly discussed by governments at all levels, scholars and related practitioners. In other words, achieving the goal of a low-carbon city is not as simple as putting on a show.

In order to cope with the hot topic of low-carbon cities around the world, the British Standards Institute (BSI) will release the only city-based greenhouse gas assessment specification in the world at the end of this year: PAS 2070: 20 12 "Urban Greenhouse Gas Emission Assessment Specification Based on Consumption". In the development and trial stage, this standard has been strongly supported by the C40 Urban Climate Leading Group (the steering committees include China, Beijing+Shanghai+Hong Kong, Berlin, Indonesia). It is particularly noteworthy that the standard has achieved good results in the trial process in London.

The level of carbon dioxide emission in urban operation and development has always been a key issue in the construction of low-carbon cities. China Sustainable Development Strategy Report in 2009 pointed out that the supporting system of low-carbon cities includes industrial structure system, infrastructure system, consumption supporting system and policy system. The different research directions and emphases of domestic scholars make the construction of low-carbon cities in China have different road maps. Some scholars have demonstrated the realization of building a low-carbon city from seven aspects: low-carbon building, low-carbon transportation, low-carbon industry, low-carbon energy, low-carbon consumption, carbon capture and storage technology and low-carbon management.

Quantification, analysis and evaluation are the basis of realizing low-carbon cities, and also provide a solid source of data and information for the determination of emission reduction targets in hot spots and key industries, the setting of quota system, infrastructure and industrial upgrading planning.

PAS 2070 uses DPSC(Direct plus supply chain) and CB (Consumption- based) to analyze and evaluate the carbon footprint of a city as an independent whole, according to the types of residents, businesses and industrial consumption.

Because the international quantitative methods are only aimed at organizations, projects and products, it is the basic requirement of PAS 2070 standard to evaluate urban greenhouse gases as a whole, which effectively avoids the possibility of double counting.

The characteristics of PAS 2070 are:

1, suitable for cities of different sizes and cultures;

2. You can choose DPSC (direct marketing plus supply chain) and CB (consumption type), which is easy to operate in practice;

3. Conducive to the planning of urban infrastructure;

4, identify and analyze the carbon emissions of key industries, analyze the intensity of carbon emissions, and help urban industrial planning, adjustment and upgrading;

5, * * * to deal with regional air pollution, heat island effect and other issues;

6. Cross-departmental tracking of infrastructure efficiency;

7. Comparison of key sectors, such as allocation of emission quotas;

8. Integrate residential, commercial and industrial activities as an urban theme;

9. It provides a strict methodological basis for inter-city greenhouse gas trading.

On the basis of observing the United Nations Convention on Climate Change, PAS 2070 lists CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCS, PFCS and SF6. Like other inventory and trading mechanisms, the standard follows the principles of relevance, completeness, consistency, accuracy and transparency, and the same requirements exclude biomass carbon from statistical analysis.

According to the method of DPSC, based on the region (category 1), the buildings, industrial facilities and fuels used by local land traffic and water traffic in cities are statistically quantified and analyzed:

Natural gas, heating oil (including paraffin), diesel oil, coal, petroleum or gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas and others;

Greenhouse gas emissions (LUC) caused by land use change and consumption of imported electricity, heat, cooling and steam (Category 2) are also included in the calculation.

LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), as the basis of CB method, requires that the whole process from cradle to grave can be summed up by calculating and analyzing the greenhouse gases of goods and services consumed by cities, and summarizing them according to the classification of household consumer goods:

1, fuel;

2, public (according to water, electricity, gas decomposition);

3, transportation (by railway, highway, water transport, aviation and auxiliary decomposition);

4. Materials (including cement);

5. Food and drink;

6. Lease and;

7. Education.

The construction of low-carbon cities needs to be supported by clear, consistent and recognized standards and methods at the early stage of planning, so that this urban strategic work, which uses various functional departments and invests a lot of financial resources, can run smoothly, consistently, transparently, efficiently and at low cost. As a representative of developing countries all over the world, China is also a big carbon emitter. I hope PAS 2070 can provide a rigorous and scientific platform for China's low-carbon city strategy, and China can show our efforts and achievements to the whole world at the national government level through its application.