The teacher said that my composition was full of ill sentences, so I had to rewrite it. What is a sick sentence?

Ill sentences, as the name implies, are wrong sentences. Any sentence that violates the rules of grammatical structure or objective facts is a sick sentence. The former is called grammatical error and the latter is called logical error.

There are six kinds of common sick sentences:

The word order of 1 is incorrect

1, the attribute position is wrong. For example:

(1) It is impossible for China to be self-sufficient in cotton production for a long time.

Cotton produced in China cannot be self-sufficient for a long time. )

(2) The vast rural youth show great enthusiasm for socialism.

The attribute "incomparable" is misplaced in the adverbial position, which leads to a sick sentence. We should put "incomparable" before "enthusiasm". )

2. The adverbial position is improper. For example:

(3) In the cause of socialist construction, we should give full play to the role of intellectuals.

(The adverbial "enough" is misplaced in the attributive position and should be placed before "play". )

3. Improper position of function words:

First, the adverb "bu" is in the wrong position. For example:

(4) If we don't do our own domestic affairs well, it will be difficult for us to have a say in the world. The negative adverb of the word "bu" should be placed before the word "ba".

(5) If we don't check the work of contract farming now, we can't hoe the land ahead. (The word "no" should be moved before the word "and")

Second, the related words are not in the right place.

When two clauses in a complex sentence use the same subject, the related words should be behind the subject; When the subject is different, the related words should be in front of the subject. If it is upside down, it is out of place. For example:

He not only studies hard, but also helps other students. ("He" should be moved before "Not only")

Third, the preposition is not in the right position.

(7) Pavlov, a famous physiologist in the Soviet Union, is busy doing conditioned reflex experiments on animals all day. He tied the animal to the experimental frame with a rope.

2 Improper collocation

1, improper collocation, such as:

(8) In the early morning, students who participated in long-distance running galloped on the expressway. Students should use "running" instead of "galloping". )

(9) the torrent of feelings is rolling, and the whole body blood is whistling. ("Hot blood" can only "boil", not "roar")

(10) His lofty revolutionary qualities often appear in my mind. ("quality" can't be "budding", but it can be changed to "his great revolutionary image".

(1 1) These articles are full of Marxist viewpoints. ("viewpoint" should be "light". )

(12) Before liberation, my father and brother didn't earn enough money to support their families. Only people can "feed" but not "live". )

(13) Shanghai Science and Technology Development Center has gathered a group of professional teams who are enthusiastic about science and technology development services and good at management. ("Gathering" should be "specialized talents". )

(14) The last day of work is the most stressful, enjoyable and meaningful day for students. ("labor" means "one day", so just delete "labor". )

(15) The political situation of stability and unity is the prerequisite for the establishment and perfection of China's socialist market economic system. ("situation" means "condition" is not suitable, so "situation" can be deleted. )

(16) He has made great efforts in cultivating improved varieties. (The word "big" should be changed to "many". )

(17) I have a pair of smart and capable hands and can do anything. ("Smart and capable" should be changed to "smart". )

At this meeting, the delegates exchanged views extensively on the issue of wages. (It should be changed to "extensive communication". )

(19) The improvement of academic performance depends on whether students work hard or not. ("improving your grades" is one-sided, and "whether you work hard" is two-sided. It can be changed to: the improvement of academic performance depends on students' own efforts. Or changed to: whether the academic performance can be improved depends on whether the students work hard or not. )

Artists used to be looked down upon by people, but now they are eagerly favored by people. Between this supercilious look and love, they realized the warmth of the world. "White eyes" and "favor" refer to two sides, while "tenderness" only corresponds to one side. )

(2 1) Should we attach importance to Chinese learning? Is it okay to study only math and physics? Our answer is no, there are two positive and negative answers to the previous question, and the latter answer does not explain the previous question well. )

(22) I think this need not be described, and no one can't imagine it. ("No one can imagine" means "No one can imagine", which is just the opposite of the original sentence. )

(23) Take various measures to cultivate and improve the level of teachers, especially middle-aged teachers. (Improper collocation of "cultivation" and "level")

Three components are incomplete.

1, the composition is incomplete

& lt 1 & gt； Missing theme. For example:

(24) From this small matter, it illustrates a big problem. What is the subject of "explanation"? The subject-object phrase cannot be the subject, so "from ……" can be deleted. )

(25) There are many comments about the TV movie Peking Man in new york. (Delete "about" to make the subject of the sentence appear. )

For another example, from a large number of observation facts, it is told that in order to grasp the continuous change of weather, it is best to observe it every hour. There is something wrong with the preposition "cong ..." in this sentence. Can be deleted. )

& lt2> is missing predicates. For example:

(26) These roles are of different types and have a considerable distance. If you don't have the skills to shape the role, you can't play well. ("These roles are different types" lacks a predicate, so it should be supplemented by "belonging". )

(27) Recently, a comprehensive quality inspection campaign was launched, in which a series of work such as establishing and strengthening the technical management system should be carried out. Which verb is the object of "a series of jobs"? If you can't find a suitable one in the original sentence, you should add the predicate "completed" before "established" to make it smooth. )

& lt3> is missing an object. For example:

In the past two years, they have promoted the scientific farming methods insisted by Ma and the brigade throughout the county. ("promote" what? The object "experience of ..." is missing. )

We should make every effort to mechanize and collectivize our agriculture. It is appropriate to "take the road of …". )

(4) Lack of related words

Example 1: The stick insects in Singapore not only look almost like bamboo, but also look exactly like branches when they are quiet. (add "and" before "number"). )

Exodus 2: The academic conference was short and gained a lot. (Add "although ... but ...". )

No matter how good you say, we won't listen.

Exodus 4: Even if the family is large, we should save unnecessary expenses and waste.

Step 2 lay off employees

There are redundant elements such as subject, predicate and attribute. Here is just an example for a brief explanation.

(30) We sophomores, in class, generally speaking, we can listen carefully and observe classroom discipline. (The topic is redundant. )

(3 1) The lecture notes borrowed from your college last time are being printed and can be distributed to students before class. (Predicate redundancy)

(32) Commemorate the arrival of the March 8th Festival. (There are redundant elements after the object. )

(33) What a rich subtext of "silence" is behind this sentence. (Attributive redundant)

Together with the old farmer, he repeatedly conducted high-yield wheat experiments. (pile up adverbials and delete one at will. )

Xiao Wang takes every job seriously. (The complement is redundant. )

4 structural confusion

1, sentence combination. This means that two or more groups of sentence structures are mixed together, making the meaning unclear. For example:

(36) This method is sanitary and convenient, and is deeply loved by the masses. (or "deeply loved by the masses" or "deeply loved by the masses")

People who have been bound by the planned economy for many years have also awakened. ("Once bound ..." and "bound by ..." can be mixed, and both can be used. )

2. Change the subject of the sentence. Sometimes the subject of a clause is changed in a complex sentence, which makes the original subject and predicate unable to match, and also causes structural confusion. For example:

The old worker's words deeply touched Xiaoqiu's heart, and he could not be calm for a long time. (The subject of the former clause is "words" and the subject of the latter clause is "Xiaoqiu's heart", which is a secret transformation and causes confusion. It can be changed to "... touched Xiaoqiu and kept his heart for a long time ..."

3. The level is not clear. For example:

(39) Xinhua News Agency found that after the successful completion of synthetic yeast alanine transfer RNA in Shanghai, readers and scientific circles attached great importance to it and aroused strong repercussions. ("Arouse a strong reaction" is an abstract sentence, which should be said first and then concrete; For scientific achievements, let's talk about the reaction of "scientific people" before the reaction of "readers".

4. Improper punctuation will cause confusion. For example:

The success of this film is attributed to the collective strength, the artistic leadership of the film bureau, the assistance of the original author of the stage play and the dedication of all the actors. These are all new experiences that I have never experienced. (When a comma is used after "collective strength", readers naturally regard the following words as the object of "thanks", but the author's original intention is to regard the following words as the subject of "everything is", and a period must be used after "strength")

5 vague

Ambiguity includes two situations: one is "inexplicable" and the other is "ambiguous". "Confusion" is expressed in one sentence, but it can't make people understand what it says; "Ambiguity" means that there are two understandings of a sentence. No matter "inexplicable" or "ambiguous", it is a manifestation of unclear expression. Here is an example:

1, puzzling. For example:

(4 1) It's my return trip to visit the fire saw factory with ridge and the forest light rail. How can a "visit" be a "homecoming"? The author means, "... is what I plan to do on my way home from my trip." ”)

2. ambiguous. For example:

(42) The factory director adopted the rationalization suggestions of two workers, which greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of the employees in the whole factory to make suggestions. ("two workers" or "two suggestions"? Understanding leads to ambiguity. )

(43) The county informed Zhao Xiangchang to report before September 15. (it can be understood as "before 15") or "before 15")

When buying apples, no child wants them. (It can be understood as "a little apple" and "a child". )

3. The reference is unknown. For example:

After thinking for a long time, she still can't make up her mind. Finally, she decided to go to Aunt Wang's house not far from home and let her go home with her. (Who will accompany who? Probably "two aunts accompanied her". )

(46) Boss Song reunited with Qi San after a long separation and talked about speculation. He lit a cigarette for him ... (Who lit a cigarette for whom? I can't guess. )

6 Logical error

The "logical error" here means that the meaning of a sentence cannot be reasonably said. Common types are:

1, which is contradictory. For example:

He is the only survivor of all the victims. (The contradiction between "victim" and "survivor". )

Many people who have made achievements in scientific and intellectual research have succeeded through tenacious and hard work under very difficult objective material conditions. (The contradiction between "everything" and "many")

2. Improper juxtaposition of concepts. The concept of juxtaposition should also be divided according to the same standard. If the standards are confused, it will lead to the mistake of juxtaposing the concepts of size and different categories. For example:

This farm is determined to increase the output of grain, cotton and cash crops. ("Cotton" is a "cash crop", and the two cannot be juxtaposed. )

Swimming tickets are divided into ordinary tickets, visiting tickets, monthly tickets and season tickets. "Visiting ticket" is not a "swimming ticket" and cannot be juxtaposed with "ordinary ticket". )

3. Impose cause and effect. For example:

(5 1) Because of partial subjects, the results of mathematics and physics are in a mess. (The latter is the concrete manifestation of the former, not the result. )

Because he is from the north, his thoughts are basically the same. (There is no causal relationship before and after)

4. The subject and object are reversed. For example:

The name Edison is no stranger to us young students. Students' recognition of the name Edison. )

The study mood last year was very different from this year. (Comparing the first two with the last two, the latter is always the main body, so it should be said: "My study mood this year is the same as last year ...")

5. Improper denial. For example:

No one can deny that excellent academic performance is not achieved through hard work. There is a triple negation, and the whole sentence expresses the meaning of negation, which is just the opposite of the original intention. )

(56) Of course, the play also promoted feudal ideas such as karma, so who can deny that the play has no negative effects? The rhetorical question itself is also negative, so this sentence expresses a negative meaning, not intentionally. )

6, unreasonable. For example:

In the afternoon, after a thunderstorm, a beautiful rainbow appeared in the western sky. The rainbow appears in the opposite direction to the sun, and the rainbow in the afternoon can only appear in the east. )

As long as you study hard, you can get into a good university. "Study hard" is not a sufficient condition for "getting into a good university". )